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Understanding the dual nature of capital and giving full play to its positive role.

□ Zhao Jufang, Shanxi Coal Transportation and Marketing Company

To develop the socialist market economy, we must deepen our understanding of the law of capital operation, not only deeply understand the profit-seeking and greed of capital, but also give full play to the positive role of capital in promoting social progress.

First, the dual characteristics of capital

Marx elaborated on the essence of capital. It is pointed out that capital has two characteristics: one is the profit-seeking and greed of capital, and the other is the enthusiasm and promotion of social progress.

When revealing the profit-seeking and greed of capital, Marx pointed out that capital is the value that brings surplus value. "Producing surplus value or making money is the absolute law of this mode of production." Capital will never give up the pursuit of surplus value, and its basic nature is profit-seeking. Marx had such an incisive exposition on capital, "once there is a proper profit, capital will be bold." If there is a 10% profit, it is guaranteed to be used everywhere; With a profit of 20%, it will become active; With a profit of 50%, it will take risks; For 100% profit, it dares to trample on all human laws; With a profit of 300%, it dares to commit any crime, even risking its head. " The profit-seeking and greedy nature of capital runs through the whole development history of capitalism. In the early days of primitive accumulation of capital and capitalist development, profit-seeking and greed depended on squeezing the surplus labor of workers, even at the expense of colonial plunder by means of war. "When capital came into this world, blood and dirty things flowed from every pore.". As far as today’s world is concerned, almost no developed country has prospered purely by the development of the so-called democratic system, but has completed the primitive accumulation of capital by early colonial plunder, and built the "maturity" of a few capitalist countries with the blood and sweat of others. What is capitalism? In short, regarding capital as doctrine and superstitious about the profit-seeking instinct of capital, the core is self-interest. The recent Wall Street financial crisis has fully revealed that the extreme capital will inevitably lead to a crisis with great destructive power.

While discussing the greed of capital, Marx also pointed out the positive side of capital in promoting social progress: the emergence of capital is a great historical progress relative to the hierarchical society, because it has a powerful driving force to promote social expansion and reproduction. The pursuit of profit by capital promotes the development of production, stimulates people’s enthusiasm for obtaining benefits and stimulates people’s consumption; The free flow of capital has changed personal attachment, increased social vitality and developed productive forces. "The productive forces created by the bourgeoisie in its less than 100-year class rule are more than all the productive forces created by all generations in the past.". To develop market economy, we should make full use of the positive side of capital in promoting social progress, which is also proved by the great achievements of China’s socialist market economy.

Second, correctly understand and grasp the dual nature of capital and promote the healthy development of economy and society.

To develop the socialist market economy, we can neither engage in capital superstition nor fall into capital fear; It is necessary to recognize and respect the value of capital, make full use of the function of capital that is conducive to the development of productive forces, and give full play to the positive role of capital, and also deeply understand the profit-seeking and greed of capital. Don’t just follow capital, don’t be a vassal of capital, and prevent the disorder of capital.

In his speech at Cambridge University, Premier Wen Jiabao highlighted the importance of reflection on the global financial crisis. He pointed out that the once-in-a-century financial crisis left the world with heavy thoughts, and the current economic system and economic theory should be deeply reflected. For example, "an unregulated market economy is doomed to fail", "a real market-oriented reform will never put the market mechanism in opposition to the national macro-control", "the relationship between financial innovation and financial supervision, the relationship between virtual economy and real economy, and the relationship between savings and consumption must be handled well" and so on. Wen Jiabao emphasized that real economic theory will never conflict with the highest ethical standards. Economic theory should represent justice and honesty, and promote the well-being of all people equally, including the most vulnerable people.

The market does have high efficiency in optimizing the allocation of resources, but while optimizing the allocation of resources, it has its own insurmountable problems of "market defects" or "market failure", which objectively needs to be compensated or corrected by the "tangible hand" of the government. At the same time, the theory of modern market economy also tells us that when the "invisible hand" of the market can’t make the economic operation automatically reach the equilibrium state, the government must use the "tangible hand" to make it restore the equilibrium state as much as possible. In other words, the role of the market is limited, and the government plays an important role in the operation of the market economy. Macro-control of the economy by the government is also the inherent requirement of the market economy. The "invisible hand" of the market and the "visible hand" of the government are internally unified, complementary and mutually promoting, which together constitute the essential characteristics of the socialist market economy. From this point of view, in the process of building a socialist market economy, we can neither blindly worship the "market omnipotence theory" nor exclude the role of the government in the development of the market economy; We should not be overly superstitious about "government omnipotence" and belittle the role and efficiency of market mechanism in resource allocation. On the basis of fully respecting the market rules and giving full play to the market mechanism, China has retained the macro-control function of the government on the economy, thus organically combining the superiority of the market economy with the superiority of the socialist system, and finally finding a market economy development model in Socialism with Chinese characteristics that is superior to the capitalist market economy development model.

The successful practice of China’s economic development shows that the market economy is an effective way to allocate resources. Based on the market mechanism to allocate resources, the state uses necessary macro-control means, which is more conducive to promoting stable and healthy economic development and can effectively avoid economic ups and downs. For example, in the Asian financial crisis in 1997, China successfully applied macro-control measures to effectively resist the impact of the Asian financial crisis on China’s economy, thus maintaining the situation that China’s economy is "outstanding" in Asia and even the world. However, we must admit that under the condition of market economy, due to the profit-seeking and exclusive competition of market players, sometimes the micro-interests of the market will damage the macro-interests of the country and the public. For example, in recent years, some real estate developers and investors have conspired to drive up the house prices to seek excess profits, and many brands and batches of milk powder such as Sanlu milk powder have been found out, which shocked the Chinese people. In recent years, food safety and quality crises have appeared many times, which not only endangered public safety, caused injuries and deaths, but also disrupted social order, affected people’s lives and shaken public trust. In this case, the government should do a good job in macro-control and strengthen supervision to protect the fundamental interests of investors and the people and safeguard the healthy development of the socialist market economy.

To develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s market economy, we must fully understand and grasp the dual nature of capital, and organically combine the government’s macro-control of the market with the market’s micro-allocation of resources, that is, the organic combination of the "visible hand of the government" and the "invisible hand of the market". Only by fully realizing that both the market and the government have their own advantages and disadvantages in leading economic development, and dialectically "sublating", discarding the false and retaining the true, can the healthy development of the socialist market economy be promoted by absorbing the advantages of the market mechanism in improving the efficiency of resource allocation, and absorbing the advantages of the government in allocating public resources and saving market transaction costs and maintaining fair and orderly market development.

　　On 16th, a spokesman for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was authorized to announce sanctions against Xiao Meiqin, Gu Lixiong, Chi chang Tsai, Ke Jianming, Lin Feifan, Chen Jiaohua, Wang Dingyu and other "Taiwan independence" diehards on the list.

　　These names are not unfamiliar to people who have long been concerned about cross-strait relations and Taiwan Province news. They belong to different political parties and have different roles, but they have always performed all kinds of "Taiwan independence" words and deeds for personal gain or political power, and have accumulated countless misdeeds in tearing apart the emotional and cultural ties between civil society on both sides of the strait.

　　Here are some examples for your readers to see if the title of "Taiwan independence" diehards is "worthy of the name".

　　Xiao Meiqin:

　　The so-called "representative in the United States" of the Democratic Progressive Party authorities used to be the "director of the international department" and "legislator" of Democratic Progressive Party, and was regarded as one of the behind-the-scenes promoters of Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan Province, and secretly connected the international anti-China forces for the Democratic Progressive Party authorities.

