The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "the Communist Party of China (CPC) is a political party that strives for the happiness of the people of China and also strives for the cause of human progress. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always made new and greater contributions to mankind as its mission. " He also stressed that adhering to the path of peaceful development and promoting the building of a community of human destiny; Adhere to the concept of global governance; Promote the construction of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation; Wait a minute. These ideas have been fully reflected in the "Belt and Road" international cooperation, which is a great contribution made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to the cause of human progress.

　　The construction of the Belt and Road has formed a broad consensus in the international community.

　　The Belt and Road Initiative was put forward by the Supreme Leader when he visited Kazakhstan in September 2013 and Indonesia in October of the same year. After this initiative was put forward, it has been widely responded and supported by countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Europe along the Belt and Road and other countries and regions in the world, and has now successfully entered the stage of full implementation. A large number of international cooperative construction projects have been launched one after another, the infrastructure connectivity network has taken shape, the industrial cooperation along the line has maintained a good momentum, policy coordination among countries has been continuously strengthened, and international exchanges in various fields have been further promoted.

　　Once the "Belt and Road" initiative was put forward, it was appreciated and highly praised by many politicians, scholars and people of insight from all sides in the world. UN Secretary-General Guterres said: The Belt and Road Initiative put forward by China has built an important platform, provided new ideas and played a leading role in promoting international cooperation. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative is far-sighted. It is not only conducive to the realization of connectivity between countries, but also enables people of all countries to connect with each other and form a community of human destiny. Together, they face and strive to solve global challenges and provide the world with a Chinese solution. Russian President Vladimir Putin said at the summit forum on "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation last May that the China initiative was very timely and beneficial. The imbalance of world economic development and the crisis of the old model of economic globalization have had a negative impact on the relations between countries and international security. Generally speaking, the logic of the old model can no longer solve the contemporary problems and needs fresh ideas. The Belt and Road Initiative is a useful exploration of a new model of globalization and international cooperation. Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev said: The Belt and Road Initiative is a timely solution to the political, economic and humanitarian crisis facing the world in this century, and its successful implementation will bring tangible benefits to the people of the world.Former French Prime Minister raffarin pointed out: China has set an example for the international community by promoting multilateral cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative, and China’s long-term goal and grasp of the needs of the times are of great benefit to world development. In a world marked by innovation, I think China has a great trump card, that is, a long and profound Chinese civilization. The Belt and Road Initiative initiated by China is a great plan that needs innovation, construction and sharing. China’s voice in the world is the voice of balance, multilateral cooperation and, naturally, progress.

　　Let’s look at the academic world again. Peter Nolan, director of the Development Research Center of Cambridge University in England, believes that China has found its own development path, and at the same time, it is also finding a path for global sustainable development. The Belt and Road Initiative is not a threat to the West, but a real opportunity for cooperation, which is what China called "win-win". Naisbitt, an American futurist, believes that the "Belt and Road Initiative" has become a direction of global development, and its biggest unusual feature is that it benefits all countries and people, not just a small number of people. African countries have benefited from the development of infrastructure with the support of China, which is more effective than copying the western democratic system. South African scholar Kubus Fanstak said: The Belt and Road Initiative is a new expression of economic globalization, and its connotation is far greater than a development initiative. This construction plan will bring much-needed development to eastern Africa and a different future to the whole African continent. Compared with the relationship between Africa and the West, this is at least a different future. Djamil Matar, a UAE scholar, said: The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China is like a mission from the East, and it is free from colonialism and political interference. This mission from the East is to serve and care for the interests of the overwhelming majority of people in the world. Therefore, in a new era,A completely different cooperation model will be opened.

　　These politicians and scholars made a relatively comprehensive evaluation of the basic purpose, development prospects and far-reaching influence of the "Belt and Road" construction. Their exposition fully shows that the "Belt and Road" construction has formed some important consensus in the international community: First, the "Belt and Road" construction did not come into being out of thin air, it inherited the fine tradition of historical exchanges on the Silk Road, adapted to the needs of the development of the current world situation, and creatively opened up a new way forward for realizing new international cooperation on the basis of summing up the historical experience of mutual learning and learning on the Silk Road and the practical experience of international exchanges today. Second, the "Belt and Road" construction not only conforms to the development trend of economic globalization, but also pays attention to overcoming the disadvantages existing in the past economic globalization, providing a new path, model and governance principle for the healthy development of economic globalization. Third, the construction of the "Belt and Road" will benefit not only the initiating countries, but also the countries and regions along the route, but all countries in the world — — Whether it is the East or the West, the South or the North, the developing or the developed countries — — All countries can benefit from it and promote peaceful coexistence, equality, mutual benefit and common development of all countries in the world. Fourth, the development achievements of the "Belt and Road" construction,It will not only be enjoyed by a few people in society, but will strive to benefit the broad masses of people in all countries and regions, which is conducive to gradually narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor among members of society. That is to say, it is necessary to carry out unprecedented exploration and experiment in the world to build a community of human destiny and provide a brand-new scheme. Fifth, the "Belt and Road" construction conforms to the development trend of today’s world and reflects the interests and aspirations of people all over the world, so it has an unlimited bright future. Sixth, the wisdom and value embodied in the "Belt and Road" construction belong not only to China, the East, but also to the West, the whole world and all mankind. Therefore, all parties in the international community should cherish and safeguard it, and should actively participate and provide support as much as they can, and strive to make their own contributions.

　　The construction of the Belt and Road reflects the global governance concept of joint construction and sharing.

　　One of the core concepts, essential requirements and basic principles running through the "Belt and Road" construction is to discuss, build and share. This clearly answers and solves the important issues of how to build the "Belt and Road" international cooperation, who will build it and for whom, and provides a governance concept that should be followed for global economic governance.

　　The so-called consultation means that one party in the cooperative construction is not in charge of the infrastructure and various projects of economic and social development. Instead, it is necessary to fully listen to the opinions of all parties in the cooperative construction, respect the wishes of all parties, and care about the interests of all parties. All parties should discuss more with each other, brainstorm, seek common ground and make a decision after consultation. Moreover, during the negotiation, special attention should be paid to ensuring that all kinds of cooperation projects meet the actual situation and needs of the countries and regions where they are located. Only in this way can the cooperative projects be formulated and implemented safely and reliably, and can they really be conducive to interconnection and mutual benefit.

　　The so-called co-construction means that all parties to the cooperative construction should make concerted efforts and help each other in the same boat in the spirit of "having money, making strong contributions", making suggestions and offering skills. Moreover, all parties should make it clear that they should not only share development opportunities, but also jointly meet challenges, overcome difficulties, resolve contradictions and take risks. Only in this way can we build together.

　　The so-called sharing means that all the benefits and achievements of cooperative construction projects should be shared by all parties in accordance with the principle of fairness and justice, so that they can be in their proper place and benefit each other. All parties to the cooperation are equal partners, and we must not bully the weak with the strong and the small with the big, resulting in unreasonable and unfair sharing of benefits and achievements. In that case, it will violate the purpose and principle of the "Belt and Road" construction, and its cooperation will not be successful.

　　In short, the "Belt and Road" construction is not a "solo" by one country, but a "symphony" in which all countries and parties participate together; It is not a road where the interests of one country are exclusive, but a road where the interests of all countries are shared. In a word, the essence and essence of the "Belt and Road" construction lies in the word "common". Through joint discussion, joint construction and sharing, we will finally achieve the goal of win-win. This is also the biggest difference between the "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation and the unfair and unreasonable cooperation system and mechanism that existed in previous international exchanges.

