utyuty

Vigorously promote the adjustment of planting structure
Promote agricultural quality improvement, efficiency improvement and sustainable development

In order to implement the spirit of the No.1 Document of the Central Committee, solidly promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and strive to improve the quality and efficiency of the agricultural supply system, the Ministry of Agriculture recently issued the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020) (hereinafter referred to as the Plan), which made specific arrangements for the current and future planting structure adjustment. On April 28th, the relevant person in charge of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture gave a brief explanation on the Planning and interpreted the key issues. And answered the specific questions that the reporter was concerned about.

First, the importance and urgency of the adjustment of planting structure.

Under the new situation, the main contradiction of agriculture has changed from gross shortage to structural contradiction, which is mainly manifested in the coexistence of staged and structural oversupply and insufficient supply. Promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side and improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural supply system is an important task of agricultural and rural economy at present and in the future. At present, China’s agricultural development environment is undergoing profound changes, old problems are constantly accumulating, new contradictions are constantly emerging, and it is also facing difficulties and challenges such as unbalanced variety structure, increasing pressure on resources and environment, upgrading consumption structure, deepening industrial integration, and strengthening market linkage at home and abroad. Facing the new situation and challenges, we must take the initiative and follow the trend, speed up the optimization and adjustment of planting structure, promote the transformation and upgrading of planting industry and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

Second, the ideas, principles, objectives and tasks of planting structure adjustment.

Generally speaking, during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the structural adjustment of planting industry will be guided by the new development concept, and the national grain security strategy and grain storage in the land and technology strategy will be implemented under the new situation, and the market orientation, scientific and technological support and ecological priority will be adhered to, the development mode will be changed, the transformation and upgrading will be accelerated, the grain production capacity will be consolidated and improved, the structural adjustment of planting industry will be promoted, the variety structure and regional layout will be optimized, and the first, second and third industries will be built.

On the basic principle, we should achieve "six persistences". That is, adhere to the bottom line thinking, ensure food security, adhere to market orientation, promote industrial integration, persist in highlighting key points, maintain pressure, persist in innovation-driven, pay attention to improving quality and efficiency, persist in ecological protection, promote sustainable development, and persist in focusing on the whole world and coordinating the two markets.

In terms of development goals, realize "two guarantees, three stability and two coordination". "Two guarantees", that is, food rations and grains, "three stabilities", that is, stabilizing the self-sufficiency level of cotton, edible vegetable oil and sugar, and "two coordinations", that is, coordinated development of vegetable production and demand, and coordinated development of forage production and animal husbandry.

In the task of adjustment, there are mainly "four constructions", that is, to construct a crop structure with coordinated development of grain, economy and feed, to construct a variety structure adapted to market demand, to construct a regional structure with coordinated production ecology, and to construct a farming system combining land cultivation with land cultivation.

Third, the overall consideration of variety structure and regional layout.

Variety structure and regional layout are the core contents of the Plan. Comprehensive consideration of resource endowment, ecological conditions, industrial base, planting benefits, market demand and other factors, to further optimize the variety structure and regional layout.

From the adjustment of variety structure. Grain, the focus is on ensuring rations and grains, focusing on developing rice and wheat in rations, optimizing the structure of corn, and developing edible soybeans, potatoes and miscellaneous grains and beans according to local conditions. Cotton, the key is to stabilize the area, improve the yield, improve the quality and increase the efficiency. Oil-bearing crops, mainly two oils, with more oil at the same time, focus on developing rapeseed and peanuts, and develop small oil-bearing crops such as sunflower, sesame and flax that are drought-tolerant, salt-tolerant and barren according to local conditions. Sugar material, stable area, double extraction and double increase (increase unit yield, increase sugar content, increase yield and increase benefit). Vegetables, stable area, quality and efficiency, balanced supply. Forage crops should be cultivated with seeds and diversified development. According to the layout and scale of aquaculture production, we should focus on the development of silage corn, develop high-quality forage such as alfalfa, forage oats, ryegrass and forage rape according to local conditions, and gradually establish a ternary structure of grain, economy and feed.

From the perspective of regional layout adjustment.

In Northeast China, the key points are "stabilizing, reducing, expanding and building", that is, stabilizing rice, reducing corn in non-dominant areas, expanding soybean, coarse cereals, potatoes and forage crops, and constructing a reasonable rotation system.

In the Huang-Huai-Hai area, the emphasis is on keeping the word stable, keeping the pressure and ensuring the safety, coordinating the grain supply and feeding, stabilizing the area of wheat and vegetables, appropriately reducing the wheat which is seriously over-exploited by groundwater in North China, planting drought-tolerant cotton, oil sunflower and potato, appropriately reducing the area of low-yield summer corn, and expanding the planting of peanuts, soybeans and forage crops.

In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the focus is on "two stabilities and one promotion", that is, stabilizing the area of double-cropping rice and rapeseed, developing high-quality weak-gluten wheat and double-low rapeseed, and improving the quality. Develop and utilize coastal saline-alkali beach resources around the lake along the river to grow cotton, and develop winter fallow fields to expand forage crops.

In South China, the focus is on "two stabilities and one expansion", that is, stabilizing the rice area, stabilizing the sugar area and expanding the winter planting area.

In southwest China, the focus is on stabilizing grain and expanding menstruation, increasing feeding and promoting grazing, intercropping multiple crops and increasing production and income. Stabilize rice, wheat and highland barley in Tibetan areas, expand the planting of potatoes and miscellaneous grains and beans, expand the production of high-quality rapeseed, reduce the corn in non-dominant areas of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, switch to high-quality forage, promote intercropping and ecological compound planting, improve the land yield and promote the increase of production and income.

In the northwest region, the focus is on stabilizing summer and autumn, stabilizing cotton supply and increasing efficiency with characteristics. Stabilize summer crops such as wheat, actively develop potatoes, spring wheat, miscellaneous grains and beans, and develop forage crops such as silage corn and alfalfa according to local conditions. Stabilize cotton planting and develop small grain and oil crops with characteristics. Strengthen the construction of seed production bases such as corn, vegetables, potatoes and alfalfa.

Fourth, policies and measures to promote the adjustment of planting structure.

Planting structure adjustment is a systematic project, which needs to strengthen top-level design, do a good job in planning guidance, and also need to strengthen project support and policy support. The Plan puts forward seven policy measures, including improving agricultural product price policy, establishing reasonable crop rotation subsidy policy, strengthening the construction of high-standard farmland, promoting agricultural science and technology innovation, improving the level of agricultural machinery and equipment, improving financial and insurance policies, strengthening ecological protection, and strengthening agricultural product market regulation.

Since the second half of last year, agricultural departments at all levels, with a high degree of self-awareness, firm confidence and innovative ideas, have focused their efforts, strengthened guidance services and paid close attention to the implementation of measures, and vigorously and orderly promoted the adjustment of planting structure, and achieved initial results. According to the reflection from various places and the analysis of the agricultural situation of the Ministry of Agriculture, the adjustment of corn structure has made a good start this year. It is expected that the corn planting area will decrease in the whole year, especially in Heilongjiang Province, where the inventory pressure is the greatest, the corn area will be reduced more and the soybean area will be restored.

Key issues

First, several characteristics of the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020)

The National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020) is a five-year plan compiled in the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, which has designed the route and outlined the blueprint for guiding the structural adjustment of various places at present and in the future, and has four distinct characteristics.

The first is to maintain continuity. Looking back on the past, the last time we compiled and printed the planting structure adjustment plan was in 1999. At that time, the Ministry of Agriculture compiled the Tenth Five-Year Plan and the Plan for 2015 for the Adjustment of Planting Production Structure, focusing on the short-term and medium-term development, and put forward the strategic objectives and basic ideas for the adjustment of planting structure during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period and the next 15 years. After that, in 2003-2007 and 2008-2015, two rounds of regional layout planning of advantageous agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar were implemented successively, mainly to highlight the regional layout of sub-varieties and the construction of industrial belts according to the supply and demand situation and regional development advantages of agricultural products. After a lapse of 17 years, we have compiled the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan. The planning period of this plan is focused on the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", that is, 2016-2020, which is connected with the last round of planting structure adjustment plan in time, and is also well connected with the dominant regional layout plan of major agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar, which maintains the continuity of planting development planning and design.

The second is to highlight pertinence. After the "twelfth consecutive increase" of grain, the relationship between supply and demand has been improved. At present, the problem of total grain is not big, and the biggest problem is structural. Under the new situation, the main contradiction of agriculture has changed from insufficient aggregate to structural contradiction, which is mainly manifested in the coexistence of staged oversupply and insufficient supply. Some supplies are not well adapted to the changes in demand, and there is a big gap in soybeans, while the increase in corn production exceeds the increase in demand, so it is difficult for milk to meet consumers’ requirements for quality and credit protection. It can be said that this round of planting structure adjustment planning has the advantages of maintaining pressure, taking and giving up, stabilizing grain varieties such as rice and wheat, reducing corn with high inventory pressure, and developing products such as soybeans, miscellaneous grains and beans, potatoes and high-quality forage in market demand. Not only in the quantity of agricultural products, but also in improving the structure, improving quality and efficiency, adding and subtracting together, and laying a good "combination boxing" for structural adjustment.

The third is to pay attention to leadership. The Plan outlines the adjustment direction and technical path of planting structure adjustment from two aspects: variety structure and regional layout. From the perspective of variety structure, the direction and focus of structural adjustment are put forward for six kinds of products: grain, cotton, oil, sugar, vegetable and feed, and the grain is subdivided into rice, wheat, corn, soybean and potato. For example, in the Plan, it is proposed that rice should be both stable in area and high in quality, and hybrid rice and conventional rice should be equally important; Wheat stabilizes winter wheat and restores spring wheat, grasping both ends and taking the middle in quality; Consolidate and upgrade the dominant corn producing areas, appropriately reduce non-dominant areas, reduce grain corn, expand silage corn, and appropriately develop fresh corn; Soybean grain-bean rotation, restoring area, improving quality and increasing benefit. From the perspective of regional layout, the adjustment focus and direction of grain, cotton, oil, sugar and vegetable feeding in six regions, namely, Northeast China, Huang-Huai-Hai region, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, South China, Southwest China and Northwest China, were defined.