　　Xiao Meiqin worked for Democratic Progressive Party during Chen Shui-bian’s administration. After being appointed as the "representative in the United States" in June 2020, Xiao Meiqin tried her best to spread the fallacy of "Taiwan independence", clamoring for "joining the United Nations in the name of Taiwan Province", questioning and challenging the UN General Assembly resolution 2758, speculating on the so-called "Taiwan Province’s representation" and advocating participation in international organizations in the name of "Taiwan Province". In order to create "one China, one Taiwan" and carry out separatist activities, Xiao Meiqin changed the profile of social platform account from "Taipei Representative in the United States" to "Taiwan Province Ambassador in the United States".

　　She spared no effort to hook up with American politicians, undermine the stability of the Taiwan Strait and act as an anti-China "chess piece", which can be said to be one of the initiators of the current tension. Evaluating this man is not only "loyal" to Democratic Progressive Party, but also humble to the United States and hypocritical to the people of Taiwan Province.

　　The picture shows Xiao Meiqin, the so-called "representative in the United States" of the Democratic Progressive Party authorities. Image source: United News Network.

　　Gu Lixiong:

　　Secretary-General of the "Security Conference" of Democratic Progressive Party authorities, former "Queen’s Lawyer" of Chen Shui-bian, successively served as the first chairman of the "Non-partition legislator", "Improper Party Property Handling Committee" and "Financial Management Committee" of Taiwan legislature, and was regarded as an important thug for Democratic Progressive Party to eradicate dissidents on the island.

　　The "Security Conference" is an important advisory body for the Democratic Progressive Party authorities to handle cross-strait relations and US policies. Secretary-General Gu Lixiong is directly responsible to Tsai Ing-Wen.

　　In recent years, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities’ so-called policy direction of "resisting China’s defense against Taiwan" and "seeking independence by relying on the United States" mostly comes from this organ.

　　In September, 2021, Gu Lixiong and Joseph Wu, who had long been listed as "Taiwan independence" diehards and head of foreign affairs department of Democratic Progressive Party authorities, visited the United States and plotted to change the name of "Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office" to "Taiwan Representative Office". This move was frustrated by the exposure of foreign media. Since Democratic Progressive Party came back to power in Taiwan, Gu Lixiong has served in a wide range of departments, and is regarded as a key promoter of Taiwan-US ties, especially military ties.

　　Chi chang Tsai:

　　Taiwan’s "legislator" and vice president of the "Legislative Yuan". He was the director-general of the "Flat Friends Association" in Taichung County, and supported Chen Shui-bian’s proposal of "constitution by referendum".

　　Chi chang Tsai once expressed his support for the development of cross-strait economic and trade relations. In 2005, he also visited the mainland on the issue of Taiwanese businessmen. In 2012, he became the first person from Democratic Progressive Party to open an account in Weibo. At that time, he expressed his hope to hear the voice of the mainland people.

　　In 2016, Chi chang Tsai was elected as the vice president of the "Legislative Yuan" of the Taiwan authorities, and since then he has repeatedly made provocative remarks on cross-strait issues. In February 2020, Chi chang Tsai and others advocated adjusting cross-strait discourse with the so-called "Taiwan Province of the Republic of China", which was criticized by the Taiwan Affairs Office. In August this year, Chi chang Tsai was responsible for receiving Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan’s legislature. In the meantime, he was interviewed by Taiwan Province media, saying that he wanted to deepen the so-called "-US relationship" and advocated that Taiwan Province was a "sovereign and independent country".

　　In addition, Chi chang Tsai has been identified as the candidate for the mayor of Taichung City in the year-end "Nine in One" election launched by Democratic Progressive Party.

　　The picture shows Chi chang Tsai, the "legislator" and vice president of the "Legislative Yuan" of Taiwan authorities. Image source China Times News Network.

　　Ke Jianming:

　　Democratic Progressive Party, the founder of the Party, party member, has been "serving" in Taiwan’s legislature for nearly 30 years. He is currently the general convener of Democratic Progressive Party’s "Legislative Yuan" party group and is regarded as the "Machiavellian" of the Party in manipulating various legislations.

　　In 2013, in consideration of Democratic Progressive Party’s return to power, Ke Jianming participated in throwing out the theory of "freezing Taiwan independence’s party program", which won many positive responses from peace-loving people on both sides of the strait. However, in less than a year, an anti-service trade movement broke out in Taiwan Province, and Ke Jianming called on his fellow legislators to "watch the door" for the Sun Flower students who rushed into the Legislative Yuan, which caused great damage to the healthy development of cross-strait relations.

　　After Democratic Progressive Party returned to power in 2016, Ke Jianming became more and more famous as "Taiwan independence". In 2019, Ke Jianming repeatedly slandered the mainland and the Hong Kong SAR government by using Hong Kong’s "case-amending storm". He constantly hyped the so-called "security" issue, called legislators from the same party to push the so-called "five security laws" and "reverse osmosis law", purged political opponents on the island, stigmatized groups opposed to Democratic Progressive Party and Taiwan independence, and dealt a heavy blow to normal non-governmental exchanges between the two sides of the strait.

　　Lin Feifan:

　　Deputy Secretary-General Democratic Progressive Party. Lin Feifan, born in 1988, is the youngest "Taiwan independence" die-hard who has been listed by the mainland at present, and has a strong incitement ability among the younger generation in Taiwan Province.

　　In 2013, Lin Feifan was interviewed and claimed to "advocate Taiwan independence". In the "Anti-Service Trade" movement in 2014, as one of the main instigators, he acted as a "Depth Charge" that hindered cross-strait economic exchanges. After returning to Taiwan from overseas in July 2019, he joined Democratic Progressive Party and served as the party’s deputy secretary-general.

　　Regarding Pelosi’s flight to Taiwan, Lin Feifan claimed that it was "substantial progress in Taiwan-US relations" and played up the mainland’s "security threat" to Taiwan.

　　The picture shows Lin Feifan, Deputy Secretary-General of Democratic Progressive Party. Image source: United News Network.

　　Chen Jiaohua:

　　Taiwan independence is also the party chairman of the political group Time Force. Founded in 2015, as an extreme "Taiwan independence" force after the "anti-service trade" movement, the party once became the third largest political party in Taiwan’s legislature.

　　"Time Power" spared no effort in obstructing cross-strait exchanges. It advocates promoting the "normalization of national status" in Taiwan Province, and manipulates issues such as participating in the World Health Assembly, the United Nations General Assembly and regular "mutual visits" between officials from Taiwan and the United States in the name of "Taiwan Province". The "power of the times" and Democratic Progressive Party have used each other for a long time, encouraging "independence" to gain political interests.

　　In May this year, Chen Jiaohua, as the chairman of the "Time Power" party, slandered the mainland in the name of "human rights"; In the name of rejecting the "cultural united front", Democratic Progressive Party authorities were asked to ban mainland publications and film and television works from entering Taiwan Province.

　　The picture shows Chen Jiaohua, the "legislator" of the Taiwan authorities and the chairman of the "Time Power" party. Image source ETtoday news cloud.

　　Wang Dingyu:

　　Members of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) were repeatedly sentenced for causing trouble, which was controversial in Taiwan Province society.

　　In 2008, Zhang Mingqing, then vice president of ARATS, was invited to visit Taiwan. When he visited the Confucius Temple in Tainan, he was suddenly disturbed and pushed to the ground by Wang Dingyu, then a city councilor, causing uproar at home and abroad. As a "legislator", he made many words and deeds that hurt mainland spouses, affected exchanges and tore cross-strait ties, and was regarded as a symbolic "clown" of Democratic Progressive Party jumping on the table and undermining peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait without a bottom line.