　　It is believed that in the construction of the "Belt and Road", as long as we persist in focusing on the common aspirations and requirements of people of all countries in pursuing peace and development, adhere to the spirit of peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit, and adhere to the goal of building a community of human destiny and interests, and follow the principles of equality and mutual benefit for all countries, big or small, strong or weak, and discussing development plans, building development platforms and sharing development achievements. It can be fundamentally distinguished from the jungle law of "the law of the jungle" and the zero-sum game rule of "the winner takes all" that have existed for a long time in the international community, which will certainly be conducive to establishing a more just and reasonable new international political and economic order and creating a new face for world development and human civilization and progress. The "Belt and Road" construction advocated by China provides a new scheme and model for promoting the development of today’s world, improving international exchanges and global economic governance, and its "newness" lies in cooperation, joint construction and sharing.

　　Creative inheritance, application and development of oriental wisdom and historical wisdom of human society

　　In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader called on the people of all countries to make concerted efforts to build a community of human destiny and a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty. The core connotation of the idea of building a community of human destiny is to want peace instead of war, development instead of poverty, cooperation instead of confrontation, and win-win instead of single-win. This idea is also put forward on the basis of conforming to the historical trend, responding to the requirements of the times, reflecting the common aspirations of the people of the world and rallying the consensus of people of insight in various countries, which points out the direction for improving global governance and building a more just and rational new international order.

　　There is only one earth for mankind, and all countries coexist in one world. Today’s world is in a period of great development, great change and great adjustment. With the deepening of world political multipolarization, economic globalization, cultural diversity and social informatization, the economic, political, cultural and social ties of various countries and regions are unprecedentedly close, and dialogues and exchanges between different civilizations are increasingly frequent. Peace, development, cooperation and win-win are the aspirations of the people and the general trend. At the same time, the world is facing increasing uncertainty and instability, the process of world economic recovery is slow, the polarization between the rich and the poor is becoming increasingly serious, various frictions, conflicts and local wars occur from time to time, and global challenges such as terrorism, network security, population explosion, moral decline, transnational crime, resource shortage, environmental damage and major infectious diseases are increasingly prominent, and there is still a long way to go to promote the lofty cause of human peace and development. In the face of the profound and complicated international situation and unprecedented challenges, no country can be immune to it, and no country can deal with it alone. Only when people of all countries make concerted efforts to continuously explore and make use of all outstanding ideological and cultural achievements accumulated and being created by mankind, especially the enlightenment, wisdom and experience contained therein, can we jointly build a community of human destiny, effectively cope with and resolve challenges and problems, and thus create a bright future for world development and human civilization and progress.

　　The proposal of building a community of human destiny has a long and profound cultural heritage. An important ideological concept and a beautiful social ideal have been formed in Chinese civilization for a long time, which is "the world is public" and "the world is one". China’s pre-Qin historical classic "Book of Rites, Liyun" said: "The trip to the Avenue is also a public affair. … … It means Datong. " The so-called "the world is public" means that the world is not the world of one person, one family, one country and one nation, but the world shared by all people, all nationalities and all countries. Based on the essence of "the world is public", the ancient sages of China also put forward another important political thought, that is, the people-oriented principle of "the people are the foundation of the country" and "the people are the foundation". The so-called "people-oriented" is to advocate that social, economic, political and cultural affairs and the activities of governing the country should obey and serve the common interests of the people all over the world, so as to achieve "safety", "enrichment" and "joy". Jia Yi, a famous political commentator in the Western Han Dynasty, once said that a politician should "take the rich and happy people as merits and the poor people as sins". Of course, historical facts have repeatedly shown that,In the feudal society in which a few people ruled the majority in China’s history, the rulers did not and could not really implement the idea of "the world is public", the principle of "people-oriented" and the realization of "reassuring the people", "enriching the people" and "entertaining the people". However, as the ideological essence of Chinese traditional culture, the advanced political thoughts and the ideal of a beautiful society, which reflect the laws of the development and progress of human society, have been passed down.

　　The idea of "the world is public" and "the world is one" is not unique to Chinese culture and civilization, but also advocated and advocated by the cultures and civilizations of many countries and regions in the world. From Aristotle’s "human beings must live in harmony with each other" to the "cosmopolitanism" spirit advocated by European enlightenment scholars in the 18th century, and then to the "one world" advocated by former Indian Prime Minister Nehru; From the theory of "harmony" put forward by thinkers on the ancient Korean Peninsula to "everything is the best" advocated by islamic philosophy Thought; From China, India, Myanmar and other countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America to insist on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in handling international relations, to the establishment of the European Community and the European Union, and then to the establishment of the African Union, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the ASEAN Community, etc., the ideas of "the world is for the common good" and "the world is one" have been reflected from different angles, levels and degrees. It can be seen that the idea of "the world is public" and "the world is one" is the common historical wisdom and ideological essence created by people from all countries and regions in the world to promote the development of human society.

　　If these historical wisdom and ideological essence provide important historical enlightenment and historical basis for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative and the emergence of the concept of a community of human destiny, then the strong desire and the trend of the times of people all over the world to maintain lasting peace, practice win-win cooperation, promote common development and achieve common prosperity formed under the new international situation today are important practical basis and realistic motivation for this construction and concept. The historical experience of the development of human society and the progress of human civilization has repeatedly proved that all the inevitable products of history, once produced, will continue to open up the road of progress for themselves with invincible momentum and strength until they reach the other side of success and victory. This is independent of human will. It can be said that the great feat of building the "Belt and Road" and building a community of human destiny marks the beginning and arrival of a new historical era in the development of the world and the progress of human civilization.

　　(The author is President international confucian association)

The State Council general office government information Yu government affairs public office

On standardizing the government information disclosure platform

Notice of relevant matters

State Office Opening Letter [2019] No.61

General offices of the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and general offices (rooms) of ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

Article 24 of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the work of opening government information by relying on government portals, and make use of a unified platform for opening government information to release government information voluntarily. The government information disclosure platform should have the functions of information retrieval, consulting and downloading. " In order to better implement this provision, standardize the setting of government information disclosure platform, enhance the effectiveness of active disclosure and strengthen government information management, the following opinions are put forward:

First, find the right location

The government information disclosure platform is an open platform for releasing the statutory voluntary disclosure content and a management platform for strengthening the management of key government information. The contents of voluntary disclosure established in the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in People’s Republic of China (PRC), especially the common basic contents of administrative organs stipulated in Article 20, are the key government information that the public pays close attention to. It is necessary to firmly grasp the basic orientation of "special column surname", focus on the statutory voluntary disclosure content, and show the unique value of the government information disclosure platform with the release and management of specialized content, so as to make it an authoritative channel for the public to obtain key government information conveniently and comprehensively. The government information disclosure platform of various administrative organs is the basis for people’s governments at all levels to unify the government information disclosure platform, and it is necessary to unify the name and format and strengthen the standardization.

Second, unified norms

Government information disclosure platform, in principle, based on the existing columns of "government information disclosure" and "government affairs disclosure" on the websites of administrative organs, does not set up special columns, and may not set up special websites. If the column "Government Information Disclosure" is not set, or if there is a similar column but other names are used, it shall be uniformly set and named "Government Information Disclosure" and displayed on the homepage of the website. There is no separate website of the administrative organs, the government information disclosure platform settings, by the corresponding government information disclosure work departments to co-ordinate arrangements.