The fourth is to adhere to the integrity. Based on China’s national conditions, agricultural conditions and grain conditions, a ternary structure of grain, economy and feed is constructed in the internal structure. The main crops adjusted in the Plan are grain, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, vegetables and forage crops, and forage grass is included in the adjustment of planting structure for the first time. In terms of development layout, the Plan proposes to build a crop structure with coordinated development of grain and forage crops (the development direction of grain crops, cash crops and forage crops), build a variety structure that meets the market demand (focusing on developing high-quality agricultural products, special agricultural products and special agricultural products), build a regional structure with coordinated production ecology (upgrading the main producing areas, establishing functional areas and establishing protected areas), and build a farming system combining land cultivation with land cultivation (establishing cultivated land according to the resource conditions and ecological characteristics of different regions) In terms of industrial integration, taking the transformation and upgrading of related industries as an opportunity, we will promote the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, develop the processing industry of agricultural products, expand the multi-function of agriculture, and build a pattern of integrated development of grain, economy, feeding, planting and processing, and the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

Second, compared with the previous rounds of structural adjustment, what is the difference between this round of planting structural adjustment?

Looking back on history, since the reform and opening up, China’s agricultural structure adjustment has generally experienced four rounds. The first round was in the mid-1980s. At that time, after the household contract system, the grain was harvested for many years and there was a relative surplus. However, non-food products such as cotton, oil, sugar, fruit, vegetables and tea were in short supply, and the focus of structural adjustment was to suppress grain and expand the economy. In the second round, in the early 1990s, the comprehensive production capacity of agricultural products was generally improved. In 1991, the phenomenon of "difficult to sell grain" appeared, mainly in early indica rice in the south, but the price of high-quality agricultural products was higher and the market was better. The focus of this round of structural adjustment was to develop high-yield, high-quality and efficient agriculture. In the third round, at the end of the 1990s, the grain output reached a record high (reaching 1,024.6 billion Jin in 1998), with the output exceeding 1 trillion Jin in three years. The "difficulty in selling grain" reappeared, and the country implemented strategic structural adjustment, and the areas of the three main grains of rice, wheat and corn were greatly reduced. From 1998 to 2003, the grain area decreased from 1.71 billion mu to 1.49 billion mu in five years, a decrease of 220 million mu, which was the biggest decrease in grain area since the founding of New China, and it also had the deepest impact.

The fourth round, that is, this round of structural adjustment, is different from the previous rounds of structural adjustment. Under the new situation, the main contradiction of agriculture has changed from gross shortage to structural contradiction. Promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side and accelerating the transformation of agricultural development mode are the important tasks of agricultural and rural economy at present and in the future. Judging from the three staple foods, the balance of rice is slightly surplus, wheat is basically balanced, and the supply of corn exceeds demand in stages. Therefore, the focus of this round of structural adjustment, in terms of quality, is to stabilize the area of rice, wheat and other rations, while optimizing the quality structure to meet market demand; In terms of quantity, the key point is to reduce the corn area in non-dominant areas.

Three, the main work of the Ministry of Agriculture to promote the adjustment of corn structure has been carried out.

Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Agriculture has closely focused on the main line of work of changing the mode and adjusting the structure, adhered to green development, improved quality and efficiency, and focused on reducing the corn area in the non-dominant areas in the "sickle bend" area. All localities have the same understanding, firm attitude and solid measures to promote the adjustment of corn structure. According to the reflection of all localities and the analysis of the agricultural situation of the Ministry of Agriculture, this year’s corn structure adjustment momentum is better than expected, the task implementation exceeds expectations, all the work is progressing smoothly, and the corn structure adjustment has made a good start.

First, strengthen the top-level design and do a good job in planning and guidance. In view of the new changes in the supply and demand situation after increasing grain production year after year, the Ministry of Agriculture made early analysis and judgment, strengthened top-level design and put forward countermeasures. On the basis of in-depth investigation, the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020) was compiled, and the adjustment opinions of variety structure and regional layout were put forward, so as to accelerate the construction of a modern agricultural development pattern of overall planning of grain, economy and feed, combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, integration of planting, breeding and processing, and integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. At present, there are many grain stocks, mainly corn, and corn is the focus of planting structure adjustment. In November last year, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated the Guiding Opinions on the Adjustment of Corn Structure in the Sickle Bend Area, proposing to reduce the corn area by more than 50 million mu by 2020 and by more than 10 million mu this year. At present, there is a serious shortage of soybeans in China. Recently, the executive meeting of the Ministry of Agriculture focused on promoting the development of soybean production, and formulated and issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Soybean Production. By optimizing regional layout, paying close attention to policy implementation, and promoting scientific and technological innovation, we will strive to reach 140 million mu of soybean area by 2020, an increase of 40 million mu. All localities, in combination with reality, take the initiative and take advantage of the situation to formulate specific plans for the adjustment of planting industry, especially corn structure.

The second is to strengthen organizational promotion and arrange deployment as soon as possible. Adjusting the agricultural structure and promoting the structural reform of the agricultural supply side are major tasks for the development of agricultural and rural economy this year. At the end of last year, the Ministry of Agriculture made arrangements for the adjustment of agricultural structure at the national agricultural work conference, put forward the main line of work of "improving quality and increasing efficiency, stabilizing grain and increasing income sustainably", and specially convened the national planting structure adjustment work conference to make specific arrangements for the adjustment of planting structure, focusing on the implementation of the corn structure adjustment task. In February this year, a national video conference on spring field management and spring ploughing preparation was held to put forward requirements for corn structure adjustment. At the same time, five working groups led by department leaders and bureau-level cadres were sent to areas with heavy structural adjustment tasks, such as Northeast China, Huang, Huai and Hai, to supervise and inspect the implementation of key tasks such as changing rice to beans and changing grain to feed. The agricultural departments at all levels organized nearly 300,000 government officials and agricultural technicians to go deep into the front line of production, and took the form of casing pieces and entering villages and households to effectively help farmers solve practical difficulties in structural adjustment. On April 26, the Ministry of Agriculture held a national video conference on the adjustment of planting structure and the promotion of grain-bean rotation to feed, and re-mobilized, re-arranged and re-implemented key tasks such as corn structure adjustment, grain-bean rotation and grain-to-feed in the "Sickle Bend" area. All localities have strengthened their target responsibilities, decomposed tasks at different levels, and made efforts to promote implementation. Heilongjiang province, which has the heaviest task of structural adjustment, has included the task of reducing corn into the index system of performance management evaluation of leading cadres of party and government in counties and cities by the organization department of the provincial party Committee. At present, the relevant provinces have implemented their tasks in counties and cities and in towns and villages.Implement it to the business entity.

The third is subtraction and addition, focusing on key forces. This round of corn structure adjustment is to consolidate and enhance the production capacity of dominant areas and appropriately reduce the corn planting area in non-dominant areas. Subtraction and addition should be done together, and the combination of structural adjustment should be done well, which not only reduces the corn with high inventory pressure, but also increases the agricultural products in short supply in the market. Do a good job of "subtraction", focusing on reducing the corn in the non-dominant areas in the "sickle bend" areas such as the fourth and fifth accumulated temperature zone in Northeast China, the farming-pastoral ecotone in North China, the sandstorm arid area in Northwest China and the rocky desertification area in Southwest China. Since last year, the Ministry of Agriculture has repeatedly cooperated with the "Sickle Bend" areas, especially the four northeastern provinces, to reduce corn production by province. At the same time, in accordance with the requirements of the No.1 Document of the Central Committee, we will explore the implementation of the pilot system of farmland rotation fallow with relevant departments, and plan to carry out pilot fallow in groundwater funnel areas, heavy metal pollution areas and areas with serious ecological degradation. Do a good job of "addition" and actively guide farmers to reduce the corn area and expand the crops such as soybeans, miscellaneous grains and beans, potatoes, silage corn and high-quality forage that the market needs. This year, it is planned to implement 5 million mu of rice-to-bean pilot in four northeastern provinces and regions to promote the "one main and four auxiliary" planting model; In 18 provinces (regions) in the "Three North" area, arid and semi-arid area and farming-pastoral ecotone, 100 counties were selected to carry out the pilot project of changing grain to feed, so as to raise with seeds and promote raising with seeds, and vigorously develop herbivorous animal husbandry.

The fourth is to integrate technical models and pay close attention to guidance services. To promote the adjustment of corn structure, it is necessary to increase technical guidance services and demonstration guidance. Organized experts from the Ministry of Agriculture to guide the composition of regions and crops, and formulated 19 technical plans for the adjustment of planting structure, guiding the adjustment of adaptability, combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, ecological protection, combination of farming and cultivation, maintenance and pressure, and around the market. Strengthen demonstration and guidance, create more than 160 counties with green, high yield and high efficiency, and take the lead in implementing the integrated technology model of corn structure adjustment. Supervise and urge all localities to implement structural adjustment as soon as possible to replace the seeds of crops and supporting machinery and other materials, do a good job in adjusting the surplus and deficiency, and ensure the needs of planting structure adjustment. The Ministry of Agriculture has organized seven trainings in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces to change farmers’ planting habits and master the corresponding cultivation techniques. In May, combined with the survey of "100 rural households", we organized government officials and agricultural technicians to go deep into key areas of structural adjustment, do a good job in technical guidance and services, and promote the implementation of various measures.