　　He is also an advocate of Taiwan-US ties. In April this year, when Pelosi’s channeling information was first reported, Wang Dingyu showed great excitement. He constantly encouraged American and Western politicians to "come to Taiwan".

　　In November 2021, after the Su Zhenchang, You Xikun and Joseph Wu were listed by the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, Wang Dingyu clamored that he should also be included. Although he is a small player, Wang Dingyu’s words and deeds that tear cross-strait ties can be described as "grandiose" and he will face severe sanctions in the future. I hope he can keep the joy of "getting what he wants".

　　The picture shows Wang Dingyu, a legislator of the Democratic Progressive Party. Image source China Times News Network.

Recently, the information of Tianyancha and Qixinbao showed that many directors and supervisors of Yinlong New Energy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Yinlong New Energy") withdrew, including Dong Mingzhu, the chairman of Zhuhai Gree Electric Co., Ltd. At present, the main personnel of Yinlong New Energy are only Lu Chunquan and Lai Xinhua, and the chairman is Lu Chunquan and Lai Xinhua. At the same time, Lai Xinhua also holds the position of general manager.

Previously, the chairman of Yinlong New Energy was Lu Chunquan and the general manager Lai Xinhua; Directors are Dong Mingzhu, Deng Xiaobo, Peng Jihai, Sun Guohua, Wei Guohua and Wei Yincang; The supervisors are Yao Kejie, Hu Zhaowei and Zhang Wei respectively. Although Yinlong New Energy denied the withdrawal of many directors and supervisors, the information of Tianyancha and Kaixinbao changed.

However, Dong Mingzhu is still the second largest shareholder of Yinlong, holding 17.46%. The largest shareholder of the company is Zhuhai Yinlong Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., holding 25.99% of the shares; Sunshine Life Insurance Co., Ltd. is the third largest shareholder, holding 11.60%.

Investment logic

Dong Mingzhu once looked at BOC Long’s lithium titanate battery and new energy vehicle business, and pushed Gree Electric to acquire Yinlong through private placement financing, but he was frustrated. Since then, Dong Mingzhu invested in Zhuhai Yinlong in his personal capacity, spending about 1 billion yuan and taking 17.46% of the shares in Yinlong, becoming the second largest shareholder of Yinlong. She also brought Wang Jianlin and Liu Qiangdong. She said at that time that the decision to invest in Zhuhai Yinlong was not aimed at profit, but hoped to support the rapid development of the new energy automobile industry.

At present, Yinlong’s main business is mainly new energy commercial vehicles. According to the latest data from China Bus Statistics Information Network, the sales volume of Yinlong New Energy Bus reached 2,708 in 2019, down by 62.8% year-on-year. It is worth noting that Yinlong New Energy relies too much on state subsidies. On April 25, 2019, Yinlong New Energy revealed on its WeChat WeChat official account that the former senior executives of Yinlong New Energy were suspected of defrauding the national financial subsidies for new energy vehicles, amounting to 112 million yuan.

Soon after Dong Mingzhu entered Zhuhai Yinlong, he began to expand rapidly and planned to go public. According to public information, Zhuhai Yinlong has signed nine industrial parks including Shijiazhuang and Luoyang, with a total investment of over 80 billion. The rapid expansion caused Yinlong to have overcapacity immediately. On the one hand, orders fell in a cliff-like manner, and a large number of finished vehicles in the factory were parked idle. On the other hand, it was constantly exposed that it was in arrears with suppliers’ payment. Yinlong was also terminated in 2018. IPO counseling. In addition, Yinlong New Energy has been listed as the executor for many times, and the contradiction between internal shareholders and management is constantly a magic weapon. In particular, the contradiction between Dong Mingzhu and Wei Yincang, the founder of Yinlong, intensified.

"The rapid expansion strategy and management turmoil aggravate the risks of L Yinlong New Energy, especially the changes in management, which will have a great impact on the company’s strategy and development rhythm." An industry person told reporters. Luo Lei, Deputy Secretary-General of china automobile dealers association, also said in an interview with CBN: "Yinlong mainly deals in passenger cars, but it is ok to concentrate on it. With the intervention of Dong Mingzhu, the degree of attention has become higher. However, buses are niche products, and the total supply is limited. Yinlong’s crazy expansion in the past two years has problems, and the development of enterprises should be steady growth to remain healthy. Expansion is based on the integrity of the whole system, which is closely related to scale, parts procurement and supply, production line, logistics and after-sales service. Once a link goes wrong, it will be fatal. "

Dong Mingzhu, who has always dreamed of building a car, has encountered many challenges due to the high threshold of the automobile industry, but she still insists that Yinlong’s battery can just become an indispensable and important role in Gree Electric’s smart home in the future.

Marginalization of lithium titanate battery

The most obvious label of Yinlong is lithium titanate battery technology. Official website of Yinlong New Energy shows that on September 20, 2010, Yinlong New Energy signed an acquisition agreement with American Aoti Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Aoti"), and on July 22, 2011, it strategically controlled Aoti. After that, Yinlong New Energy began to vigorously develop lithium titanate batteries in China with the help of Austrian titanium.

Compared with other battery technology routes, lithium titanate battery has advantages in safety and charging time. However, Wei Yincang also mentioned in public that when Aoti was acquired, the cost of lithium titanate was 12 times that of the current battery. Compared with BYD, the cost is 50%~60% higher, and the gap will be further narrowed with the expansion of production capacity.

In recent two years, the phenomenon that lithium titanate is marginalized is more obvious. According to the latest data of installed power batteries in 2019, the installed power batteries in China reached 62.2GWh, up 9.2% year-on-year. Ternary materials and Ferrous lithium phosphate occupied the main market share, while the installed capacity of lithium titanate battery only reached 0.38GWh, down 23.6% year-on-year.

"In fact, lithium titanate batteries were discovered earlier than ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. If possible, everyone has already made a choice." Fang Jianhua, senior consultant of Power Battery Application Branch of China Chemical and Physical Power Industry Association, said in an interview that lithium titanate battery has a fatal weakness: low energy density, which is directly related to the length of cruising range, but the density of lithium titanate battery can’t meet this requirement now. In addition, with the decline of subsidies, lithium titanate batteries are mainly used in new energy buses, and their capacity is relatively limited, which will bring greater challenges.

"Lithium titanate battery is a niche route, which can be used in some specific markets and cannot digest large-scale product production. For example, in a mountain city like Chongqing, it is used in the electric bus market and some power grid energy storage markets. Therefore, it is possible for the application of lithium titanate battery to grow moderately, and it is doomed to be difficult to explode quickly. The rapid expansion of Yinlong does not conform to the development law of lithium titanate battery itself, and the outcome can be imagined. " Mo Ke, founder and president of Real Lithium Research, told the First Financial Reporter that if we find the right market and then take it slowly, I believe that lithium titanate batteries will also have a place.

"Market choice determines the technical route. Especially after the cancellation of subsidies, the market is mainly private cars and short-distance cars, and it is estimated that it will still be dominated by three yuan. " Cao Guoqing, deputy secretary general of China Battery Industry Association, told reporters.