The content of the government information disclosure platform mainly consists of four parts. The first is the guide to government information disclosure. Second, the government information disclosure system, including the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on Government Information Disclosure, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations and rules on government information disclosure, and explanatory documents issued by the national government information disclosure department, does not include other institutional documents in principle. The third is the statutory voluntary disclosure of content, mainly based on the common basic content stipulated in Article 20 of the Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in People’s Republic of China (PRC). The fourth is the annual report on government information disclosure, in which the administrative organs disclose their annual reports on government information disclosure, the competent departments of government information disclosure disclose the annual reports on government information disclosure summarized by the government at the corresponding level or the system, and the annual reports on government information disclosure of their respective administrative organs. According to their actual situation, the administrative organs can add other contents stipulated in the Regulations of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Openness of Government Information, but it should not be too generalized.

According to the above requirements, the China Government Network Operation Center has designed a "reference scheme for page design of government information disclosure columns" for reference.

Third, optimize the function

The content published by the government information disclosure platform covers the basis and results of administrative organs in managing society and serving the public, and should be authoritative, accurate, comprehensive and easy to obtain and use. To optimize the page setting of columns, we should use lists, hyperlinks and other ways to present relevant content, so as to avoid being disorganized due to the large amount of information. It is necessary to optimize the column retrieval function to facilitate the public to obtain the needed government information quickly and accurately. It is necessary to optimize the download function of columns, enrich the downloadable formats, and prevent tampering and forgery through modern technical means. It is necessary to optimize the interconnection function of column data, reserve necessary data exchange interfaces, facilitate the docking between government information disclosure platforms at all levels, and lay a good foundation for the next step of building a unified national government information disclosure platform.

Fourth, pay attention to convergence

Some of the statutory voluntary disclosure contents released by the government information disclosure platform may overlap with other columns of the website of the administrative organ, such as the basis for performing duties and the introduction of the organ; Some of them may overlap with other special websites, such as administrative punishment information disclosed by various administrative organs and administrative punishment information in "National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System", government debt information disclosed by local governments at all levels and government debt information in "China Local Government Bond Information Publicity Platform". Attention should be paid to strengthening cohesion, insisting on data homology, data in other columns of the website of the administrative organ, and data provided by the administrative organ to other special websites according to law, which involve overlapping and duplication. In principle, the data on the government information disclosure platform should be used as a benchmark to maintain data consistency to the maximum extent.

V. Strengthening management

The statutory voluntary disclosure content released by the government information disclosure platform involves all aspects of the work of administrative organs and reflects the work dynamics of administrative organs. It is necessary to strengthen the management of the government information disclosure platform, and timely release and update the statutory voluntary disclosure content in real time according to the statutory time limit. To clarify the responsibilities, the leaders in charge of government information disclosure of administrative organs are the first responsible persons, and the government information disclosure agencies of administrative organs are the legal responsible subjects, responsible for promoting and coordinating the construction and management of government information disclosure platforms. The competent departments of government information disclosure should take the construction and management of government information disclosure platform as an important part of promotion, guidance, coordination and supervision.

The State Council general office government information Yu government affairs public office

November 29, 2019

Download attachment: reference scheme for page design of government information disclosure column

　　The picture shows the prosecutor distributing publicity materials to students at school.

　　(Reporter Tao Qiang correspondent Liu Zhenyu) "Is national security far from us?" "Will foreign spies turn against college students?"

　　On April 12th, on the occasion of the 6th National Security Education Day, the procurator of the First Branch of Tianjin Procuratorate walked into Tianjin University and gave a special lecture on the topic "National Security is Around You and Me" to enhance the national security awareness of college teachers and students, and to prevent and resolve the activities of rebellion, infiltration, subversion and sabotage abroad. Hundreds of teachers and students listened to the lecture through on-site and online meetings.

　　Prosecutors combined with many cases against college students handled by procuratorial organs in recent years, and gave a targeted lecture on the risk challenges facing China’s national security and the main contents of the overall national security concept. Especially in view of the fact that there are many engineering teachers and students in Tianjin University, and they have a large number of sensitive and cutting-edge technical information, which is easy to become the focus of foreign spy intelligence agencies, prosecutors have made suggestions on how to prevent counter-infiltration activities against foreign spies.

　　"I thought that national security was far away from us. I didn’t expect that the national security situation was more dangerous than we thought. We college students should be vigilant, enhance their awareness of the enemy and security, and raise their awareness of confidentiality in daily life, scientific research and online dating. Always tighten the string of national security." After the lecture, a student from Tianjin University Law School said.

　　In addition, the college also preached national security knowledge to campus teachers and students by setting up exhibition boards on campus, distributing brochures and giving on-site explanations, and provided short videos promoting national security for the school website for teachers and students to browse and learn.

　　In recent years, serious urban waterlogging disasters have occurred frequently in many large and medium-sized cities in China. Since 2000, there have been more than 200 urban waterlogging disasters in different degrees every year on average, which not only seriously affected the normal life order of cities, but also caused serious loss of life and property, which has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life.

　　The problem of frequent waterlogging in cities in China is the rapid expansion of city scale.

　　The frequent and serious causes of urban waterlogging disasters in China come from both natural and man-made aspects, but unreasonable social and economic activities are the main reasons for the frequent occurrence of urban waterlogging disasters in China, and the problems reflected by them are mainly the rapid expansion of urban scale.

　　First, the development mode of "above ground first, then underground" leads to the mismatch between the urban waterlogging prevention system and the modern urban development needs. China’s urbanization process is extremely rapid. In the process of the rapid rise of modern cities, due to the development mode of "above ground first, then underground", the drainage system is not up to standard, the city’s flood control and drainage capacity can’t keep up with the rapid development of cities, and the infrastructure, drainage pipe network and flood discharge facilities are not perfect. At the same time, due to poor management, aging and disrepair, pipe network blockage and other problems, the whole waterlogging prevention and control system is extremely incompatible with the development needs of modern cities.

　　Second, with the rapid urbanization process, the area of urban and rural construction land and the density of impervious surface have increased rapidly. The sharp increase of urban hardened area and the decrease of green area directly lead to the increase of storm runoff and the acceleration of confluence speed, thus increasing the risk of urban waterlogging disaster.

　　Third, "land finance" accelerates the reduction of land area with natural flood discharge and drainage function in some cities. Local development depends on "land finance" to a certain extent. In the process of transferring urban construction land, the more low-lying and waterlogged land developers are scrambling to get it, because the demolition is difficult and the investment recovery is fast. Some of the original natural lakes and ponds in the urban area were filled and rebuilt, ditches were blocked and occupied, and the original smooth natural drainage system was destroyed, resulting in the lack of its own drainage capacity within the city.

　　Therefore, the problem of urban waterlogging we are facing is much more difficult than that of developed countries. The prevention and control system of waterlogging in modern cities includes a whole set of systems such as source control, runoff process control and drainage terminal control, not just drainage. The lack of modern waterlogging prevention and control system in cities is not only the lack of pipe network construction, but also comprehensive means such as storage, detention, separation, infiltration and regulation, as well as a series of regulations and policy adjustments.

　　Foreign cities have also experienced a similar process, and gradually formed a "underground first, then above ground" urban construction and expansion model.