The fifth is to strengthen policy support and release positive signals. Adjusting and optimizing the corn structure needs market information guidance, but also needs policy support, so that farmers are willing to adjust, adjust and stabilize. This year, the Ministry of Agriculture, together with the Ministry of Finance, integrated more than 3 billion yuan of funds to support the adjustment of agricultural structure, focusing on subsidies for changing grain to feed and grain-bean rotation in the "sickle bend" area. Actively cooperate with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other departments, improve the policy of purchasing and storing corn, and promote the reform of "market-oriented acquisition" and "subsidy". Conscientiously implement the soybean target price policy, scientifically adopt the price, reasonably calculate, safeguard the interests of farmers, and guide the expansion of soybeans. At the beginning of April, the Ministry of Agriculture held a press conference to introduce the adjustment of corn structure to the society in a timely manner, publicize and interpret the reform policy of corn storage and storage, let local governments and farmers understand the content and requirements of the policy, and guide local governments to rationally arrange planting structure. At the same time, three working groups led by bureau-level cadres were sent to go deep into the front line of spring ploughing production, conduct research and preach policies. Open a column in Farmers Daily to publicize the good experiences and practices of corn structural adjustment in various places and create a good public opinion atmosphere.

Four, this year the central government issued a policy to support the adjustment of planting structure.

This year, when the financial resources of the central government are very difficult, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance have integrated more than 3 billion yuan of funds to support the adjustment of agricultural structure, focusing on the grain-bean rotation in the "sickle bend" area, the subsidy for changing grain to feed, and the pilot project of arable land rotation and fallow.

First, support the development of grain-soybean rotation in Northeast China. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture carried out a pilot project of grain-bean rotation in Bei ‘an City, Zhaoguang Farm and Jianshan Farm in Heilongjiang Province, and achieved good results. This year, we will expand the pilot scope of grain-bean rotation and give financial support. It is planned to arrange 5 million mu of grain and bean rotation tasks, including 2.5 million mu in Heilongjiang, 1 million mu in Jilin and Inner Mongolia, and 500,000 mu in Liaoning. Focus on the promotion of the "one main and four auxiliary" planting model, with corn and soybean rotation as the main, supplemented by potato, forage, miscellaneous grains and beans, and oil crops.

The second is to expand the pilot program of changing grain to feed. On the basis of summing up the experience of last year’s pilot project, this year’s pilot project of changing grain to feed was extended to the whole "sickle bend" area and the main corn producing areas in Huang, Huai and Hai, and the number of pilot counties increased from 30 to 100. The funds for grain-to-feed conversion go to the province, the tasks go to the province, and the responsibilities go to the province, giving the local authorities full autonomy. All relevant provinces are required to formulate and improve the implementation plan, refine the principles of policy implementation, improve the assessment and supervision system, and ensure the completion of the task of changing 5 million mu of grain to feed. Support large-scale cattle and sheep farms and forage enterprises to store and store high-quality forage such as whole-plant silage corn. We will cultivate high-quality forage crops such as silage corn, forage oats, sweet sorghum, etc., and transform herbivorous livestock such as cattle and sheep on the spot, so as to promote the construction of an agricultural development pattern of overall planning of grain and feed, integration of planting and breeding, and combination of agriculture and animal husbandry.

The third is to explore the pilot system of fallow farmland. Implementing the pilot system of arable land rotation and fallow is an important measure to promote the sustainable development of agriculture and an important content of planting structure adjustment. This year, it is planned to take the lead in carrying out pilot projects in groundwater funnel areas, heavy metal pollution areas and areas with serious ecological degradation, give appropriate subsidies to the pilot projects of fallow, and explore different fallow modes such as seasonal fallow, fallow every other year and fallow year after year.

Notice of the Ministry of Agriculture on Printing and Distributing the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020)

Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, agriculture (agriculture, animal husbandry and rural economy), agricultural machinery, animal husbandry and reclamation bureau (department, committee), Agricultural Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

In order to implement the spirit of "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing New Development Ideas and Accelerating Agricultural Modernization to Achieve the Goal of a Well-off Society in an All-round Way" (Zhongfa [2016] No.1), solidly promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and strive to improve the quality and efficiency of the agricultural supply system, the Ministry of Agriculture has compiled the National Planting Structure Adjustment Plan (2016-2020), which is now issued. Please seriously organize the implementation according to the actual situation.

Ministry of agriculture
April 11, 2016

National planting structure adjustment plan
(2016-2020)

Planting is an important foundation of agriculture, and grain, cotton, oil, sugar and vegetables are important products related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China’s grain production increased year after year, and the planting industry continued to develop steadily, which provided a strong support for the overall economic development and reform. The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period is the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the situation it faces is more complicated and the task of development is more arduous. In order to adapt to the new normal of economic development and promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, we must speed up the transformation of development mode, adjust and optimize planting structure, improve the quality of development in an all-round way, and make every effort to ensure national food security and effective supply of important agricultural products.

The main crops adjusted in this plan are grain, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, vegetables and forage crops, and the planning period is 2016-2020.

First, the necessity and urgency of planting structure adjustment

Since the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central government has attached great importance to the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, made a series of major arrangements, and issued a series of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers and enrich farmers, which effectively promoted the sustained and stable development of grain and planting industry and made great achievements. Agricultural production capacity has been steadily improved. The grain output exceeded 550 million tons for five consecutive years and 600 million tons for three consecutive years, and the comprehensive production capacity exceeded 550 million tons. At the same time, horticultural crops such as fruit, vegetable and tea have developed steadily, and the yield level of industrial raw materials such as cotton, oil and sugar has been further improved. A number of production bases of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar have been built, and the production base of "rice bags" and "vegetable baskets" has been continuously consolidated. The basic conditions of agriculture continued to improve. The effective irrigation area of farmland reached 986 million mu, accounting for 54.7% of the total cultivated area, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water reached 0.52; A new batch of high-standard farmland was built to ensure the harvest of drought and flood, and the quality of cultivated land was improved. The level of scientific and technological support has been significantly enhanced. The contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress exceeds 56%, and the improved varieties of major crops, especially food crops, have basically achieved full coverage; The total power of agricultural machinery reached 1.1 billion kilowatts, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of main crops reached 63%. The degree of production intensification has been continuously improved. The transfer area of contracted cultivated land reached 403 million mu, accounting for 30.4% of the contracted cultivated land area of households; There are 1,288,800 farmers’ professional cooperatives, and the farmers who join the cooperatives account for about 36% of the total number of farmers in the country; The coverage rate of major pests and diseases of major crops reached 30%. The dominant zones of major products have taken shape.Wheat focuses on Huanghuaihai, rice on Northeast China and Yangtze River valley, corn on Northeast China and Huanghuaihai, soybean on Northeast China and South Huanghuaihai, cotton on Xinjiang, rape on Yangtze River valley, and sugar on Guangxi and Yunnan, forming a number of advantageous industrial belts of agricultural products with distinctive characteristics and concentrated layout.

At present, China’s agricultural development environment is undergoing profound changes, with old problems accumulating and new contradictions emerging, facing many difficulties and challenges. First, the variety structure is unbalanced. The supply and demand of wheat and rice rations are balanced, the supply of corn exceeds demand in stages, and the gap between supply and demand of soybeans is widening year by year. Cotton, oilseeds, sugar, etc. are subject to resource constraints and the impact of the international market. Imports have increased substantially and production has declined. There is a shortage of high-quality forage, and imports are increasing year by year. Second, the pressure of resource and environment constraints is increasing. The rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization will occupy a part of cultivated land and squeeze a part of agricultural water space. Problems such as the degradation of cultivated land quality, over-exploitation of groundwater in North China and eutrophication of surface water in South China are prominent, and the "hard constraint" on agricultural production is intensified, and the extensive development mode of fighting for resource consumption and material factors investment is unsustainable. Third, the demand for upgrading the consumption structure is getting higher and higher. With the development of economy, the ability to pay and living standards of urban and rural residents have been continuously improved. Consumers’ demand for agricultural products has changed from full to good, safe and healthy, and has entered a new stage of consumption-led agricultural development transformation. Fourth, the degree of industrial integration is getting deeper and deeper. With the continuous extension of the modern agricultural industrial chain and the increasing industrial added value, it is necessary to develop multiple functions and multiple values of agriculture, promote the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, and realize the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Fifth, the linkage between domestic and international markets is getting tighter and tighter. With the deepening of economic globalization and trade liberalization, the domestic and international markets are deeply integrated, the flow of resource elements and products is accelerated, the competitive advantage of domestic agricultural products is insufficient, and the import pressure is increasing. Besides,Affected by global warming, extreme weather, such as high temperature, drought, floods, etc., frequently recur, and the occurrence of pests and diseases is increasing, which poses a threat to the safety of agricultural production.

Under the new situation, the main contradiction of agriculture has changed from gross shortage to structural contradiction. Promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side and accelerating the transformation of agricultural development mode are the important tasks of agricultural and rural economy at present and in the future. These major arrangements and requirements have brought rare opportunities to the adjustment of planting structure. First, there is a new concept of development. The five new development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing" provide basic follow-up for adjusting and optimizing planting structure. Second, there is a huge market consumption. There are still five years to achieve the goal of the first century. In addition, with the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, it has entered an important stage of sustained growth in consumer demand, accelerated upgrading of consumption structure, and obvious enhancement of the role of consumption in stimulating the economy. There is huge market space and external motivation continues to increase. Third, there is the support of accelerating scientific and technological innovation. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation centered on biology, information, new materials and new energy technologies are gaining momentum. A number of new technologies such as the Internet of Things, intelligent equipment and DNA bio-memory cards are constantly emerging. With the in-depth implementation of the national science and technology innovation-driven strategy and "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", new formats such as smart agriculture and ecological agriculture have emerged as the times require, and their internal motivation has been continuously enhanced. Fourth, the deepening of rural reform. The reform of rural collective property rights system, the reform and improvement of the price formation mechanism and purchasing and storage system of agricultural products such as grain, the improvement of the mechanism of sustained growth of agricultural and rural investment, and the promotion of more financial resources to the countryside will further release the reform dividend. Fifth, there is deep integration at home and abroad.China has been deeply integrated into the globalization pattern, and the accelerated implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategy has coordinated the international and domestic markets and resources, expanding the space for adjusting and optimizing the planting structure.

In the face of the new situation and new challenges, we must take the initiative and follow the trend, accelerate the transformation of agricultural development mode, promote the structural adjustment of planting industry, enhance quality and efficiency and competitiveness, ensure national food security and promote the sustainable development of planting industry.