However, Dong Mingzhu, who was frustrated by Yinlong’s new energy, did not give up her enthusiasm for the automobile industry. Now she has chosen a relatively lightweight way to enter the automobile industry. On August 28th, 2019, Gree Electric’s subsidiaries Zhuhai Gree Energy Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Huatai Huineng (Beijing) Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and Yinlong New Energy jointly registered Zhuhai Hengqin Gree Huati Energy Development Co., Ltd. with a registered capital of 30 million yuan, and the main management was held by relevant personnel in Gree Electric. In September 2019, Gree Electric joined forces with five enterprises including Zhuzhou CRRC and Yinlong New Energy to jointly establish Guochuang Energy Internet Innovation Center (Guangdong) Co., Ltd.. Among them, Gree Electric holds 75% of the shares, Zhuzhou CRRC holds 8%, Yinlong New Energy holds 5%, and Dong Mingzhu serves as the chairman.

Author: Li Suyi

The First Affiliated Hospital of China University of Science and Technology-

Director of oncology department of tumor nutrition and metabolism, director of clinical nutrition department

Doctor of medicine, doctoral supervisor, chief physician of oncology department

Director of China Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO)

Vice Chairman of Cancer Nutrition Management Branch of China Nutrition Society

He has been engaged in clinical oncology for 33 years and published more than 200 academic papers.

Article Source: Metabolic Nutrition Therapy for Tumors

China Clinical Nutrition Network has been authorized to reprint

Nutrients refer to the chemical components in food that can provide energy for human body, repair the body and tissues, and have physiological regulation functions, and maintain human health and provide various substances needed for human growth, development and labor. The nutrients needed by human body are carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, and water. In recent years, dietary fiber has been found to be the eighth kind of nutrients for human beings.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

Carbohydrate is composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Because the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2: 1, which is the same as water, it is named as the most abundant organic compound with broad-spectrum chemical structure and biological function in nature, which provides heat energy for human body and is the main source of energy needed by all organisms to maintain life activities. It is divided into two categories: effective carbohydrates that can be absorbed and utilized and ineffective carbohydrates that people can’t digest. The latter is dietary fiber, as described later.

Some carbohydrates also have special physiological activities, which are the main nutrients that provide energy for life activities (anaerobic glycolysis substrates of nerve tissues and red blood cells); Because it is eventually decomposed into sugar in the body, it is called sugar, which can promote the metabolism of other nutrients and have a special "nitrogen-saving" effect; Participate in the human body to form tissues and synthesize glycogen.

Protein molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and possibly sulfur, phosphorus and other elements. Alpha-amino acids are combined in a certain order to form a polypeptide chain, and then one or more polypeptide chains are combined in a specific way to form a polymer compound, which constitutes the scaffold and main substances of human tissues and organs and plays an important role in human life activities. It can be said that there would be no life activities without protein.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

Amino acid is its basic constituent unit, which is formed into peptide chains through dehydration and condensation, and then is composed of one or more polypeptide chains and arranged in a certain order. This is protein. The amino acid sequence is encoded by the corresponding gene, encoding 20 basic amino acids. Some amino acid residues can be modified after translation to change the chemical structure, thus activating or regulating protein. A plurality of protein play a specific function by forming a stable protein compound, folding or spiraling to form a certain spatial structure. Synthetic peptides’s organelles are ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasm, and protein’s differences lie in the types, numbers, arrangement order and spatial structure of its amino acids. Protein constitutes the material basis of human cells, promotes the growth and tissue repair of the body, forms antibodies against diseases, maintains the osmotic pressure of the human body and transmits genetic information. The ingested protein is digested, hydrolyzed into amino acids and absorbed in the body, and then the protein needed by the human body is synthesized. The new protein is constantly metabolized and decomposed, and is always in a dynamic balance. The quality and quantity of protein in food and the proportion of various amino acids are related to the amount of protein synthesis, growth and development, prenatal and postnatal care, health and longevity, and are closely related to the amount of protein in diet. Protein can be divided into complete protein and incomplete protein. protein, which lacks essential amino acids or has little content, is called incomplete protein, such as protein in cereals and gelatin in animal skins and bones.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

Fat is the general name of oil, fat and lipid. What is liquid at room temperature is called oil, and what is solid is called fat. Fat is composed of three elements, C, H and O, and is a triglyceride composed of glycerol and fatty acids. The molecule of glycerol is relatively simple. Fatty acids can be divided into three categories: saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, or long-chain, medium-chain and short-chain fatty acids according to the length of carbon content. Fat is soluble in most organic solvents and insoluble in water. It is a glyceride of one or more fatty acids. The cell membrane composed of lipids separates the organelles from the surrounding environment, mainly provides macro nutrients for energy, and also has the functions of maintaining body temperature and protecting organs. Fatty acids are an important guarantee for the normal operation of the brain, immune system and reproductive system, and contribute to health and longevity. Fat lubricates body tissues and joints, and is also an important component of human body (phospholipid is an important component of biofilm). Cholic acid and steroid hormones have the functions of nutrition, metabolism and regulation. As the surface substance of cells, lipids are closely related to cell recognition, species specificity and tissue immunity. The digestibility of fat is related to its melting point. The more unsaturated fatty acids, the lower the melting point: the digestibility of vegetable oil reaches 100%. The melting point of animal fat is above 40℃, the digestibility is 80% ~ 90%, and the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in vegetable oil is relatively high, which provides essential fatty acids. Fat helps the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins a, e, k and d.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

Vitamins are a kind of organic compounds necessary for maintaining health, and they are also a kind of regulatory substances. It is not the raw material of body tissue, nor the source of energy. It is an important active substance that plays an important role in substance metabolism and maintains human health. It can’t be synthesized in the body or the amount of synthesis is insufficient. The required amount is small but indispensable, and it must be supplied by food frequently.

Common ground of various vitamins:

① All of them exist in food in the form of provitamin;

② It is not a component of body tissues and cells, and does not produce energy, but mainly participates in the regulation of body metabolism;

③ Most vitamins can’t be synthesized by the body or the synthetic amount can’t meet the needs of the body, so they must be obtained from food frequently;

④ The human body needs a small amount of vitamins, once lacking, it will lead to corresponding vitamin deficiency.

Vitamins are divided into three categories: one is fat-soluble vitamins, which can be stored in the body, including vitamins A, D, E and K; The other is water-soluble vitamins, which need to be provided from food every day, including vitamins C, B1, B2, B6, B12, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (calcium pantothenate), folic acid (vitamin B9), choline, biotin, etc. The third category is provitamin, whose chemical structure is similar to a certain vitamin, which can be converted into vitamin through simple metabolic reaction, such as β -carotene can be converted into vitamin A; 7- dehydrocholesterol can be converted into vitamin D3 and so on.

Vitamins account for a very small proportion in natural foods and are necessary for the human body. There are dozens of vitamins found now, which play an extremely important role in the metabolism, growth, development and health of the body and are important substances for maintaining and regulating the normal metabolism of the body. Many vitamins are coenzymes of enzymes or components of coenzymes. The best vitamins exist in human tissues in the form of "bioactive substances". Vitamins B6 and K can be synthesized by bacteria in animal intestines, and the amount of synthesis can meet the needs. Primates cannot synthesize vitamin C by themselves. Animal liver, eggs, dairy products, carrots, pumpkins, bananas, oranges and some green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin A; Ingredients such as cod liver oil, eggs, margarine, milk and tuna are rich in vitamin D; Grain embryo, vegetable oil and green leaves are rich in vitamin E; Green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin K; Sunflower seeds, peanuts, soybeans, pork, cereals and wild edible fungus Tricholoma matsutake are rich in vitamin B1. Meat, cereals, vegetables and nuts are rich in vitamin B2. Pig, beef, mutton, fish, poultry, shellfish and eggs are rich in vitamin B12；. Lemon, orange, apple, jujube, strawberry, pepper, potato and spinach are rich in vitamin C.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

Minerals and trace elements are not exactly the same substance. Minerals are also called inorganic salts. Except for carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the rest of the 60 elements in human body belong to minerals, accounting for more than 0.01 of the total weight of human body.