　　In fact, the urbanization process in developed countries in Europe and America has gone through a long period, and urban development and construction is also a process of gradual exploration and improvement. The government should plan and build a new urban area, give priority to infrastructure such as underground backbone pipe network, and complete the construction first, so that developers can only pay a good price when they buy land, and it is easy to use loans and financing to raise the initial investment in infrastructure construction, which makes it form the basic dynamic mechanism of the development model of "underground first, then on the ground" in the process of design and planning to urban construction in foreign cities.

　　Japan, South Korea and other countries have also experienced a very rapid stage of urbanization. At that time, it was difficult to avoid the development model of "above ground first, then underground", and they also suffered from frequent urban floods. Later, they all paid great efforts and costs for preventing urban floods.

　　To eradicate urban waterlogging, it is necessary to develop urban land in the mode of "planning first, then construction" and "underground first, then above ground", and at the same time actively promote the construction of sponge city.

　　First, attention must be paid to flood control and drainage in the urban planning and construction stage. To build a complete waterlogging prevention and control system, we should plan from three levels, one is river basin planning, the other is urban planning, and the third is community planning. Different levels of planning should solve different problems and explore their own reasonable and feasible solutions according to local conditions. Systematic planning of drainage facilities, combining water conservancy with municipal planning and design, planning of rainwater control and utilization of storage facilities from the source, rational planning of construction land, not arbitrarily burying and occupying areas with flood storage and drainage capacity such as existing internal rivers and ditches and ponds, minimizing the hardened area of the ground in road design, and increasing the green area by using infiltration pavement, which not only beautifies the environment, but also increases the infiltration and implication of rainwater.

　　The second is to develop urban land in strict accordance with the "underground first, then above ground" model. For the new urban development area, the way of building common ditches (water supply, gas supply, heating, power supply, oil supply, communication, network and drainage) is adopted to form the backbone drainage pipe network, and the development mode of "underground first, then above ground" should be promoted by legislation, and it is stipulated that the inherent discharge flow cannot be increased due to development.

　　The third is to accelerate the construction of sponge cities. Building a sponge city can improve the living environment, alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, reduce the urban heat island effect, reduce the losses caused by urban floods, and make the land effectively used in value. Realize the maximization of its economic, social and environmental benefits. The construction of sponge city should follow the principles of ecological priority, combine natural ways with artificial measures, realize the accumulation, infiltration and purification of rainwater in urban areas to the maximum extent, and promote the utilization of rainwater resources and ecological environment protection under the premise of ensuring the safety of urban drainage and waterlogging prevention. In the process of sponge city construction, we should coordinate the systematicness of natural precipitation, surface water and groundwater, coordinate all aspects of water supply and drainage, and consider its complexity and long-term nature.

　　International experience shows that the urbanization rate of population is 30-60%, which is a stage of rapid development of urbanization in a country or region, and the process in China is even more rapid. Under the background that there are too many debts in urban infrastructure construction in the early stage, the process of urbanization aggravating the flood risk is not over yet, and the pressure caused by the rapid economic development in the early stage continues to increase and the challenges continue to increase. It is of great significance to curb the frequent and serious situation of urban waterlogging disasters in China as soon as possible and control them well for the steady development and promotion of urbanization in China.

　　(Author: Industrial Layout Research Office of China Academy of Social Sciences)

Analysis on the Development of China’s Study Abroad Industry in 2019

With the economic globalization, China’s economic growth, the promotion of its international status and the greater pressure of domestic competition for schooling, the number of people studying abroad has also increased year by year. In 2018, the number of students studying abroad in China was 662,000, an increase of 8.88% year-on-year. It is estimated that the number of students studying abroad in 2019 will be around 710,000.

H1 In 2019, the United States and Britain are the main destinations for Chinese students studying abroad. In 2019, China’s overseas returnees’ intentional industries were mainly Internet /IT industries, and the development cities were mainly first-tier, new first-tier and second-tier cities. In 2019, 34% of Chinese returnees’ salaries were basically in line with expectations, and 44% were lower than expected.

1. The number of students studying abroad in China is increasing year by year. In 2019, the number of students studying abroad in China was nearly 710,000.

From 2013 to 2018, the number of Chinese students studying abroad increased year by year, and the growth rate fluctuated greatly. In 2018, the number of Chinese students studying abroad was 662,000, an increase of 8.88%. Among them, there are 30,200 public schools, 35,600 public schools and 596,300 students studying abroad at their own expense. It is estimated that the number of students studying abroad in 2019 will be around 710,000.

(Note: The growth rate of overseas students in 2017 was 11.76%)

2. In 2019, H1, the intention of Chinese students studying abroad to study in the United States and the United Kingdom is far ahead, and their intention to study abroad is higher than 40%.

In the first half of 2019, the United States had the highest intention of studying abroad, followed by Britain, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan and Germany. The intention of studying abroad in the United States and Britain was far ahead, with 43% and 41% respectively.

2. In 2019, the intentional industry of overseas returnees in China was mainly the Internet /IT industry.

In 2019, Internet /IT industry was the main industry for overseas returnees in China, with an entry intention of nearly 32.5%, followed by finance, finance, and overseas Chinese, with an entry intention of 11.40%, 10.60% and 9.70% respectively.

4. In 2019, China returnees mainly stayed in first-tier, new first-tier and second-tier cities.

In 2019, 37.5% of returnees in China intend to develop in first-tier cities, and 22.30% intend to develop in new first-tier cities.

5. In 2019, 34% of the returnees’ salaries in China basically met expectations, while 44% were lower than expectations.

In 2019, the salary of 34% returnees in China basically met expectations, an increase of 15% compared with 2018; There are 44% returnees whose salaries are lower than expected, down 5% from 2018.

For the above data and analysis, please refer to Forward-looking Industry Research Institute, and at the same time Forward-looking Industry Research Institute provides solutions for industry, industrial planning, industrial declaration, industrial park planning and industrial investment attraction.

Special topic: Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan

　　Resolutely win the tough battle of earthquake relief

　　-Interview with Secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, Director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, and the provincial "5? 12 "Liu Qibao, Commander of Earthquake Relief Headquarters.

　　Xinhuanet Chengdu, May 21st (Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Sanjun) On May 21st, it was nine days since the Wenchuan earthquake. How is the progress of earthquake relief work in Sichuan? What is the resettlement situation of the affected people? What are the difficulties and problems? What is the focus of the next disaster relief work? Around these problems, the reporter interviewed the secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, the director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, and the provincial "5? 12 "Liu Qibao, Commander of Earthquake Relief Headquarters.

　　Liu Qibao said that the disaster caused by the Wenchuan earthquake was enormous. According to preliminary statistics, the hardest hit area in Sichuan is about 100,000 square kilometers, involving 88 counties (cities, districts) and 1,204 townships, with a population of about 28 million. Among them, there are more than 20 counties (cities, districts) with a population of nearly 3.5 million.

　　Liu Qibao said that the losses caused by the Wenchuan earthquake were various and very heavy. The first is the huge casualties. As of 16: 00 on the 21st, the death toll has risen to 40,854, and the number of injured has reached 263,395. Secondly, the material loss is huge, a large number of houses have been destroyed, and infrastructure such as roads, railways, communications, water supply and power supply have been seriously damaged; In addition, the mental trauma of the people in the disaster area is also enormous. Thousands of families lost their loved ones in an instant, and thousands of people were injured and disabled in an instant.