Second, the ideas, principles, objectives and tasks of planting structure adjustment

(A) the overall thinking

Fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee, thoroughly implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, implement the national food security strategy and the strategy of storing grain in the land and technology under the new situation, adhere to market orientation, scientific and technological support and ecological priority, change the development mode, accelerate transformation and upgrading, consolidate and enhance grain production capacity, promote the structural adjustment of planting industry, and optimize the variety structure and regional layout. We will build a pattern of overall planning of grain economy and feeding, combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, integration of planting, breeding and processing, and integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and take the road of agricultural modernization with high output efficiency, product safety, resource conservation and environmental friendliness.

(2) Basic principles

1. Adhere to the bottom line thinking to ensure food security. The adjustment of planting structure should be based on China’s national conditions and grain situation, concentrate on keeping the most basic and important, and keep the strategic bottom line of "grain is basically self-sufficient and rations are absolutely safe". Strengthen the construction of major grain producing areas, establish grain production functional zones and important agricultural products production protection zones, and consolidate and enhance grain production capacity.

2. Adhere to market orientation and promote industrial integration. Give play to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources and guide farmers to arrange production and planting structures. Taking the upgrading and transformation of related industries as an opportunity, we will promote the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, develop agricultural products processing industry, expand agricultural multi-functions, realize the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and enhance agricultural benefits.

3. Insist on highlighting key points, so as to keep pressure. According to the resource endowment and regional differences, the pressure is maintained in an orderly manner and the trade-offs are moderate. Optimize the variety structure, focusing on ensuring rations and grains, taking into account the production of cotton, oil, sugar and vegetables, and developing marketable high-quality varieties. Optimize regional layout, give full play to comparative advantages, consolidate and upgrade advantageous areas, and appropriately reduce non-advantageous areas. Optimize crop structure and establish ternary structure of grain, economy and feeding.

4. Adhere to innovation drive and pay attention to improving quality and efficiency. Promote scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the basic conditions of agricultural science and technology and the construction of equipment support capacity, and improve the scientific and technological level of planting structure adjustment. Promote mechanism innovation, cultivate new agricultural business entities and new agricultural service entities, develop moderate scale operations, and enhance the level of intensification and organization.

5. Adhere to ecological protection and promote sustainable development. Establish the concept of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature, save and efficiently use agricultural resources, promote the reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, establish a farmland rotation system, realize the combination of land use and land conservation, and promote the sustainable utilization of resources and the coordinated development of production ecology.

6. Insist on focusing on the whole world and coordinating the two markets. On the premise of ensuring the bottom line of national food security, we should make full use of international agricultural resources and product markets, maintain moderate imports of some short varieties, and meet the domestic market demand. Guide domestic enterprises to participate in international capacity cooperation, allocate resources and industries in the international market, and enhance the international competitiveness and global influence of China’s agriculture.

(3) Development goals

The goal of planting structure adjustment is mainly "two guarantees, three stability and two coordination".

"two guarantees", that is, food and grain. By 2020, the grain area will be stable at about 1.65 billion mu, including 800 million mu of rice and wheat rations, and 1.4 billion mu of grain.

"Three stabilities" means stabilizing the self-sufficiency level of cotton, edible vegetable oil and sugar. By 2020, we will strive to stabilize the cotton area at about 50 million mu, the oil area at about 200 million mu and the sugar area at about 24 million mu.

"Two coordinations" means the coordinated development of vegetable production and demand, forage production and animal husbandry. By 2020, the area of vegetables will be stable at about 320 million mu, and the area of forage grass will reach 95 million mu.

(4) Adjusting tasks

1. Build a crop structure with coordinated development of grain and feed. To adapt to the new trend of agricultural development, establish a ternary structure of grain crops, cash crops and forage crops. Grain crops: strengthen the construction of major grain producing areas, build a number of functional areas for high and stable grain production, strengthen infrastructure construction, improve the level of science and technology and material equipment, and constantly consolidate grain production capacity. Cash crops: stabilize the planting area of cotton, oilseeds and sugar crops and build a number of stable commodity production bases. Stabilize vegetable area, develop facility production and realize balanced supply. Forage crops: actively develop high-quality forage crops in accordance with the principle of cultivating with seeds and promoting cultivation with seeds.

2. Build a variety structure that meets the market demand. The upgrading of consumption structure requires agriculture to provide products with sufficient quantity and excellent quality. Develop high-quality agricultural products, giving priority to the development of high-quality agricultural products such as high-quality rice, strong gluten and weak gluten wheat, "double low" rapeseed, high-protein soybean, high-oil peanut, high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane. Develop special agricultural products, actively develop special varieties for processing such as sweet glutinous corn, processed early indica rice, high lysine corn, high oil corn and high starch potato, and develop alfalfa and silage corn with high biological yield, high protein content and low crude fiber content. Develop characteristic agricultural products, develop rice that inherits farming civilization and protects characteristic germplasm resources according to local conditions, miscellaneous grains and beans with regional characteristics, small oil crops with unique flavor and agricultural products with geographical indications. Cultivate well-known brands, expand market influence, and provide consumers with nutritious, healthy, quality and safety agricultural products.

3. Construct a regional structure with coordinated production ecology. Considering the factors such as resource carrying capacity, environmental capacity, ecological type and development foundation, we will determine the development direction and focus of different regions, make classified policies and promote them step by step, and build a scientific, reasonable and professional production pattern. To promote the main producing areas, the key points are to develop the advantageous grain and oil producing areas such as the Northeast Plain, the Huang-Huai-Hai Region, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the inland cotton region of Xinjiang, the advantageous sugarcane region of Guangxi, Yunnan and Guangdong, develop the transportation base of southern vegetables to the north and the vegetable facilities in the north, strengthen the infrastructure construction and steadily increase the production capacity. Establish functional zones, giving priority to the delineation of wheat and paddy fields with good water and soil resources matching and relatively concentrated contiguous areas as food production functional zones, especially the Hangjiahu Plain, Guanzhong Plain, Hexi Corridor, Hetao Irrigation Area and Southwest Multi-cropping Area, which are not the main producing areas, as food production functional zones. Establish protected areas, speed up the priority of important agricultural products with outstanding resource advantages and obvious regional characteristics, and focus on the development of protected areas for important products such as northeast soybeans, "double low" rapeseed in the Yangtze River basin, cotton in Xinjiang, and "double high" sugarcane in Guangxi.

4. Construct a farming system combining land cultivation with land cultivation. According to the resource conditions and ecological characteristics of different regions, the cultivated land rotation system is established to promote sustainable development. Eco-friendly farming systems, such as corn-soybean rotation, corn-alfalfa rotation and wheat-soybean rotation, are implemented in the cold and cold areas of Northeast China to play the role of biological nitrogen fixation and soil fertility. In the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, we will focus on developing crops and pastures that are water-saving, drought-tolerant and stress-resistant, so as to prevent soil erosion and achieve a win-win situation for ecological restoration and production development. According to the conditions of precipitation and irrigation, the crops should be planted with water, and miscellaneous grains, beans and drought-tolerant grasses with less water consumption should be planted to improve the utilization rate of water resources in the sandstorm arid area of northwest China. In the multi-ripened areas in the south, we should develop various forms of intercropping and interplanting modes, such as Gramineae and Leguminosae, tall and short stalks, paddy fields and dry fields, and effectively use light and temperature resources to achieve sustainable development. In addition, on the premise of ensuring national food security and basically stabilizing farmers’ planting income, we will carry out fallow pilot projects in groundwater funnel areas, heavy metal pollution areas and areas with serious ecological degradation. It is forbidden to abandon farming and waste farming, and farmers are encouraged to take protective measures against fallow farmland.

Third, the variety structure and regional layout

(A) the focus of variety structure adjustment

1. Food. Stick to the bottom line of "grain is basically self-sufficient and food rations are absolutely safe", adhere to the principle of maintaining pressure and giving priority, with emphasis on maintaining food rations and grains, focusing on developing rice and wheat production in food rations, optimizing the structure of corn, and developing edible soybeans, potatoes and miscellaneous grains and beans according to local conditions.

—— Rice: Stabilizing the area and improving the quality, and paying equal attention to hybrid rice and conventional rice.

Stabilizing area and improving quality simultaneously. Consolidate the japonica rice producing areas in the north, stabilize the production of double-cropping rice in the south, expand the planting area of high-quality rice, and promote quality improvement and efficiency improvement. By 2020, the rice area will be stable at 450 million mu, and the proportion of high-quality rice will reach 80%.

Both hybrid rice and conventional rice are equally important. Give full play to the advantages of hybrid rice breeding technology in China, speed up the breeding of new hybrid rice varieties with high yield, high quality and high resistance, stabilize the area of hybrid rice, and promote the increase of yield and quality. Using modern breeding technology, we can speed up the purification and rejuvenation of conventional rice varieties, reduce the cost of using seeds, give play to the quality advantages of conventional rice, and improve planting efficiency.

-wheat: stabilize winter wheat and restore spring wheat, grasp both ends and take the middle.

Stabilize winter wheat and restore spring wheat. Stabilize winter wheat in the main producing areas such as Huanghuaihai and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Combined with the establishment of a reasonable rotation system, spring wheat will be properly restored in the cold areas of Northeast China, Hetao area of Inner Mongolia and northern Tianshan area of Xinjiang. By 2020, the wheat area will be stable at about 360 million mu, of which winter wheat will be stable at 330 million mu.

Grab both ends and take the middle. "Catch both ends" and vigorously develop high-quality strong gluten wheat for processing bread and high-quality weak gluten wheat for processing biscuit cakes, which are in short supply in the market. "With the middle", the quality of medium gluten or medium strong gluten wheat used for processing steamed bread and noodles will be improved.

-Corn: reduce grain corn, expand silage corn, and appropriately develop fresh corn.