There are 11 kinds of essential macroelements for human body, such as calcium, aluminum, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, etc. Essential trace elements refer to elements that are necessary to maintain human life, development and reproduction, accounting for less than 0.01% of the total weight of human body and less than 100 mg a day. There are 14 kinds of elements such as iodine, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt and fluorine, which play an extremely important role in regulating life metabolism.

Calcium-supplementing foods include milk and dairy products, beans and bean products, small fish and shrimp, bones and shells, kelp, seaweed, sesame seeds, sesame paste, etc. Phosphorus supplements are widely found in various animals and plants: lean meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk and their products are rich in phosphorus, and nuts, kelp, laver, oilseeds and beans are also high in phosphorus. As long as there is enough protein and calcium in food, there will be enough phosphorus. Phosphorus absorption rate in cereal plants is low; Iron-supplementing food consists of animal liver, kidney, blood, red meat, beans, fungus and sesame paste. The high phosphorus protein in egg yolk will interfere with the absorption of iron, and the effect of iron supplementation is not very good. Zinc-supplemented foods are mainly found in shellfish such as oysters, red meat, animal viscera, dried fruits, cereal embryos, wheat bran, peanuts and peanut butter, eggs, bean sprouts, oats, etc. Strengthen iodized salt by eating iodized food seafood; Selenium-supplemented foods such as seafood and animal offal, such as caviar, sea cucumber, pig kidney, oysters and clams, are also high in wheat germ powder, purple peanuts, dried mushrooms, peas and lentils. Tea, marine fish, kelp and laver can be used to supplement fluorine. Generally, the fluorine content of animal foods is higher than that of plant foods, while that of marine animals is higher than that of fresh water and land foods.

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

Dietary fiber mentioned earlier is a kind of polysaccharide, which can not be digested and absorbed by gastrointestinal tract and can not produce energy carbohydrates.

Among them, soluble dietary fiber includes pectin, alginate, konjac, etc., and the main component is glucomannan, which has the outstanding characteristics of strong water absorption. The gastrointestinal tract is intertwined with other carbohydrates, delaying the absorption of the latter; Insoluble dietary fiber mostly comes from whole grains, beans, vegetables and fruits, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, accelerate the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract, reduce absorption, and absorb water in the large intestine to soften stools, thus playing a role in preventing and treating constipation.

Dietary fiber has a very important physiological function, and it is also closely related to improving and maintaining human immunity, anti-diarrhea and constipation, reducing intestinal polyps, diabetes, lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides, controlling weight and colorectal cancer, and treating cholelithiasis and preventing and treating intestinal diverticulosis. Water-soluble dietary fiber swells after absorbing water, and chyme mass is sticky. Water-insoluble dietary fiber mixed with chyme mass can increase its volume, increase satiety and stimulate intestinal peristalsis. Bile acid secreted by the liver absorbs fat and cholesterol. Dietary fiber absorbs bile acids and reduces the absorption of cholesterol in food. Dietary fiber mixed with chyme can reduce the absorption of sugar in food by small intestine and reduce the metabolic burden of pancreas. Water-soluble dietary fiber is fermented by intestinal bacteria to synthesize short-chain fatty acids, breed probiotics and adjust intestinal PH value. Rapid defecation means that the stay time of feces in the intestine is shortened, and the contact between carcinogens and intestinal mucosa is prevented for a long time.

The standard of dietary fiber intake is 30g per day, while the dietary fiber intake of Chinese people is only 40% ~ 45%. The source of daily dietary fiber is based on the principle of food diversification, emphasizing the intake of soluble dietary fiber and taking into account the intake of insoluble dietary fiber. The content of insoluble dietary fiber in dark green vegetables is higher than that in light colored vegetables, such as leeks and celery. Bamboo shoots, wild vegetables. Potato food, nuts, mushrooms, fungus, kelp and other fungus food and apples, pears and peaches are rich in soluble dietary fiber.

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　　Recently, a number of new car-making forces released delivery data in February. Affected by the Spring Festival holiday, the delivery of new car-making forces is generally less than that in January. Except for AITO and Ideal, the sales of other new car-making forces did not exceed 10,000 vehicles.

　　With BYD and Tesla, two new energy head car companies, kicking off a new round of price reduction on March 1st, the "price war" in the Year of the Loong auto market continues to heat up, which may further accelerate the market reshuffle. According to the incomplete statistics of the "Securities Daily" reporter, since March, nine car companies have announced price reductions or opened limited-time concessions, with the highest price reduction of 47,000 yuan.

　　"From an industrial perspective, the new energy vehicle market is shifting from incremental development to stock competition." Ou Yangming Gao, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, told the Securities Daily reporter that on the one hand, the new energy automobile industry itself is the survival of the fittest, and on the other hand, the game between new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles has reached a decisive stage, and the competition between independent brands and joint venture brands has also reached a white-hot level.

　　AITO ranks first in the world of inquiry

　　From the delivery data, AITO, Ideal and Ai ‘an are still stable in the first camp. In February, AITO delivered 21,100 new cars, a year-on-year increase of 503.20%, of which 18,479 new M7 cars were delivered, accounting for 87.4%. AITO ranks first among the new forces that have announced the delivery volume, surpassing LI again.

　　It is noteworthy that the M9, the third model of AITO, officially launched the nationwide scale delivery on February 26th. According to official data, the M9 has exceeded 50,000 vehicles in 62 days. The increase of new products has become the next sales growth point of AITO.

　　LI delivered a total of 20,251 new cars in February, up 21.8% year-on-year, and lost to AITO by a narrow margin. On March 1st, LI held the spring conference of 2024, and its first pure electric model MEGA and 2024 ideal L series models were officially launched. Li Xiang, Chairman and CEO of LI, said: "With the release and delivery of new models, our goal is to return to the level of monthly delivery of 50,000 vehicles in March." This means that the battle for the top spot in the delivery of new forces will continue.

　　As the third runner-up in the list, GAC Ai ‘an sold 16,700 vehicles in February, down 44.57% year-on-year. Compared with AITO and Ideal in the first camp, the delivery of Guangzhou Automobile’s Ai ‘an has shown signs of fatigue.

　　Except for AITO, Ideal and GAC’s Ai ‘an, the other new car-making forces and the "second generation" of traditional car companies have not maintained the previous trend of breaking 10,000 vehicles or hitting new highs, and the delivery volume in February was all below 10,000 vehicles.

　　Specifically, the other car companies that have released the delivery volume in February are Weilai Automobile, Krypton Automobile, Zero Run Automobile, Nezha Automobile, Xpeng Motors Automobile and Lantu Automobile in order of delivery volume, with the delivery volume of 8,132, 7,510, 6,566, 6,085, 4,545 and 3,182 respectively, all of which showed a decline from the previous month, with a year-on-year change of-33 respectively.

　　From the perspective of the whole industry, the new energy vehicle market was relatively sluggish in February, and the sales of new energy vehicles of traditional car companies such as BYD and Geely all showed a significant month-on-month decline. The Federation had previously predicted that the sales volume of the automobile market in February or the whole year was the lowest, and the domestic retail sales volume of narrow passenger cars was about 1.15 million, down 43.5% from the previous month, showing a regular seasonal trend; The domestic retail sales of new energy vehicles are expected to be 380,000, down 43% from the previous month, with a penetration rate of about 33%, and the market penetration rate has dropped significantly compared with the end of last year.