　　Liu Qibao said that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the earthquake disaster in Sichuan, showed great concern for the people in the disaster areas, and exercised strong leadership over the disaster relief work. General Secretary Hu Jintao, Premier Wen Jiabao and other central leading comrades personally went to the disaster area to direct the earthquake relief work, which gave us great encouragement and encouragement. People all over the country, many countries and regions are supporting Sichuan in disaster relief, and they have also given us great material and spiritual support.

　　After the earthquake disaster, the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government organized cadres to rush to the front line of the disaster area at the first time, and organized all forces to save people. Saving people is the first priority. Secondly, we organize all forces to restore transportation, communications and related infrastructure as soon as possible to create conditions for further rescue; In addition, a large number of relief materials, including food, medicine and grain, were dispatched to the disaster-stricken areas to properly resettle the lives of the affected people; Organize rescue teams and medical personnel to enter the disaster area to rescue the buried and injured people.

　　Talking about the current progress of disaster relief, Liu Qibao said that from the current situation, the progress of disaster relief work is strong, orderly and effective, and significant progress has been made in disaster relief. Our various rescue forces have dug up more than 60,000 survivors from the ruins, and more than 187,000 wounded people have been treated in various hospitals, including hospitals in other provinces and cities, and tens of thousands of people have been hospitalized. At present, the society in the disaster area is stable, the disaster relief order is normal, and all the work is progressing smoothly.

　　At the same time, Liu Qibao said that the current disaster relief situation is very severe and the time is very urgent. At present, the main task is to put saving people first, including continuing to save the buried people and survivors from the ruins, and at the same time organizing enough forces to treat the wounded. The task of saving people as the first priority runs through the whole disaster relief.

　　Liu Qibao said that there is still an urgent task that has been put on the agenda, that is, to do a good job in resettling the people in the disaster areas. At present, millions of people have encountered great difficulties and are only temporarily resettled. The first priority of resettlement work is to ensure food. Now we are opening warehouses to release grain, and the supply of grain is sufficient. We are organizing emergency transportation to ensure that people have food and water to drink. The second thing that needs to be done urgently is to provide shelter for the affected people, so that they can settle down. We have organized a large number of tents and simple houses for resettlement. This work is in progress, and support from all sides is also great. But at present, tents are still very tight, and all forces are being mobilized. On the one hand, we are stepping up production, and on the other hand, we are bringing them in from outside. The third urgent thing to do is to do a good job in health and epidemic prevention. We have organized a large number of forces to carry out health and epidemic prevention work in disaster areas to prevent a major epidemic after the disaster.

　　Liu Qibao said that other resettlement work is also under way. We should pay special attention to the resettlement of earthquake orphans, the elderly, orphans and disabled people brought about by the disaster, so that they can get a good resettlement. These works are all under way. There is also a need to restore infrastructure, first of all, access. Some time ago, road traffic was damaged, which restricted the disaster relief work. Now, all the severely affected counties have resumed traffic, and the traffic in most towns and villages has basically resumed. The inaccessible places are still under emergency repair. Secondly, the work of ventilation, water supply and electricity supply can keep up and be restored as soon as possible.

　　Liu Qibao said that such a huge disaster can change mountains and rivers, interrupt roads and destroy houses, but it can’t destroy our strong determination in earthquake relief, help the people in the disaster area, and rebuild a beautiful new socialist home on the ruins. The whole party, the whole army and the people of the whole country have provided great selfless assistance to the earthquake relief in our province, but we must never wait, rely on and need it, and no matter how great the difficulties are, we can’t resist the hardworking and brave Sichuan people. We will use our own hands to help ourselves and rebuild our homeland!

　　Finally, Liu Qibao said with emotion that the people in the disaster area suffered hardships and suffered great losses from such a big natural disaster. To overcome this serious disaster, we need United strength, firm confidence and fearless courage! We are fully confident that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and with the support of the people of the whole country, we will unite as one and go all out to win the tough battle of earthquake relief.

Editor: Feng Ye

　　[Pacific Auto Network Car Channel] According to foreign media reports, a China citizen stopped suddenly in the middle of the highway during his vacation in the United States, and then accelerated, which almost caused a car accident. When the American police officer found out, he immediately drove a police car to signal the driver to pull over. However, the China driver, who did not understand the American traffic laws, continued to drive. So, the driver experienced a real version of Grand Theft Auto. After a thrilling high-speed chase (only a few minutes), the illegally driven car was stopped by the American police, and a family of three who were ordered to get off the bus was suddenly stunned because they were surrounded by the police holding a gun. & hellip; …

[California police and China tourists staged a life-and-death chase]

　　After some questioning, the police realized that they were tourists from China who were on vacation. They were not familiar with the traffic regulations in the United States, and they did not understand the police officers’ signal to pull over, which led to this thrilling oolong chase, so they were not punished later.

　　At that time, the husband and wife were with their children, and the boy cried when he saw this scene. An American police officer picked up the child and gave him a commemorative sticker from the police station. They also clapped their hands very lovingly, which eased the boy’s fear.

● Freeway parking = death

　　Why can’t you park on the highway at will? Let’s watch a video first:

　　You should know that no matter what the situation, in which country, you are not allowed to park on the expressway casually, and the cars on the expressway are driving at a very high speed. Once an accident happens, it is quite fatal. Although it is a cliche, there are still many people who disagree, and parking arbitrarily on the expressway will eventually lead to great harm to others and themselves. Moreover, in the United States, the speed of most roads is faster than that in China, and you know how dangerous it is to stop suddenly on the expressway with your toes.

● When driving in the United States, pay attention to whether there is a police car in the rear.

　　In the United States, if the police’s signal is not handled properly, it is easy to see the scene where the American police pull their guns at tourists. If we are driving in the United States, how can we get to know if the police are signaling you to pull over for inspection?

　　Police cars are not often seen on the roads in the United States. If they are encountered, they are mostly dealing with things. When the police intercept a vehicle, they usually just silently follow the vehicle and light up a warning light to signal the driver to park the car on the side of the road as soon as possible. If the driver doesn’t mean to stop, the police car will whistle to warn the driver to pull over. Turn on the direction light before parking, and pull over. After parking, the driverOpen all four windows to see the inside of the car, and put your hands on the steering wheel for the police to see;If there are other passengers in the car, they must keep calm and quiet, and don’t use excessive words and actions, waiting for the police to ask.

　　The police will explain to the driver why he stopped the car. In the meantime, don’t do anything superfluous and follow the instructions of the police officer.Never take the initiative to pull out your driver’s license, lest the police officer mistakenly think that he is pulling out his gun..

　　Summary:Vacation should be a beautiful thing. Don’t ruin your trip or even your family because you don’t understand the "rules". Although you may be "innocent if you don’t know" in front of the police, there is no room for anyone to bargain in front of death. Before traveling abroad, if you have friends who plan to drive by car, suggest, oh, not suggest, but be sure to know the local traffic rules in advance. Little homework can make your trip abroad more beautiful. (Text: Pacific Auto Network Chi Dongning)

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　

　　No China athlete wants to miss the Olympic Games at home. In order to participate in next year’s Beijing Olympic Games, those athletes who are hopeful but have no absolute strength should naturally try their best to attract the attention of all parties. However, if you carry a psychological burden because of this, there may be a result that is not worth the candle.