Reduce grain corn. Consolidate and enhance the dominant areas of corn, appropriately reduce the non-dominant areas, focusing on reducing the area of spring corn in the cold northeast area, the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, the sandstorm and arid area in the northwest, and the low-yield summer corn in the Huang-Huai-Hai area, vigorously promote varieties suitable for grain harvesting and promote the whole process of mechanized production. By 2020, the corn area will be stable at about 500 million mu, with the focus on reducing the corn area in the "sickle bend" area by more than 50 million mu.

Expand silage corn. According to the requirements of breeding with seeds and promoting breeding with seeds, we should develop silage corn according to local conditions, provide high-quality feed sources, and transform and add value on the spot. By 2020, the area of silage corn will reach 25 million mu.

Appropriately develop fresh corn. To meet the needs of residents’ consumption upgrading, we will expand the cultivation of fresh corn and provide residents with nutritious and healthy dietary fiber and fruits and vegetables. By 2020, the area of fresh corn will reach 15 million mu.

-soybean: rotation of grain and beans, restoration of area, improvement of quality and efficiency.

Grain-bean rotation and restoration area. Carry out grain-soybean rotation according to local conditions, promote corn-soybean rotation mode in Northeast China, and promote corn-soybean rotation, wheat-soybean double cropping or corn-soybean intercropping in Huang-Huai-Hai area to restore soybean planting area appropriately. By 2020, the soybean area will reach 140 million mu, an increase of about 40 million mu.

Improve quality and efficiency. According to the dietary habits of Chinese residents and the current situation of supply and demand in soybean market, the area of high-quality edible soybeans in Northeast China will be expanded and the area of oil soybeans will be stabilized. Huang-Huai-Hai area should focus on high-quality and high-protein edible soybeans and restore the area appropriately. Accelerate scientific and technological innovation, increase policy support, promote the innovation of management system, and realize increasing production and efficiency, saving costs and increasing efficiency, improving quality and efficiency. Realize the dislocation competition between domestic soybeans and foreign high-oil soybeans, and meet the national consumption demand for healthy plant protein.

-Potato miscellaneous grains: expand the area, optimize the structure, process and transform, improve the quality and increase efficiency.

Expand the area and optimize the structure. Appropriately reduce the corn area in the "sickle bend" area and replant drought-tolerant and barren potatoes and miscellaneous grains and beans to meet the market demand and protect the ecological environment. By 2020, the planting area of potato miscellaneous grains will reach about 230 million mu.

Processing and transformation, improving quality and increasing efficiency. According to the requirements of "nutrition guides consumption and consumer guide production", the multi-functions of potato coarse cereals with nutrition and health and homology of medicine and food are developed, which are widely used in the fields of staple food product development, brewing, nutrition and health care, deep processing, etc., to promote the connection between large-scale planting and production and marketing, realize the transformation and value-added of processing, and drive farmers to increase production and income.

2. cotton. Stabilize the area and increase efficiency by double lifting.

Stable area. Affected by factors such as declining planting benefits, cotton production is concentrated in dominant areas, in saline-alkali beaches and sandy dry land, and in high-efficiency planting mode areas. Under the existing "three-legged" pattern of inland cotton areas in the northwest, cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin and cotton areas in the Yangtze River Basin, Xinjiang cotton areas will be upgraded and the coastal cotton areas along the Yellow River and the Yellow River Lake will be consolidated. By 2020, the cotton area will be stable at about 50 million mu, of which the cotton area in Xinjiang will be stable at about 25 million mu.

Double lifting and efficiency improvement. Focus on improving yield, quality and efficiency. Accelerate the breeding of high-yield cotton varieties with salt and alkali tolerance, strong resistance and suitable for mechanical harvesting, and integrate technologies such as transplanting and harvesting of cotton production machinery. At the same time, it solves the quality problems of foreign fibers such as cotton "three filaments", as well as mechanical impurities, fiber length and strength reduction, and realizes increasing production and efficiency, saving costs and increasing efficiency, improving quality and efficiency.

3. Oil. Give priority to two oils, with more oil at the same time.

Two oils are the main ones. Focus on the development of rapeseed and peanut production. Stabilize the area of rapeseed and peanut in the Yangtze River basin and the area of peanut in Huanghuaihai, and expand the area of peanut in the farming-pastoral ecotone in Northeast China according to local conditions. By 2020, the rapeseed area will be stable at about 100 million mu, and the peanut area will be stable at about 70 million mu.

More oil at the same time. According to local conditions, we will develop small oil crops such as sunflower, sesame and flax, which are drought-tolerant, salt-tolerant and barren, and actively develop high-oil corn. Demonstration and promotion of oil peony and Cyperus esculentus in suitable areas to increase new oil sources. Make full use of cottonseed, rice bran and other raw materials to develop edible vegetable oil.

4. sugar. Stable area, double lifting and double increase.

Stable area. By improving the price formation mechanism of sugarcane and integrating the cost-saving and efficiency-increasing technologies based on mechanical harvesting, farmers’ enthusiasm for planting sugarcane was mobilized. The key point is to stabilize the advantageous producing areas such as Guangxi and Yunnan, and appropriately reduce the sugarcane producing areas that do not have comparative advantages. By 2020, the area of sugar will be stable at about 24 million mu, of which the area of sugarcane will be stable at about 21 million mu.

Double increase and double increase. Efforts should be made to increase yield per unit area, sugar content, yield and benefit. Accelerate the breeding of new varieties with high yield, high sugar content, stress resistance and suitable for mechanical harvesting, vigorously promote virus-free healthy sugarcane seedlings, and integrate supporting light, simple and efficient cultivation techniques to improve yield, quality and efficiency.

5. vegetables. Stable area, high quality and efficiency, and balanced supply.

Stable area. Coordinate the production of superior vegetable producing areas and "vegetable gardens" in large and medium-sized cities, consolidate and enhance the vegetable production in northern facilities, and stabilize the vegetable planting area. By 2020, the vegetable area will be stable at about 320 million mu, including 63 million mu of protected vegetables.

Quality and efficiency. The key point is to popularize technologies such as water saving, environmental protection and green prevention and control, and establish a systematic and complete product quality traceability system from field to table to ensure the quality and safety of vegetable products. Improve the protection ability of protected agriculture, promote the integration of fertilizer and water and small working machinery, and promote modern technologies such as intelligent monitoring and "internet plus" according to local conditions, so as to increase production and increase efficiency, save costs and increase efficiency.

Balanced supply. Coordinate the vegetable production in the vegetable base transported from south to north and the protected vegetable production in the north, and develop the vegetable production in early spring, late autumn and overwintering. Improve circulation facilities, strengthen the construction of cold chain in producing areas, focus on solving the contradiction of uneven distribution of vegetable supply in time and space, and achieve balanced supply throughout the year.

6. Forage crops. Cultivate and bring species and develop in a diversified way.

To raise and bring seeds. According to the layout and scale of aquaculture production, we will develop high-quality forage such as silage corn according to local conditions, and gradually establish a ternary structure of grain, economy and feed. By 2020, the area of silage corn will reach 25 million mu and the area of alfalfa will reach 35 million mu.

Diversified development. In the northern region, high-quality forage grasses such as alfalfa, silage corn and forage oats will be developed, while in the southern region, ryegrass, clover, Pennisetum, forage rape, forage ramie and forage mulberry leaves will be developed.

(B) the focus of regional layout adjustment

Considering the natural ecological conditions, production development status and structural adjustment potential comprehensively, the adjustment focus and direction of the six regions are defined.

1. Northeast China.

-regional characteristics. This area has a vast territory and a large area of cultivated land. Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain and Liaohe Plain are located in the core of this area, and the cultivated land is fertile and concentrated, which is suitable for agricultural machinery cultivation. Abundant rainfall, the annual precipitation is 500-700 mm, the frost-free period is 80-180 days, the first frost day is in the first and middle of September, the accumulated temperature is ≥10℃ and the sunshine hours are 2300-3000 hours. It is suitable for crop growth in the same season, and it is the best planting area and commodity grain production base in China. The light, warm and hot conditions in the area can meet the planting needs of spring wheat, corn, soybean, japonica rice, potato, peanut, sunflower, beet, miscellaneous grains, miscellaneous beans and temperate fruits and vegetables. Since the beginning of the new century, the specialization of planting production in this area has been rapidly improved, and it has become an important concentrated corn and japonica rice producing area in China. At the same time, the area of other crops is decreasing, especially the planting area of traditional dominant crop soybean is decreasing. Due to the climate and variety, there are few special varieties and weak market competitiveness in grain production in this area to some extent.

-Adjust the direction: stress the four-word essentials of "stabilization, reduction, expansion and construction", that is, stabilize the rice area, reduce the corn area, expand the planting of soybeans, miscellaneous grains, potatoes and forage crops, and build a reasonable rotation system.

Stabilize the rice area. Stabilize the rice area in the advantageous producing areas such as Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain. Accelerate the continuous construction and water-saving transformation of large and medium-sized irrigation areas, especially increase the construction of water conservancy projects of "two rivers and one lake" (Heilongjiang, Wusuli River and Xingkai Lake), improve rice irrigation methods, expand self-flow irrigation area, reduce well irrigation area and control groundwater exploitation. By 2020, the proportion of gravity irrigation area of rice in Northeast China will reach about 2/3.

Reduce the area of corn. Reduce the corn planting area in the fourth and fifth accumulated temperature zones such as northern Heilongjiang and Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia, and the farming-pastoral ecotone. By 2020, the area of grain corn will be reduced by more than 30 million mu.

Expand soybean, coarse cereals, potatoes and forage crops. The reduced corn area is replanted with soybeans, spring wheat, miscellaneous grains and beans, silage corn and other crops. Among them, in 2020, the soybean area will reach 81 million mu, and the silage corn area will reach 10 million mu.

Construct a reasonable rotation system. Carry out corn soybean, wheat soybean and potato soybean rotation in the fourth and fifth accumulated temperature zones of Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, carry out corn soybean rotation in southern Heilongjiang, Jilin and eastern Liaoning, carry out "525 rotation" (i.e. 5-year alfalfa, 2-year corn and 5-year alfalfa) in the farming-pastoral ecotone in northeast China, and carry out wheat rape rotation in the foothills of Daxing ‘anling, so as to realize the combination of land cultivation and gradually establish a reasonable rotation system.