　　Head car companies set off a "price war"

　　It is worth noting that at the beginning of March, BYD and Tesla, two new energy car giants, set off a new round of "price war".

　　Following BYD’s continuous launch of "Glory Edition" models in several market segments in February, on March 1, BYD once again shouted the slogan "Electricity is lower than oil" and launched the glory version of BYD Song Pro DM-i, with a starting price of 109,800 yuan. This also means that the A-class SUV model equipped with DM-i technology has officially entered the range of 100,000 yuan.

　　Li Yunfei, general manager of Brand and Public Relations Department of BYD Group, said that thanks to BYD’s scale effect and the advantages of the whole industrial chain, the price of plug-in hybrid BYD can be lower than that of fuel vehicles of the same class. At the same time, Li Yunfei also said that this move will completely open a decisive battle with fuel vehicles. He even bluntly said, "Who will buy fuel vehicles next?"

　　On the same day, Tesla followed closely and announced three benefits for Model 3 and Model Y models, including 8,000 yuan limited-time car insurance subsidy, 2,000 yuan limited-time car paint preferential price and limited-time car financial low interest.

　　According to the reporter’s incomplete statistics, since then, car companies including Geely, SAIC Volkswagen, Feifan Automobile, Chery, etc. have successively announced price cuts and introduced preferential policies for limited-time car purchases. For example, Geely launched the Spring Car Festival in 2024, with a cash discount of up to 47,000 yuan during March; The TUANG family of SAIC Volkswagen started a limited-time discount, and at the same time, the 2.0T model can enjoy a cash voucher of 2,000 yuan or a three-year maintenance package; Feifan Automobile announced that its Feifan F7 model launched a limited-time car purchase policy, with a maximum discount of 30,000 yuan, and the advanced version, advanced Pro version, extended Pro version and performance Pro version were reduced by 25,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan.

　　Guan Mingyu, global managing partner of McKinsey and head of McKinsey’s automobile consulting business in China, told the Securities Daily that the development of new energy automobile industry in China and even the whole world is at a crossroads, and the cost reduction brought by technological iteration will promote the popularization of new energy vehicles into the fast lane. "At present, the new energy vehicle market is evolving at an extremely fast speed. Only by catching up with technological changes and grasping consumer trends can car companies occupy more market share." (Reporter Gong Mengze)

1905 movie network news The original theme song "Wind Bring Me Back to You" MV is released in the animated film of New National Style, which is being shown. The melody of the song is light and catchy. The lyrics of "Listen to the soaring in the direction of the soul, and the faith is gentle and boundless" tell the determination to protect the finless porpoise. After the film was released on January 20th, it received rave reviews. The audience called for protecting the smiling angel of the Yangtze River and spontaneously held various movie-watching activities to cheer for the finless porpoise guardian group in the story.

The original theme song sings beautifully, and the best choice is to watch movies in winter vacation for young people.

On January 24th, the film "finless porpoise dancing in the wind" released the original theme song "Wind brings me back to you" MV. The title of the theme song echoes the classic lines in the film "No matter where I am, the wind will bring me back to you". In the MV picture, the teenagers under the wishing tree are in high spirits to promote the protection of the Yangtze finless porpoise. Let the children know the importance of finless porpoise through speeches and doll interactions, and combine the light melody of the song itself, which is more infectious.

With the beginning of winter vacation for primary and secondary school students all over the country, the choice of cinemas for teenagers is gradually enriched. The finless porpoise Dancing in the Wind pioneered the Yangtze finless porpoise element, and the exquisite national wind rock color painting style tells the moving legend through the animation form of the new national wind, telling a moving story with China characteristics to teenagers.

Word of mouth continues to be full of emotions and ignite the enthusiasm of the audience.

At the film’s previous premiere, the creative team watched this passionate and emotional film with the audience, and many viewers were moved by the creative heart of the creative team. Five years’ ingenuity has made the aesthetics of the national style, which has been deposited for 5,000 years, leap onto the screen, attracting surprises from the scene. Many children are worried about the experience of the finless porpoise and even cry for it. At the climax, more viewers are dissatisfied with the efforts of the Jiangling fairy!

Among them, the most popular film is the 600-year-old bond between Jiang Ling and Lin Sheng. It can be seen that the film not only expresses concern about protecting the ecological environment, but also integrates universal feelings, which will warm and move more audiences this winter vacation. It is understood that the film has prepared wishing activities in cinemas around the country, hoping that more people can understand and participate in the activities to protect the Yangtze finless porpoise through "seeing the finless porpoise for good luck".

The film "finless porpoise dancing in the wind" is being shown.

　　Hunan Daily, August 29th (all-media reporter Sun Minjian and Huang Han) On the morning of the 29th, Governor Mao Weiming presided over an executive meeting of the provincial government to implement the requirements of the State Council’s supervision and service working group on stabilizing the economic market and the 11th inspection team of the State Council’s ninth grand inspection to come to Hunan to supervise and guide the relevant work, and to study and deploy the work of improving the efficiency of government supervision, selecting the governor’s quality award, world computing conference, rural revitalization and meteorological disaster prevention.

　　The meeting pointed out that the situation should rise but not fall, and the anger should be drummed but not vented. We should continue to thoroughly implement the important guiding spirit of "the epidemic should be prevented, the economy should be stabilized, and development should be safe", earnestly implement the requirements of the the State Council Supervision and Service Working Group, properly implement the policy package to stabilize the economic market and continue the policy measures, do a good job in rectifying the supervision and feedback problems, accelerate the construction of major projects, stabilize the real estate market, and ensure the improvement of people’s livelihood, seize the rare opportunity for the country to expand domestic demand, and make good use of policy-oriented development financial tools. Accelerate a number of major projects and livelihood projects that benefit both the present and the long-term, go all out to consolidate the momentum of sustained economic recovery, strive for the third quarter, return to above "6" (the current quarter), and make Hunan contributions to the steady growth of the country.

　　The meeting adopted in principle the Implementation Plan for Further Improving the Efficiency of Government Supervision and Promoting High-quality Development (Draft for Review). The meeting pointed out that in accordance with the requirements of "statutory duties must be", we should update the concept of supervision, highlight the key points of supervision, improve the supervision mechanism, improve the efficiency of government supervision, focus on solving the problem of who will manage what and how to manage it, establish an all-round, multi-level and three-dimensional supervision system, promote the construction of rule of law, standardization and institutionalization, and ensure high-quality economic and social development with efficient supervision.

　　The meeting approved in principle the list of suggestions for the 7th Hunan Provincial Governor’s Quality Award and Nomination Award. The meeting stressed that it is necessary to firmly establish the awareness of quality first, improve the award mechanism, set a good quality benchmark, create a good publicity atmosphere, actively play the positive incentive role of the governor’s quality award, deepen the reform and innovation of quality management, vigorously carry out quality improvement actions, and guide enterprises to establish a full-staff, whole-process and all-round quality management system, improve the overall quality level of the province, and strive to build a high-level quality province.

　　The conference adopted the overall plan of the 2022 World Computing Conference in principle. The meeting pointed out that the 2022 World Computing Congress will be held in Changsha from September 16th to 17th. All member units should follow the idea of "focusing on source innovation, focusing on industrial cultivation and focusing on the integration of four calculations", promote all preparatory work in a down-to-earth and orderly manner, ensure that the conference organization should be "precise", the publicity and promotion should be "complete", and the effect of the conference should be "real", so as to promote a number of major achievements to take effect in Hunan and make the conference a scientific conference, an industrial conference and a conference looking to the future.