　　Peng bo, the champion of men’s 3m springboard in Athens Olympic Games, is such a case. On the afternoon of 24th of this month, peng bo, who wanted to prove himself too much, had an accident in the men’s 3m springboard preliminaries. He hit his right ankle hard on the springboard when he flipped in the short, and then he fell into the water, and finally withdrew from the competition due to injury.

　　Peng bo’s big mistake in jumping in Hefei may completely block his dream of next year’s Beijing Olympic Games. Peng bo’s success or failure is really in this jump? No one dares to draw a conclusion yet, but there is not much time left for him.

　　Under pressure, the action is deformed.

　　Peng bo’s unexpected action is 5353B (two and a half somersaults and one and a half bends) with a difficulty coefficient of 3.5, which he has used in the World University Games, military world games, Yantai Olympic trials and other competitions before. Judging from the quality of completion, the two international competitions are good, with scores above 80 points; Both Yantai before and Hefei this time made mistakes: first, they took off for the second time, and this time, their right feet crashed into the water.

　　After retiring from the competition, peng bo could feel that he was very disappointed, although he was calm on the surface. Liu Henglin, the coach, said when analyzing the reasons for peng bo’s defeat, "The rhythm was wrong when he walked out of the board. I felt that he found this problem, so he leaned back. As a result, the position of the whole board was not in place, and the center of gravity was too backward, which led to the foot hitting the springboard after flying."

　　Liu Henglin said that he had never had such a beating in his usual training, and 5353B had mastered it after one year’s training, which should not be a mistake caused by being unfamiliar. He analyzed that peng bo’s psychological instability had something to do with this problem. "He put too much pressure on himself and wanted to win the game too much. After all, he has fallen behind a lot in the competition with his teammates. In addition, when he came back from the military sports meeting, he immediately participated in the competition in Hefei, and he was physically tired. " Liu Henglin said.

　　Peng bo didn’t deny Liu Henglin’s statement. He admitted that this race, the Hefei race, was his best this year, but what he didn’t expect was to worry everyone. "I really hope that everyone can see a brand-new me at this sports meeting, but I didn’t expect it to backfire." Peng bo said so.

　　"nirvana" doesn’t seem so good.

　　Maybe even peng bo himself didn’t expect that the "trick" that he had been practicing hard for a long time would hurt himself.

　　Mention this 5353B, which is a "killer skill" that peng bo has been practicing hard since 2006, especially for the Beijing Olympic Games. There are 6 moves in this set, and the total difficulty coefficient is 19.9, which is only 0.3 lower than that of He Chong, the "king of difficulty". Since peng bo’s comeback, 5353B has really added a lot of luster to his achievements.

　　But in fact, as the "killing skill" that peng bo practiced hard, it is not a particularly big difficulty in the diving world today. Among the players in China, younger players such as He Chong and Qin Kai can easily finish it, and even many small players of local teams have practiced it. Even Wang Feng, who is also a veteran, can finish the 5353B easily, while foreign players, such as Canadian "golden boy" despatie, can also dance beautifully.

　　From this point of view, it seems that it is not a shortcut for peng bo to take part in the Beijing Olympic Games with the action of 5353B.

　　Injuries always like to haunt him

　　Injury, always seems to like dealing with peng bo.

　　After the Athens Olympic Games, peng bo’s physical condition has been unsatisfactory, especially the knee injury has been serious. In the past two years, peng bo has been absent from all major diving competitions and almost evaporated in the diving arena.

　　Apart from injuries, his sports career was not smooth sailing. In 1987, peng bo, who was sickly, was sent to Nanchang Sports School by his father to learn diving, just to strengthen his physique. However, with the gradual exposure of his athletic talent, he likes diving. In 1993, 12-year-old peng bo stood out from the Jiangxi diving team and was sent to the national team for trial training with another teammate. After three months of trial training, his teammate was left behind, but peng bo was returned. "I will come back again." When leaving the national team, peng bo said this. This incident dealt a great blow to peng bo. Since then, he has changed from passive training to active training, and hard training sometimes makes his parents feel distressed. Peng bo won all the gold medals in the men’s platform and springboard in the Jiangxi diving competition held in the following year. In 1998, peng bo finally re-entered the national team at the age of 17.

　　Although his career has suffered many setbacks, the strong Jiangxi man has not given up his Olympic dream. He said that he will try his best to participate in the Beijing Olympic Games next year and make unremitting efforts for the last Olympic Games. When talking about peng bo’s situation, Zhou Jihong, the leader of the China diving team, also said: "Fortunately, the injury is not very serious. peng bo’s career is full of ups and downs … Although suffering can help people grow up, it is too cruel for peng bo’s bumpy old future. “

　　Is success or failure really a jump here?

　　After careful examination, peng bo’s injury is not too serious, but this accident is likely to cast a shadow over peng bo’s Olympic prospects.

　　After peng bo’s accident, both Zhou Jihong, the leader of the China diving team, and Liu Henglin, the coach of peng bo, bluntly said, "Everyone knows that he wants to participate in the Beijing Olympic Games. The question now is, will such a major mistake cause peng bo greater psychological pressure in the future?"

　　Judging from the selection of the Olympic Games, the diving Olympic trials are divided into five stops. Hefei is the last stop this year, and there will be two more next year. After the five stops, those with the top six points in the Olympic trials will enter the Olympic selection list. Peng bo missed the Melbourne World Championships due to injury this year, which means he missed the first stop of the trials. In the second national championship, he made a mistake of taking off twice in the first round and finally won the eighth place. There was an accident of accidental injury in Hefei Station. It can be said that peng bo has not made any achievements in the Olympic trials so far, and now peng bo will have to rest and stop training, and the prospects are bleak.

　　In the competition within the team, compared with Qin Kai and He Chong, peng bo has no advantage in terms of potential or the results of trials. Peng Boxin’s new action 5353B can’t be compared with He Chong’s. He Chong’s most difficult action can already jump out of the 5353b with a difficulty coefficient of 3.9. Qin Kai, which won this year’s World Championship, is also world-class.

　　However, when talking about whether peng bo has basically lost the qualification to compete for the Olympic Games, Zhou Jihong, deputy director of the swimming center and leader of the diving team, said that the candidates could not be decided before the trials were all over.

　　Jumping on the board hurts a lot.

　　On November 21st, 2001, in the women’s 3m springboard synchronized final of the 9th National Games, Li Rongjuan, a Guangdong athlete, slammed her head on the springboard because she took off too close to the board in the last movement. Later, Li Rongjuan was taken to the hospital for emergency treatment. Fortunately, the injury was not serious.

　　In the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, American star louganis hit his head on the springboard and was injured in the men’s 3m springboard preliminaries. However, he went to the 10-meter platform with injury, and the image of "man of iron" with bandages on his head touched the referee. In the end, he defeated China teenager Xiong Ni and won the championship.

　　In April, 1999, in the National Diving Championship held in Jinan, xiao hailiang, a famous Hubei athlete, slammed his head on the springboard when he was doing the backward somersault for three and a half times in the men’s 3m springboard final, and he lost consciousness on the spot, fell into the water and immediately became bloody in the pool.

　　In the 2005 World Championships, Chelsea Davis, a 17-year-old girl from the United States, hit her head on the springboard and fell face down into the water. Blood flowed out of her nose. The coach immediately jumped into the water and rescued her and took her to the hospital. Fortunately, Chelsea’s injury is not serious, only a few stitches on the bridge of the nose.