In addition, the region should develop greenhouse and other facilities vegetables in large and medium-sized cities according to local conditions, and improve the self-sufficiency rate of vegetables in winter and spring off-season.

2. Huanghuaihai area.

-regional characteristics. Located in the vast area north of Qinling-Huaihe line and south of the Great Wall, this area belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate, with good agricultural production conditions, flat land and rich light and heat resources. The annual precipitation is 500-800 mm, the accumulated temperature is ≥10℃ and 4000-4500℃, the frost-free period is 175-220 days, and the sunshine hours are 2200-2800 hours. It can be triple-cropped every two years to double-cropped every year. It is the dominant producing area and traditional cotton area of winter wheat, corn, peanuts and soybeans in China, and it is an important producing area of seasonal vegetables and protected vegetables. Lack of water resources, over-exploitation of groundwater and decline in the quantity and quality of cultivated land are the main limiting factors of agricultural production in this area. Beijing and Tianjin are two municipalities directly under the central government, and the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has special requirements for the agricultural production structure in this area.

—— Adjust the direction: pay attention to the stability of words, keep pressure and guarantee in advance, and make overall plans for grain, economy and feeding.

Keep the word steady. This area is an important production base of grain, cotton and rape in China, and has formed a set of mature farming system and planting mode. The key point is to stabilize the wheat area, improve the planting mode of wheat/corn and wheat/soybean (peanut) twice a year, do a good job of stubble connection, and vigorously develop high-quality strong gluten wheat. Stabilize the area of vegetables and expand the area of silage corn. By 2020, the area of wheat will be stable at 240 million mu, the area of corn will be stable at 160 million mu and the area of vegetables will be stable at 100 million mu.

Pressure and protection go hand in hand On the premise of steadily increasing grain production capacity, we will moderately reduce the wheat planting area in the severely over-exploited area of groundwater in North China, replant crops such as cotton and oil sunflower that are drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant, and expand crops such as potatoes and alfalfa that are drought-tolerant. Keep the cotton area in coastal saline-alkali land and tidal flat stable.

Overall planning of grain, economy and feeding. Coordinate the production of grain, cotton and rape feed, and appropriately expand the planting of peanuts, soybeans and forage grass. By 2020, the peanut area will be more than 37 million mu, the soybean area will reach 40 million mu, and the alfalfa area will reach 5 million mu.

3. Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

-regional characteristics. This area belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with rich water and heat resources, dense river network and developed water system. It is a traditional land of plenty in China. The annual precipitation is 800-1600 mm, the frost-free period is 210-300 days, the accumulated temperature is ≥10℃ and 4500-5600℃, and the sunshine hours are 2000-2300 hours. The farming system is mainly two or three crops a year, and double-cropping rice can be developed in most areas and three crops a year can be implemented. Paddy fields are the main cultivated land, accounting for about 60% of the total cultivated land area. Planting is mainly rice, wheat, rape, cotton and other crops, and it is an important production base of grain, cotton and oil in China. This area is the main producing area of rice and wheat double cropping in China, and the season of japonica rice and wheat double cropping is tight. How to coordinate the upper and lower crops to achieve annual high yield is the main problem at present.

—— Adjust the direction: "two stables and one lift", that is, stabilize the area of double-cropping rice, stabilize the area of rapeseed and improve the quality.

Stabilize the area of double cropping rice. Popularize centralized rice seedling raising and mechanical transplanting, improve seedling quality, reduce labor intensity, and maintain the stability of double-cropping rice area. Standardize the development of direct seeding rice, reduce the use of herbicides, avoid disasters such as late spring cold and cold dew wind, restore the ecology of rice fields, and develop ratooning rice according to local conditions. By 2020, the area of double-cropping rice will be stable at 110 million mu.

Stabilize the rape area. Accelerate the breeding and promotion of rapeseed varieties with short growth period and suitable for harvesting by machine, and do a good job of stubble connection. Develop and utilize winter fallow fields and expand rape planting. Accelerate the breeding of rapeseed varieties with different uses, and actively expand various functions such as vegetable use, flower use, fertilizer use and feed use. By 2020, the rape area will be stable at 60 million mu.

Improve quality. Breeding and popularizing high-quality indica and japonica rice varieties with moderate growth period, high yield and good quality, assembling supporting technical models and reasonably arranging stubble. Breeding and popularizing special varieties of weak gluten wheat with high yield and high quality, integrating and supporting high yield and high efficiency technical models, expanding high quality weak gluten wheat according to local conditions and increasing market supply. Popularize "double low" rapeseed to improve rapeseed quality.

In addition, the coastal saline-alkali beach resources around the lake along the Yangtze River are developed to grow cotton, and winter fallow fields are developed to expand forage crops such as ryegrass.

4. South China.

-regional characteristics. Most of this area belongs to the humid climate in the south subtropical zone, and it is the region with the richest water and heat resources in China, with annual precipitation of 1300-2000mm, frost-free period of 235-340 days, accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ of 6500-9300℃ and sunshine hours of 1500-2600 hours. The south has a tropical climate, which is frost-free all year round and can be harvested three times a year. This area is densely populated, with less arable land per capita. Cultivated land is mainly paddy fields; The terrain is complex and diverse, with valleys, plains, intermountain basins and middle and low mountains staggered. It is an important tropical fruit, sugarcane and anti-season vegetable producing area in China, and its products are sold to Hong Kong and Macao. Traditional food crops are mainly rice and fresh corn, and potatoes have developed rapidly in recent years. Oil crops are mainly peanuts.

-Adjustment direction: "two stables and one expansion", that is, stabilizing the rice area, stabilizing the sugar area and expanding the winter planting area.

Stabilize the rice area. Stabilize the area of double-cropping rice, integrate and popularize key technologies such as centralized seedling raising, machine transplanting and seedling throwing, and improve the degree of production organization; Breeding and popularizing high-quality indica rice, focusing on improving rice quality, promoting rice processing and transformation, and improving market competitiveness. Develop ratooning rice according to local conditions. By 2020, the rice area will be stable at 75 million mu.

Stabilize the sugar area. Popularize the application of virus-free healthy seedlings, strengthen the infrastructure construction of "double high" sugarcane fields, promote the scale, specialization and intensification of production, accelerate the pace of mechanical harvesting, vigorously promote sugarcane planting in autumn and winter, dig deep into the potential of saving costs and increasing efficiency, and promote stable development.

Expand the winter planting area. Make full use of winter light and temperature resources, develop winter fallow fields, expand winter planting of potatoes, corn, silkworm peas, green manure and forage crops, strengthen the infrastructure construction of the South-to-North vegetable transportation base, realize off-season listing and balanced supply, and increase farmers’ income.

5. Southwest China.

-regional characteristics. This area is located in the upstream ecological barrier area of the Yangtze River, Pearl River and other major rivers in China, with complex terrain, staggered distribution of mountains, hills and basins, obvious vertical climate characteristics, diverse ecological types, mild winter, long growing season, and the same season of rain and heat, which is suitable for the growth of various crops and conducive to the development of ecological agriculture and three-dimensional agriculture. The annual precipitation is 800-1600 mm, the frost-free period is 210-340 days, the accumulated temperature is ≥10℃, 3500-6500℃, and the sunshine hours are 1200-2600 hours. Corn, rice, wheat, soybean, potato, sweet potato, rape, sugarcane, tobacco leaf, ramie and other crops are mainly planted, which is an important vegetable and Chinese herbal medicine in China. The main restrictive factors in this area are land fragmentation, tension between human and land, rocky desertification, soil erosion, seasonal drought and other outstanding problems, and the proportion of sloping farmland is large, which is not conducive to mechanical operation.

-Adjust the direction: stabilize grain, expand menstruation, increase feeding and promote grazing, interplant multiple cropping, and increase production and income.

Stabilize grain, expand menstruation, increase feeding and promote grazing. Promote light and simple cultivation and small machines and tools according to local conditions, stabilize the production of rice and wheat, develop ratooning rice, stabilize the area of highland barley in Tibetan areas, and expand the planting of potatoes and miscellaneous grains and beans. Popularize rape seedling transplanting and mechanical direct seeding and other technologies to expand the production of high-quality rape. The cultivated land with a slope of more than 25 degrees should be returned to forest and grassland, the corn area in the non-dominant areas of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau should be reduced, and high-quality forage grass should be planted to develop herbivorous animal husbandry. By 2020, the area of rice will be stable at 67 million mu, that of wheat at 29 million mu, that of corn at 55 million mu and that of rape at 33 million mu.

Intercropping multiple crops, increasing production and income. Give full play to the advantages of abundant light and temperature resources, diverse production types and flexible planting modes, promote ecological compound planting such as corn/soybean, corn/potato and corn/sweet potato intercropping, rationally utilize cultivated land resources, improve land output rate, and increase production and income.

6. Northwest China.

-regional characteristics. Most of this area is located in arid and semi-arid areas of China, with vast land, abundant light and heat resources, abundant cultivated land, sparse population and great potential for increasing production. However, drought and lack of rain, soil erosion and soil desertification are serious. The annual precipitation is less than 400 mm, the frost-free period is 100-250 days, the first frost day is at the end of October, the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ is 2000-4500℃, and the sunshine hours are 2600-3400 hours. Agricultural production modes include rain-fed agriculture, irrigated agriculture and oasis agriculture. It is a traditional production area of spring wheat, potato, miscellaneous grains, spring rape, sugar beet, sunflower and temperate fruit in China, and an important high-quality cotton production area.

—— Adjustment direction: stable summer and good autumn, stable cotton supply and special efficiency.

Stable summer and excellent autumn. To promote film mulching technology as a carrier, adapt to the weather, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, stabilize summer crops such as wheat, actively develop potatoes, spring wheat, miscellaneous grains and beans, and develop forage crops such as silage corn, alfalfa, forage rape and forage oats according to local conditions.