　　The meeting adopted in principle the Regulations on Promoting Rural Revitalization in Hunan Province (Draft). The meeting stressed that it is necessary to give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, shift the work target to all farmers, shift the work task to promoting the "five major revitalization" of rural areas, shift the work measures to promoting development, improve the system, mechanism and policy system of urban-rural integration development, and strive to achieve new results in consolidating poverty alleviation achievements, show new achievements in industrial development, make new progress in rural construction, achieve new improvement in grassroots governance, and promote high-quality and efficient agriculture, livable and suitable for rural areas, and rich farmers.

　　The meeting adopted in principle the Regulations on Meteorological Disaster Prevention in Hunan Province (Draft). The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to grasp the action of "Quality Improvement Year", promote the legalization of meteorological work, three-dimensional meteorological monitoring, accurate meteorological early warning and diversified meteorological services, and provide all-round services to ensure life safety, production development, affluent life and good ecology, and accelerate the high-quality development of meteorological undertakings in Hunan.

　　At the opening ceremony. Photo by Chen Jing

　　Zhongxin. com, Chengdu, September 2 (Zhu Yanli, Chen Jing) The reporter learned from the Propaganda Department of Jiuzhaigou County Committee, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province on the 2 nd that Zhangzha Town Primary School in Jiuzhaigou County opened on the same day and the school was renamed Jiuzhaigou Primary School.

　　It is understood that the "8.8" Jiuzhaigou earthquake caused 23 schools in Jiuzhaigou County to be damaged to varying degrees. The foundation of Zhangzha Town Primary School, located near the epicenter, collapsed and the wall cracked, which no longer met the conditions for starting school at the original site. Students were concentrated in Jiuzhaigou County No.3 Primary School to resume classes in different places for 2 years. After reconstruction, brand-new teaching rooms have sprung up in the original site. Jiuzhaigou Primary School is a key fortification building. The school has a nine-level structure with eight degrees of fortification, and all facilities and equipment are in place. With a total construction area of 8911 square meters, the project can accommodate 540 students in 12 classes, which can meet the one-stop education needs of children in the surrounding areas from kindergarten to primary school. The new campus adopts Tibetan architectural style, and the main building uses skylights and high side windows to increase the lighting area, effectively integrating the surrounding mountain space landscape. The student dormitory is built according to the standard of apartment dormitory, equipped with lockers, toilets, bathrooms and so on.

　　At the opening ceremony. Photo by Chen Jing

　　"Looking at rows of brand-new teaching buildings, stepping on smooth roads and entering spacious and bright classrooms, I feel extremely excited and happy in my heart." Serang Youzhong, a sixth-grade student, told reporters that he will cherish today’s happy life, cherish today’s superior learning environment, comprehensively develop and improve his own quality, establish a correct world outlook, and be a useful person to society.

　　"For new opportunities and challenges, Jiuzhaigou Primary School will unite people with true feelings, constantly implement execution and solve practical problems!" Zhao Guofu, president of Jiuzhaigou Primary School, said that the school will strengthen management, pay attention to service, grasp implementation, hold high the spirit of innovation, adhere to the people-oriented, plastic image outside, strengthen quality inside, and pay attention to the interactive development between teachers and students, so that every student can have happiness, learn to create and learn to be a man; Let every teacher love their jobs, love their school and feel at home, and be United and harmonious.

　　"We believe that the students will remember this day when hope grew out of the disaster, be grateful, forge ahead, work hard, and repay their families, schools and society with excellent results. Our teachers will also vigorously carry forward the great spirit of earthquake relief, devote themselves wholeheartedly to education and teaching, dedicate their lifelong learning to education, and train outstanding successors needed by the motherland and the people. " Li Zhen, member of the Standing Committee of Jiuzhaigou County Committee and deputy magistrate, told reporters that Jiuzhaigou County will also strive to "build Jiuzhaigou Primary School into a demonstration window school for foreign exchange in ethnic areas". (End)

AI "ignites" the classroom

Foreign teachers use generative artificial intelligence to assist teaching.

　　Generative artificial intelligence technology is more and more widely used in the field of global education. It can not only provide teachers with a variety of help such as generating personalized teaching plans and acting as classroom teaching assistants, but also provide students with interactive, collaborative, situational, inspiring and immediate learning experiences. With the change and improvement of technology, educators around the world adhere to the concept of technology for goodness and constantly explore the possibilities of applying generative artificial intelligence to classroom teaching. This issue of Global Weekly brings together some cases of foreign teachers applying generative artificial intelligence to improve the quality of classroom teaching, in order to provide new ideas for teachers to apply generative artificial intelligence creatively.

　　English: Expanding Thinking and Promoting Deep Writing

　　English writing ability includes not only superficial language elements such as vocabulary, grammar and discourse, but also deep literacy requirements such as pragmatic ability, cultural awareness and thinking quality. In the process of English learning, writing has always been a pain point and difficulty for students. Students often face writing obstacles such as insufficient vocabulary, vague grammar rules, lack of writing materials, and chaotic logical structure, which affects their enthusiasm for writing. Scientific writing training is very important.

　　Stavros, a professor at Patrice University, introduced ChatGPT into senior high school English writing class, and tutored students’ English writing through ChatGPT. His English writing class is usually divided into three stages. In the first stage, students will write a theme composition in English, such as writing an email to a friend to introduce their favorite sports. At this stage, teachers will use ChatGPT to correct students’ vocabulary and grammar mistakes. In the second stage, students need to compare, analyze and learn the revised contents of ChatGPT, and at the same time, through discussion, reflect on whether the revised suggestions given by ChatGPT are reasonable, and sum up more correct and appropriate expressions. In the third stage, students will once again write a composition with a similar theme in English, and students can use the new expressions they learned in the previous stage in their second writing. By critically reflecting on the writing feedback given by ChatGPT, students acquire correct and appropriate pragmatic expressions in interaction, which promotes the development of cognitive ability and internalizes pragmatic knowledge and skills.

　　Students’ fear of difficulties in English writing stems not only from the lack of English vocabulary and expressions, but also from the lack of logic and richness of views, which often leads to the trouble of not knowing what to write and how to write. In order to help students solve the problems of lack of writing materials, single writing point of view and confused writing ideas, Dr. Sidi Yulidar Harunasari of Indonesia introduced ChatGPT into his "Creativity and Media Writing" course. It is usually difficult for students to generate innovative writing ideas. Therefore, Sidi Yulidar Harunasari usually asks students to have a dialogue with ChatGPT in the first stage of the course, and students can choose their own interesting writing entry points in combination with the suggestions given by ChatGPT. Similarly, in the story structure, ChatGPT can also act as a virtual partner for students to help them build a complete narrative structure and a coherent story. On the one hand, students can send the synopsis of the story to ChatGPT for optimization, or seek advice by asking questions (for example, "Do you think the plot conflict setting in my story is reasonable?"). On the other hand, students can create stories with ChatGPT through dialogue. In the teaching process, teachers will supervise students’ use of ChatGPT to ensure that students use it as a tool for inspiration generation, rather than relying on it to directly create content. One form of supervision is to collect historical chat data between students and ChatGPT. By analyzing the chat data, teachers can further grasp the development of students’ pragmatic competence.