　　In the National Games in 2005, Wu Minxia hit the board during his fall because of his poor take-off, and as a result, he was deformed and plunged into the water. Wu Minxia also missed the championship.

　　Resume of peng bo

　　Date of birth: February 18, 1981

　　Place of birth: Nanchang, Jiangxi

　　Height: 165 cm

　　Weight: 62kg

　　Registered unit: PLA

　　Major achievements

　　Champion of synchronized 3m springboard in 2001 World Championships

　　Runner-up and team champion of 3 m springboard in 2002 World Cup

　　3 m springboard synchronized champion in 2002 Asian Games

　　Runner-up in 3-meter springboard in 2003 World Championships

　　In the 2004 World Cup, he won the 3-meter springboard synchronized champion and placed third in the individual.

　　3 m springboard champion in 2004 Olympic Games

　　Biography of characters

　　Peng bo entered Nanchang Children’s Palace to practice gymnastics at the age of 5. At the age of 6, he went to Nanchang Sports School to learn swimming, then practiced diving and joined Jiangxi Sports Team. In July, 1995, after hard training, peng bo was selected by the People’s Liberation Army Bayi Engineering Team. In 1998, peng bo entered the national team. After winning the gold medal in the 2004 Olympic Games, peng bo was regarded as another springboard genius after Xiong Ni.

Editor: Shuo Yang

　

　　First, the specification and practice status of contract concurrence

　　Contract concurrence means that several contracts are "combined without losing their individuality", that is, according to the intention of the parties, multiple contracts are combined with a certain dependency, and the effectiveness of one contract depends on the effectiveness of another contract. When several contracts form a joint contract, if one contract is not established, invalid, cancelled or dissolved, the other contract shall share its fate.

　　Contract concurrence is a new form of contract created to meet the different interests of the parties, which is gradually fixed and typed with the transaction form. For example, the provisions on financial leasing contracts in the Contract Series of the Civil Code continue the contents of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Applicable Legal Issues in the Trial of Disputes over Financial Leasing Contracts (hereinafter referred to as the Judicial Interpretation of Financial Leasing Contracts). According to Article 754 of the Civil Code, when the sales contract concluded between the lessor and the seller is dissolved, confirmed as invalid or revoked, and the sales contract cannot be re-concluded, the lessor or lessee may dissolve the financial lease contract, that is, the financial asset sales contract and the financial asset lease contract shall share the same fate in effect. Another example is the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Disputes over Commercial Housing Sales Contracts (hereinafter referred to as the Judicial Interpretation of Commercial Housing Sales Contracts), which stipulates that the purpose of the commercial housing secured loan contract cannot be achieved because the commercial housing sales contract is confirmed to be invalid or cancelled or dissolved, and the parties request to dissolve the commercial housing secured loan contract, which should be supported, that is, the commercial housing sales contract and the commercial housing loan contract constitute a contract.

　　In addition to these two judicial interpretations, there are few provisions on the application of the law of simultaneous contract in both legislation and judicial interpretation. In judicial practice, it is extremely difficult to prove that the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved, which is too time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the theory of simultaneous contract can solve disputes more efficiently. According to the relevant judgment documents of China Judgment Document Network, it can be seen that many judges at all levels directly use the theory of simultaneous contract to judge the validity of contracts in their judgments. Moreover, the special judgment rules of contract union are not only embodied in the entity, but also reflected in the procedure. Many judges believe that when several contracts constitute contract union, they should be tried in one case, otherwise the rights and obligations of all parties cannot be clarified. However, at present, the trial ideas of local courts for such disputes have not been unified. In view of this, the judicial determination standard of "simultaneous contract" needs to be clarified.

　　Second, the judicial judgment standard of contract simultaneous.

　　1. The number of contract texts should not be used as a criterion for judging the contract. According to the general theory of academic circles, contracts can be divided into typical contracts and atypical contracts. Nineteen typical contracts stipulated in the Civil Code mainly focus on single transaction and single contract. Modern social and economic exchanges are becoming more and more frequent, and the transaction forms are becoming more and more complicated. Sometimes, the parties have to create new types of contracts in addition to the legal contract types to meet different interests, and atypical contracts have emerged. Atypical contracts can be divided into three types: pure atypical contracts, simultaneous contracts and mixed contracts. Mixed contract and contract combination are quite different from typical contracts that adjust the relationship between a single transaction and a single contract. Mixed contract is still a contract in essence, while contract combination is a combination of several contracts. It can be seen that the number of contractual relationships is very important to judge whether it is a typical contract, a mixed contract or a contract.

　　However, judging the number of contracts cannot be based on the number of contract texts signed by the parties in form. Even if there is only one contract text, it is possible to establish a joint contract. Take the contract of second-hand housing sales contract and intermediary contract as an example. The model of second-hand housing sales contract adopted by many intermediary companies in the market is that the buyer, the seller and the intermediary company agree on the content of second-hand housing sales and the contract of intermediary remuneration and service content in one contract text. Although these two types of contracts are signed in one contract text, although they are two different contractual relationships, Each of them has independent functions of establishing, changing or terminating the relationship of civil rights and obligations, but both of them have an integrated trading function in economy, and their contractual effectiveness affects each other. The invalidity and cancellation of one contract will inevitably affect the effectiveness of the other contract. Therefore, the second-hand housing sales contract and the intermediary contract constitute a joint contract, and the number of contract texts does not affect whether it constitutes a joint contract.

　　2. There is "economic integrity" among several contracts. After searching the China Judgment Document Network, it can be seen that at present, there are the following types of cases in which courts at all levels determine that several contracts constitute a contract: the contract consisting of a commercial housing sales contract and a hotel entrusted management contract; Second-hand housing sales contract and intermediary contract constitute the contract; The contract formed by the commercial housing sales contract and the secured loan contract is simultaneous; The contract formed by the financial loan contract and the pledge supervision contract is simultaneous; The contract formed by the vehicle affiliated contract and the vehicle sales contract is simultaneous; The contract composed of private lending contract and assignment guarantee contract is simultaneous; The contract of consumer contract and credit contract is simultaneous.

　　There is a great difference between contract union and master and slave contracts. Several contracts in contract union have the independence of a single contract, and their establishment and entry into force are not dependent on the master contract as the establishment and entry into force of slave contracts. It is not difficult to see from the main types of simultaneous contracts summarized above that these types all have the common characteristics of integrity for economic purposes. From the perspective of simultaneous contracts, although many contracts may not be unified with each other, and the legal nature of each single contract is also different, no matter from the form of contract signing, the content of contract agreement and the actual way of performance, several contracts are actually mutually conditional and interrelated, and their rights and obligations are inseparable. That is to say, even though the contracts that form a joint contract are independent of each other and their purposes are very different, they all have a common direction and an intention to make one of them better realized.

　　For example, in 53 cases of disputes over pre-sale contracts of commercial housing between Chen Mou et al., judged by Chengdu Intermediate People’s Court and Chengdu Upper Celebrity Investment Company, and in 16 cases of disputes over housing lease contracts between Cheng Moumou et al., judged by Guangyuan Intermediate People’s Court of Sichuan Province and Guangyuan Xinghe Construction Company, the courts all held that although the parties who signed Commercial Housing Sales Contract, Decoration renovation contract and Hotel Entrustment Management Contract were inconsistent, these contracts were integrated in economy, so they were considered to constitute contracts. In the transaction mode of these property-based shops, the rights and obligations of several contracts signed by buyers and developers or affiliated enterprises are inseparable, which jointly realize that buyers purchase houses, and then hand them over to sellers or affiliated enterprises for unified management based on the purchased houses, so as to obtain investment income (actually rent), and developers realize the purpose of obtaining profits from all aspects of the transaction through several closely related contracts. In this kind of transaction, the direct dependence of several contracts and the resulting overall transaction function have been quite objective and typed, which is convenient for judicial practice to clarify the formation of simultaneous contracts through contract interpretation.