Stabilize cotton supply. Promote large-scale cotton planting, standardized production and mechanized operation, and improve production level and efficiency. Give full play to the advantages of light and heat and land resources in Xinjiang, promote cost-saving and efficiency-increasing technologies such as drip irrigation under plastic film and integration of water and fertilizer, actively promote cotton mechanical harvesting, stabilize cotton planting area and ensure domestic cotton demand. By 2020, the cotton area will be stable at more than 25 million mu.

Characteristic efficiency. Actively develop characteristic miscellaneous grains and beans, expand the variety of characteristic oil, increase market supply, and promote farmers’ income. Make full use of the advantages of light and heat resources in northwest China, and strengthen the construction of seed production bases such as corn, vegetables, virus-free potatoes and alfalfa to meet the needs of production.

Fourth, policies and measures to promote the adjustment of planting structure

Planting structure adjustment is a systematic project, which needs to strengthen top-level design, do a good job in planning guidance, and build a working mechanism of up-and-down linkage and coordinated promotion. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen project support and policy support, and mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments and farmers.

(1) Improve the agricultural product price policy. Overall consideration of the comparative benefits of rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, oilseeds, cotton and other crops, improve the price formation mechanism of major agricultural products, release price signals, and guide farmers to adjust and optimize planting structure according to market demand. Adhere to the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat, and keep the prices basically stable. To improve the policy of purchasing and storing corn, corn prices should reflect the relationship between market supply and demand, adjust production and demand, implement corn production subsidies, and maintain the basic stability of corn planting income in advantageous areas. Reasonably determine the target price level of soybeans, improve the subsidy method, and announce the annual target price in advance. Improve the policy of purchasing and storing rapeseed, sugar and cotton target price.

(2) Establish a reasonable crop rotation subsidy policy. Integrate project funds, increase subsidies, support local governments to implement farmland rotation mode according to local conditions, and gradually establish farmland rotation systems such as grain-bean rotation, grain-economy rotation and grain-feed rotation to promote sustainable agricultural development. Expand the pilot scope of changing grain to feed, combine farming with animal husbandry, and promote the coordinated development of forage production and animal husbandry. In addition, pilot projects of fallow farmland system were carried out in groundwater funnel areas, heavy metal pollution areas and areas with serious ecological degradation, and the subsidy standards were reasonably determined.

(3) Strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland. We will implement the strategy of "storing grain in the ground", speed up the implementation of the National Master Plan for the Construction of High-standard Farmland and the National Plan for Increasing the Production Capacity of 100 Billions Jin of Grain, increase capital investment, speed up the construction of high-standard farmland that is concentrated and contiguous, ensures the harvest in drought and flood, and is stable and high-yield, and is eco-friendly, and give priority to the construction of ration fields. Strengthen the protection and promotion of cultivated land quality, carry out soil improvement, fertility improvement and nutrient balance, prevent cultivated land degradation and improve the level of fertility. Do a good job in the comprehensive management of black land degradation areas in Northeast China, soil acidification areas in South China and soil salinization areas in North China to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land.

(4) Promoting agricultural science and technology innovation. We implemented the strategy of "storing grain in technology", strengthened the research on key common agricultural technologies, and achieved a number of important practical technological achievements in saving costs and reducing consumption, water-saving irrigation, agricultural machinery and equipment, green inputs, prevention and control of major biological disasters, and comprehensive utilization of straw. Promote scientific and technological innovation in seed industry, further promote the reform of rights and interests distribution of scientific research achievements in seed industry, and explore the mechanism of rights and interests sharing, transfer and transformation of scientific research achievements and classified management of scientific research personnel. Comprehensively promote the joint research of major scientific research on improved varieties, innovate breeding methods and technologies, improve breeding materials, accelerate the cultivation and popularization of a number of breakthrough new varieties with high yield, high quality and multi-resistance suitable for machine harvesting, and accelerate the new round of variety upgrading of major grain crops. Strengthen the implementation of modern seed industry upgrading project and improve the conditions of innovative equipment for seed industry breeding. Promote technology integration and innovation, carry out in-depth green high-yield and high-efficiency creation and model research, integrate and assemble a number of high-yield, high-efficiency, resource-saving and eco-friendly technology models, and demonstrate to promote balanced production increase and sustainable development.

(5) Improve the level of agricultural machinery and equipment. Give play to the important role of agricultural machinery in integrating technology, saving costs and increasing efficiency and promoting scale operation in structural adjustment. Carry out research and development of new and efficient agricultural machinery, and popularize a number of new machines and tools suitable for different regions, different crops and different links. Promote the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, focus on solving the outstanding problems of mechanical transplanting of rice and harvesting of corn, rape, sugarcane, cotton, peanuts and potatoes, increase the research and development and demonstration application of machinery and equipment for vegetable and forage production, and improve the level of production mechanization. Promote the whole mechanization of major crops production, and explore and summarize the technical path, technical mode, equipment matching, operating procedures and service methods of the whole mechanization.

(6) Improve financial and insurance policies. Increase the support of financial insurance for the adjustment of planting structure. Give full play to the leverage of financial input, incite financial capital and social capital to enter through subsidies and interest subsidies, and form a multi-party investment mechanism. Accelerate the establishment of agricultural credit guarantee system and solve the financing problem of new business entities. Expand the coverage of agricultural policy insurance and steadily improve the level of protection. Explore the pilot project of agricultural product price insurance.

(7) Strengthen ecological protection. Fight the tough battle of agricultural non-point source pollution and strive to achieve the goal of "one control, two reductions and three basics". Promote water-saving and efficiency-increasing agriculture, develop dry farming, water-saving agriculture and rain-fed agriculture, focus on popularizing water and fertilizer integration technology, and improve the utilization rate of water resources and fertilizers. We will promote the reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, promote precision fertilization and application technology and high-efficiency fertilization and application machinery, and promote technologies such as replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, replacing high-toxic and low-residue pesticides with high-toxic and high-residue pesticides with biological pesticides. We will promote the rule of soil testing, formulated fertilization and unified prevention and control of pests and diseases, and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Promote the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, and establish a "five-oriented" comprehensive utilization system of agricultural wastes: fertilizer, feed, energy, base materials and raw materials. Carry out the total amount and regional control of plastic film and the demonstration of regional residual film recycling, and innovate the mechanism of plastic film recycling and reuse.

(8) Strengthening market regulation of agricultural products. Strengthen the monitoring of key links such as production, consumption, import and export, storage and transportation of major agricultural products, and establish and improve the medium and long-term total supply and demand balance mechanism, market monitoring and early warning mechanism, information consultation mechanism and information release mechanism. Improve the regulation system of major agricultural products reserves, optimize the layout of reserves, and establish a throughput rotation mechanism. Strengthen import and export control, and grasp the pace, scale and opportunity of agricultural products import according to the supply and demand situation at home and abroad. Make overall plans for the import and export of agricultural products, scientifically determine superior export products and scarce imported products, rationally arrange international production capacity, establish overseas stable production bases for important agricultural raw materials, and enhance the right to speak in the international market.

1905 movie network news The suspense thriller directed by joe wright and starring amy adams is scheduled to be released in North America on October 4, 2019, and "Sirius" Gary Oldman has decided to join.

　

The Woman in the Window is adapted from A·J· Finn’s best-selling novel of the same name. It tells the story of Anna (played by amy adams), a child psychologist who suffers from agoraphobia and has been living in seclusion in her home in the suburbs of new york for several months. Anna drinks at home every day, watches old movies and even spies on her neighbors. However, the new neighbor Russell’s family of three moved in and broke Anna’s original life. In the process of spying on her new neighbor, Anna witnessed a murder with her own eyes, which made Anna’s world begin to fall apart. No one around Anna, including the police, wanted to believe what she said, so that Anna herself had doubts.

　

It is reported that Gary Oldman will play the role of the "father" in this family, and will cooperate with the director again in this film. Earlier, Odeman made a face-changing performance in "The Dark Hour", which surprised the audience. "I didn’t recognize Sirius at all", and this performance is also very exciting.

Editor’s note:The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years to take advantage of the situation to start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century, and it is also the launching period for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and building a digital China. Recently, the Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Market Supervision, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, and the National Rural Revitalization Bureau, together with relevant departments, formulated the Digital Rural Development Action Plan (2022-2025) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). The Action Plan puts forward the development goals, key tasks and safeguard measures of digital villages during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, and comprehensively deploys the work of digital villages. In order to make the community better understand the main contents of the Action Plan, the Central Network Information Office organized relevant experts and scholars to study and interpret the key tasks of the Action Plan, and jointly promoted the construction of digital villages to a new level.

In today’s era, a new round of industrial revolution characterized by digitalization and intelligence is booming, and a new generation of information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence are accelerating the infiltration and integration with agriculture and rural areas, pushing China’s agriculture to the era of smart agriculture. Recently, 10 departments, including the Central Network Information Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, jointly issued the Digital Rural Development Action Plan (2022-2025) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan), clearly proposing the "Smart Agriculture Innovation and Development Action" to accelerate the development of smart agriculture. Developing smart agriculture is an important content of digital village construction, and it is also an urgent need to solve China’s "three rural issues" and build a new international competitive advantage of modern agriculture, which has a significant guiding and promoting role for China’s agricultural modernization and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.

I. What is smart agriculture?

Smart agriculture is a digital agricultural mode formed by the deep integration of modern information technology and traditional agriculture.On the basis of information technology and advanced equipment, smart agriculture is an agricultural form that realizes accurate perception, intelligent control and intelligent management of production process, and pursues higher resource utilization rate, higher labor productivity and better experience in agriculture.

Smart agriculture is an advanced form of modern agriculture.Smart agriculture, characterized by data, systems and intelligent equipment, is deeply integrated with production factors such as land, animals and plants, and production tools in traditional agriculture, realizing accurate production operations, independent management decisions, and chain-like industrial upgrading, and promoting agriculture to enter a new era of modern agriculture with convenient production, efficient management, and industrial coordination.