　　Reading: Enriching Experience and Improving Literary Literacy

　　Reading is the foundation of students’ academic success, and educators have been committed to helping students improve their reading ability. With the help of generative artificial intelligence technology, "Reading Coach" platform can provide learners with personalized, fascinating and revolutionary reading experience. Anna Ruiz, a fifth-grade teacher at Baldwin School in the United States, introduced this platform into her reading class and made full use of the different functions of "reading coach" to help students improve their reading ability and stimulate their reading interest. On the "reading coach", students can read textbooks, digital library texts or use artificial intelligence to generate stories. Anna Ruiz will let students use the "reading coach" to read the text independently, and correct the wrong words through the instant feedback tool on pronunciation and fluency provided by the platform. It is found that one of the most effective ways to help narrow the gap in reading ability is personalized learning. In the "AI story" mode of "reading coach", students can choose the protagonist, background and plot of the story, and the system will automatically generate a complete story that matches the reading level chosen by the learners. The sense of participation brought by story creation has greatly stimulated students’ love for reading.

　　Reading famous books is also conducive to the improvement of reading ability, but how to make students deeply understand the characters and themes in famous books is often a difficult point for teachers to teach. Mike Kentz, an English teacher in a high school in Georgia, USA, uses the platform of Character.AI to help students understand literary works deeply in his English class. Character.AI platform is similar to ChatGPT, but the difference is that it allows users to chat with historical figures or celebrities, including famous scientists, literary heroes, movie stars, anime characters, etc. At the same time, the platform also supports users to build their own AI characters. After studying literary works, students may have doubts or construct some new ideas because they don’t have a deep understanding of people, events and themes. Mike Kentz found that his students were confused after learning The Catcher in the Rye, so he began to train students to use the Character.AI platform, arranged a classroom assignment to interview the virtual AI robot, the protagonist of the novel, Holden Kauffeld, and reminded students to actively listen to and respond to what the AI robot said. Students must compare the interview answers of AI robots with the actions, words and personality of the protagonist in the book to further deepen their understanding of the role. After the interview, the students will send the chat record with the AI robot to the teacher for class discussion. In the following discussion, each student should share the highlights and shortcomings of his interview and a deeper understanding of the characters. In this way, students jump out"Shallow reading" has realized a profound grasp of the reading content.

　　History: creating situations and deeply perceiving history.

　　The key to history teaching lies in breaking the gap between history and reality and narrowing the distance between students and history. By creating rich teaching situations, generative artificial intelligence leads students to perceive and discover history in an immersive way, and then helps students understand history and master historical knowledge.

　　Benjamin Brin, a professor of history at the University of California, Santa Cruz, introduced ChatGPT as a teaching tool into the university history classroom, and simulated the interactive historical background in the classroom with the help of generative artificial intelligence to help students immerse themselves in learning history. Historical events are far from the present, and students are vague about the background of historical events, so it is difficult to really enter history in class. In order to help students fully understand the background and influence of the medieval plague, Benjamin Brin developed a "medieval plague simulator" based on ChatGPT. The simulator is available in three versions: Damascus, Paris and pistoia, with different protagonists and story lines. In the Damascus version, students play a traveler infected with the plague in Damascus. In the Paris version, students need to play a quack who profited from the plague by selling fake drugs. In pistoia’s version, the student plays an upright city councilman who is looking for a solution to the plague. Students enter the "simulator" through the shared document provided by the professor, and copy the prompts marked in the shared document into ChatGPT to enter the scene. For example, in the Damascus version, the professor set up prompts such as "health status", "doctor’s treatment", "confirm whether the family members are sick", "find a better doctor" and "restore health" and different scenes generated. In class, students first enter the "simulator" with the help of ChatGPT to experience stories and situations.Then the students compared their simulated experience with the real historical records of plagues in these three places, and wrote reflective papers. In this paper, students should further reflect on the authenticity, emphasis and representativeness of the simulated situation. Through this situational experience, students can think and explore historical events from multiple angles to deepen their understanding, and also cultivate critical thinking and creative thinking.

　　The richness and interactivity of learning materials are very important for students to deepen their understanding of historical concepts. Professor Jussi of Turku University in Finland provides personalized learning materials for students of different levels through ChatGPT. He first determined the theme of the course and the corresponding historical data, and then used ChatGPT to generate text materials and test questions with three levels of difficulty: high, medium and low. In order to deepen students’ understanding, he used the AI painting software Midjourney to generate matching image data. In class, according to the students’ level, he personalized the learning materials of different difficulty levels and arranged the students’ learning content. Students understand what they have learned through text materials and picture materials, and then answer the test questions. After class, teachers use ChatGPT to check the completion of the test questions. If the students’ correct rate of the test questions meets the requirements, they will be assigned more difficult learning materials in the next stage of learning, otherwise the difficulty will be reduced. By providing students with personalized interactive learning materials, students’ learning participation and mastery of knowledge are significantly improved.

　　Morality: Inspire thinking and deepen moral cognition.

　　Moral courses usually emphasize guiding students to experience real situations, deepening students’ cognition and understanding of learning content, cultivating students’ deep thinking ability, and enabling students to enhance moral feelings and transform moral behavior in self-speculation and independent construction. Topic-based, situational and heuristic teaching methods are conducive to promoting students’ independent thinking and dialectical thinking, which are more common in moral courses.

　　"Moral Dilemma" has become a common method to create situations in moral classroom because of its strong cognitive conflict. A primary school in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, combines artificial intelligence with "moral dilemma" to stimulate students to think multi-dimensionally in the moral curriculum. Primary school students’ moral rationality needs to be formed and developed. Facing the specific life situation, primary school students’ understanding and comprehension of moral significance are often relatively simple, so teachers need to guide them effectively. Faced with the "moral dilemma", teachers set ChatGPT as one of the participants in class discussion. In the past, classroom discussion and communication were usually carried out among peers with similar cognitive level, but in the face of a new "smart partner", students need to think more deeply in order to promote the dialogue to continue. On the one hand, facing the answers provided by ChatGPT, students need to make new judgments and changes. Some students said, "I want to listen to AI’s judgment before making a decision", while others said, "I’ll think about it myself before asking AI". In the process of classroom discussion, teachers guide students to actively think and reflect on differences, and gradually form the ability to make independent judgments in the face of moral problems. On the other hand, there is no single standard answer to the "moral dilemma". The answers generated by ChatGPT can be used as topics for students to discuss and communicate, and students can further interact with ChatGPT to explore the causes of cognitive differences. By constructing the situation of "moral dilemma", teachers present the judgment of artificial intelligence, encourage students to think independently, reflect carefully and make decisions seriously, and finally enhance moral cognition.This unique learning experience increases the interest, participation and education of moral classroom.

　　Generally speaking, generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT has a wide range of application scenarios in the field of education, and teachers are constantly tapping the potential of generative artificial intelligence in classroom teaching, including human-computer collaboration, dynamic teaching framework, personalized learning support and counseling. However, there are still some uncertainties and some predictable and unpredictable risks in generative artificial intelligence. When using it in teaching, teachers should fully consider and avoid risks as much as possible, and pay more attention to cultivating students’ higher-order thinking, especially critical thinking and creative thinking. At the same time, teachers should constantly improve their digital literacy, constantly explore the use of new technologies, promote the integration of advanced technologies and classroom teaching, and make the classroom richer, more interesting and more efficient.

　　(Ni Qin, Liu Lu and Li Xiao are from the Global Education Research Center of Shanghai International Studies University, and Xuan Mo is from Songjiang Yunjian Middle School, a foreign language school affiliated to Shanghai International Studies University)

　　Author: Ni Qin Liu Lu Li Xiao Xuan Mo

　　China Education News, 9th edition, March 28th, 2024.