　　However, it should be noted that in judicial practice, the term economic integrity is abstract and difficult to judge. The author believes that whether there is economic integrity can be judged from whether there is any correlation between the signing of various contracts. Specifically, taking the Judicial Interpretation of Financial Leasing Contract and the Judicial Interpretation of Commercial Housing Sales Contract as an example, these two judicial interpretations stipulate that the dissolution of one contractual relationship will affect the dissolution of another contractual relationship, on the basis that the parties sign several contracts in order to better realize the main purpose of one of them. If the lessor and the seller sign a sales contract for the financial lease item, it is to realize the lease contract between the lessor and the lessee, and the subject matter of the lease contract is also the subject matter of the sales contract, and the subject matter of the sales contract is selected according to the requirements of the lessee in the lease contract. Another example is that in the contract formed by the commercial housing sales contract and the loan contract, the purchaser borrows money from the bank to pay the final payment of the house, which is also for the smooth performance of the commercial housing sales contract. For another example, in the case where the contract of second-hand house sales and purchase is combined with the intermediary contract, unless the buyer and the intermediary signed an agreement to provide intermediary services, the buyer would not sign a house sales contract with the seller in the service provided by the intermediary.

　　In a word, the purpose of contract simultaneous is to finally realize an overall trading function through the trading chain of several contracts. In order to protect the interests of the parties, judicial practice began to make greater efforts to approach the original features of various transactions in economic practice and the interests of the parties behind them, and clarified some cases of joint contracts through typology and even legislation. Therefore, when trying the disputes of contract association which are not specified in detail in the Civil Code, we can explore the true meaning of the parties in contract association according to the penetrating trial thinking required in the Minutes of the Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference of the National Court. We should not only pay attention to the independence of the rights and obligations of each contract, but also distinguish the relationship between several contracts that constitute the contract association and the economic integrity, so as to solve the disputes between the parties as soon as possible, effectively reduce the litigation burden of the parties and save judicial resources.

　　(Author: Southwest University of Political Science and Law)

[Original of Truck House] "Blue brand", "big ton and small label" and "light truck is not light". In recent months, light trucks are undoubtedly at the forefront, and it is even more "dilemma" for a group of users who are ready to replace new cars or buy new cars. Some people say that since they can only pull one or two tons, it is better to buy them. Is that really the case?

These may be reasonable, but they are not applicable to all transportation environments. The most fundamental problem and the core problem still lies in our own "car demand". Today, let’s discuss whether the "violent micro-card" is slightly better or the "compliant light card" is superior.

"One move is fresh, eat all over the sky", obviously this model is no longer suitable for the current logistics era. Behind the high efficiency of transportation, it must reflect the progress of the times and the continuous upgrading of logistics equipment. The appearance of many models such as "City Matching Star", "Basement Edition" and "City Matching Edition" highlights an indisputable fact-the most suitable one is the best.

In the camp of small trucks, in fact, we ignore a model with a wheelbase of 2800mm, which is generally called model, which is slightly smaller than the common 4 m 2 light truck, and it is between micro-truck and light truck. Its advantages lie in its light weight, large cargo capacity, and its body shape is suitable for walking around the streets, so it is favored by users engaged in urban and rural transportation industry, with a wide range of uses and an expanding market.

If you usually transport goods with high density, small volume and heavy weight, you can choose large and small trucks with rear two-wheel design, which can have a load space of about 2 tons.

Although, under today’s regulations, large and small truck models have good load capacity, they are not suitable for all transportation scenarios. Imagine, if express delivery, plastics and furniture are the main transportation needs, then large containers must have absolute advantages, but the demand for load capacity has weakened a lot. Load is definitely not the only criterion to measure the quality of a car.

In addition, more importantly, the internal width of the cab of micro-truck and small-truck models is basically less than 1600mm, and it can only take two people. If I remember correctly, according to the requirements of GB7258, the internal width of the cab is ≥1650mm to carry three people. Undoubtedly, most single-row minicards have no advantage in terms of passengers.

Then, if you usually transport light goods, prefer to pursue cargo volume and large containers, and occasionally need to bring two passengers, it is recommended to choose a standard light truck with a landing weight of 2.5-2.8 tons. At present, many standard blue light trucks on the market, including, and Hyundai, can meet this demand.

2019 is a crucial year for the country’s economic transformation, and the slowdown in economic growth has become an invisible barrier. It is an industry consensus to reduce costs and increase efficiency. To put it more bluntly, all industries must also increase revenue and reduce expenditure and save money.

Of course, the less you drive, the more you earn. Judging from the economic aspect, the purchase cost of gasoline micro-card may be relatively low, but the operating cost is relatively high. After all, the oil price per liter in 7 yuan is not cheap. If your transportation route is relatively fixed and the transportation distance is not far, you can choose a single-fuel CNG vehicle or a dual-fuel vehicle.

We may wish to recall that in recent years, the price of gasoline, diesel or LNG fluctuated greatly and rose to varying degrees, but the price of CNG fuel for vehicles remained within 4 yuan. Because the price of CNG gas is closely related to municipal transportation, people’s livelihood projects and civil gas, this is the dividend brought by the policy.

Lvtong transportation requires higher reliability of vehicles, and at the same time, it also requires strict self-weight of vehicles. Previously, many high-speed highways issued relevant management regulations, and once the green traffic is overweight, it will no longer enjoy high-speed toll reduction and discount and other related policies.

Therefore, for card friends who mainly transport green link, they can choose small truck models, which can generally have 2 tons of cargo space and have a good cargo compartment size. In addition, it is suggested to choose the warehouse and cargo compartment for the convenience of toll station inspection, and at the same time, it is more convenient for the ventilation and cooling of Lutong goods to avoid deterioration or damage.

If you happen to be in a first-tier city such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, congratulations, you can jump directly to the urgency of defending the blue sky.

Judging from the current national conditions,The government pays more and more attention to the environmental pollution caused by automobile PM2.5 emissions.In the first-tier provincial capitals and developed areas, the restrictions and environmental protection measures in urban areas will be continuously upgraded. The restriction of road rights is a gap that urban vehicles have to cross. Obviously, new energy vehicles have absolute advantages in road rights, but it should be noted that pure electric vehicles are only suitable for the transportation of light-bubble goods and are not suitable for guerrilla warfare because of the battery pack.

At this stage,In addition to traditional energy sources, domestic new energy sources have sprung up, foreign new energy technologies are eyeing up, and hydrogen energy is restricted by technical bottlenecks. In the future, the living soil for pure electric and CNG is still relatively fertile.

After the light truck is not light and the empty car is overloaded, the blue brand light truck is undoubtedly in an embarrassing situation. Therefore, it is reasonable for many card friends to spit out the reason why buying light trucks is not as good as micro-cards. However, the times are always changing, and everything can’t be decided singly. The load is definitely not the only advantage of light trucks.

In today’s era,Taking advantage of the situation is the right way.It is safest to choose a car according to your various needs. (Text/Tu Zusheng)