Smart agriculture has distinct characteristics of digitalization, systematization and intelligence.According to the field, smart agriculture will form many production types, such as smart planting, smart aquaculture, smart processing industry, etc. According to the application scenario, smart farms, smart greenhouses, smart processing plants and other places will be formed, but no matter which form, it is inseparable from core elements such as big data, advanced systems, intelligent equipment and digital infrastructure. Smart agriculture is a brand-new way of digital industry, which allows machines and systems to actively perceive information, make quantitative decisions, intelligently control and provide personalized services through the deep integration of modern information technology and agriculture.

Second, why should we develop smart agriculture?

In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have taken the development of smart agriculture as an important content in major strategic arrangements such as building a digital China and implementing the rural revitalization strategy. In September 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Rural Revitalization Strategic Plan (2018-2022), proposing to "vigorously develop digital agriculture and implement smart agriculture projects". In May 2019, the Central Office and the State Council issued the "Outline of Digital Rural Development Strategy" and made the strategic deployment of "building science and technology agriculture and smart agriculture". In March, 2021, the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Goals to 2035 clearly pointed out that it is necessary to "accelerate the development of smart agriculture and promote the digital transformation of agricultural production, operation and management services".

Smart agriculture is the commanding height of the world’s modern agricultural development competition, a major strategic measure to reshape China’s modern agriculture, and an important starting point to promote the rapid development of agricultural and rural industries. The Central Network Information Office, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with relevant departments, have continuously promoted the development of smart agriculture, constantly defined objectives and deepened contents. To speed up the development of intelligent agriculture, we should deepen our understanding from the current and future aspects.

At present,Intelligent agriculture is an important way to solve the practical problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. With the improvement of agricultural production level and the deepening of rural reform in China, various risks and structural contradictions are also accumulating. For example, the constraints of agricultural resources and ecological environment are tightening day by day, and the mode of agricultural development needs to be changed urgently; The structural and temporal contradictions between supply and demand of agricultural products have increased; The production cost of agricultural products is high, the input is large, and the agricultural benefit is low and unstable. The application of next-generation information technologies such as Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence can achieve accurate control of agricultural production, promote high-quality development of agriculture, and achieve strong agriculture, beautiful countryside and rich farmers.

In the future,Smart agriculture is an effective way to solve the sustainable development of agriculture in the future. There is a serious shortage of young and middle-aged rural laborers in China. The average age of agricultural workers in some provinces is close to 60 years old. If we continue to use traditional production methods, the problem of "who will plant the land" will become more and more prominent. To solve the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency and low income of farmers in agricultural production, we need to make good use of information technology as a new means. Through the independent operation of the machine and the intelligent decision-making of the system, the tiring farm work is handed over to the machine and the worrying things are handed over to the system to achieve higher output, lower cost and better quality of agricultural products.

Third, how to develop smart agriculture

The construction of smart agriculture is a long-term process, which requires laying a solid foundation, grasping the key points and breaking through the difficulties, so as to form the development road of smart agriculture with China characteristics. The Action Plan puts forward clear deployment and requirements.

Lay a solid digital foundation for smart agriculture.Continue to speed up the construction of information infrastructure, improve the level of network layout in rural areas, coordinate resources such as remote sensing satellites, build an agricultural space-based network, and form an agricultural remote sensing observation capability with routine monitoring and rapid response; Accelerate the construction and application of big data in agriculture and rural areas, based on the results of the third national land survey, accelerate the construction of a national agricultural and rural basic database, and build a "one map" of national agricultural and rural data resources.

Accelerate the technological innovation of smart agriculture.Focus on breaking through the basic technologies, general technologies and key technologies in the field of smart agriculture, advance the layout of cutting-edge technologies, and vigorously carry out investment and innovative research around agricultural special sensors, animal and plant growth and development control models, intelligent equipment and other fields. Strengthen key common technologies such as special sensors, animal and plant growth information acquisition and production control mechanism model, focus on promoting the research and development of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment using various working environments, promote the integrated research and system demonstration of agricultural machinery and information technology, and strengthen technological innovation of agricultural machinery and equipment. Carry out centralized research and demonstration application, realize independent and controllable technology and seize the commanding heights of agricultural science and technology.

Strengthen the practice of smart agriculture.Build a number of smart farms, smart pastures and smart fishing grounds, promote the integrated application of intelligent perception, intelligent analysis and intelligent control technology and equipment in agricultural production, and promote the pilot of unmanned farms. We will further promote the construction of single-variety big data in the whole industrial chain, improve the ability of data analysis and application, realize the intelligence and unmanned operation of the whole process of farm operation through remote control, semi-automatic control or autonomous control, explore the establishment of linkage mechanism of traceability management, risk early warning and emergency recall, strengthen the construction of standard systems such as big data collection, transmission, storage, sharing and safety, and promote the information supervision of agricultural product quality and safety.

Actively carry out agricultural science and technology information services.Improve the agricultural science and technology information service system, establish and improve the monitoring and early warning system for important agricultural products markets, provide public data services for the government and market entities, support the cultivation of a number of information comprehensive service enterprises for new agricultural business entities and small farmers, guide social entities to carry out socialized agricultural production services with data as the key element, establish and improve the comprehensive information platform for science and technology commissioners, and support them to carry out online guidance and answering questions and exchange work experience.

Fourth, important breakthroughs have been made in promoting smart agriculture

Smart agriculture is a complex and systematic project. Although important progress has been made in irrigation formula fertilization, digital forecasting of pests and diseases, accurate feeding of animals and intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment at home and abroad, there are still many difficulties in the development conditions and technology of smart agriculture. The implementation of "Action Plan" will strongly promote the important breakthrough of China’s smart agriculture.

The first is to break through the key core technology of smart agriculture.Smart agriculture is a mode of production supported by many important conditions such as data, model, software and hardware, all of which need to be based on technological breakthrough. At present, there are still some technical problems in China’s smart agriculture, such as insufficient innovation in basic research and application mode, lack of core agricultural sensors and high-end agricultural intelligent equipment, and lack of intelligent algorithm models and system products. Sensing components and application system software mainly rely on imports, terminal remote control systems, animal and plant models and intelligent decision-making have shortcomings, and there is a lack of technical products specifically aimed at production scenarios and diversified markets of Chinese farmers and small plots, which is difficult to meet the practical needs. The Action Plan puts forward "accelerating the technological innovation of smart agriculture", which points out the direction of tackling the above problems.

The second is to break through the shortcomings of digital infrastructure supporting smart agriculture.Digital infrastructure, including broadband network infrastructure, water, electricity, roads and shed infrastructure after digital integration and upgrading, is the basis for the development of smart agriculture. It is necessary to change the problems of insufficient digital integration of most farms, processing plants and greenhouse facilities, strengthen the construction of rural information infrastructure, promote the digital upgrading of traditional infrastructure, and meet the needs of smart agriculture development. The "digital transformation and upgrading project of rural infrastructure" proposed in the Action Plan is conducive to the intelligent upgrading of rural networks, water conservancy, agricultural product logistics and other infrastructure.

The third is to break through the big data constraints of smart agriculture.Smart agriculture is an agricultural production mode based on advanced data acquisition technologies such as the Internet of Things and sensors, and has a large number of accurate, standardized and real-time data. At present, there are some problems, such as insufficient data acquisition capacity, imperfect data standards, backward means of data collection, transmission, storage and sharing, prominent data chimney phenomenon and obvious barriers to big data sharing. In the application of intelligent analysis, there are many fragmented data and few systematic data, so it is necessary to form a big data foundation which is necessary for the production, operation, management and service of smart agriculture, such as universal and special, dynamic and static, benchmark and real-time. The Action Plan proposes "accelerating the construction of the national agricultural and rural basic database, building a’ one map’ of the national agricultural and rural data resources" and "establishing and improving the monitoring and early warning system of important agricultural products markets", which will effectively solve the big data constraints of smart agriculture.

The fourth is to break through the dilemma of coordinated development of smart agriculture industry chain.Smart agriculture is a systematic project, not just a single application of information science and technology, but the industrial chain is closely related and affects each other. Due to the separation of traditional farming-breeding-adding relationship, the overall efficiency of the whole industrial chain is not high. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of technology association, information sharing and total factor matching in the whole chain of smart agriculture, fully embody the characteristics of integration and integration in construction and development, promote the development of smart agriculture with high quality and help rural revitalization.(Author: Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Education on March 13th, the General Office of the Ministry of Education, the General Office of the National Health and Wellness Commission and the General Department of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Technical Plan for the Prevention and Control of novel coronavirus Infection in Colleges and Universities, Primary and Secondary Schools and Kindergartens (Seventh Edition).

Technical scheme for prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection in colleges and universities (seventh edition)

This technical scheme is formulated in combination with the actual situation of colleges and universities in order to implement the Overall Plan for Implementing Class B and B Management of novel coronavirus Infection, the novel coronavirus Infection Prevention and Control Plan (10th Edition) and the School novel coronavirus Infection Prevention and Control Work Plan and relevant policy requirements, scientifically guide colleges and universities to further optimize management measures, ensure health, prevent severe diseases, and effectively restore normal education and teaching order.

First, before the start of school

1. Fulfill the main responsibility. Keep the leadership and command system and management mechanism of epidemic prevention and control in schools running efficiently. The secretary of the Party Committee and the president of the university are the first responsible persons in the school epidemic prevention and control work, and are fully responsible for the organization, leadership and responsibility implementation of the school epidemic prevention and control. School leaders in charge and relevant school leaders are important responsible persons for the prevention and control of epidemic situation in schools, and they are responsible for the division of labor. For schools with multiple school sites, the responsible persons and job responsibilities of epidemic prevention and control are defined in each campus, and a linkage and coordination mechanism is formed to ensure the orderly progress of epidemic prevention and control, education and teaching.

2. Get ready for school. Find out the vaccination status of teachers and students, novel coronavirus infection, teachers and students with basic diseases and special medical needs, and the base number of elderly staff over 60 years old, set up a file and set up a card to follow up the service. According to the change of epidemic situation and the distribution of campus, teachers and students, scientifically formulate the work plan for the start of the new semester and the prevention and control of epidemic situation, refine the requirements for epidemic prevention and control in key links of starting school and returning to school, strengthen campus safety management and investigation of potential risks, improve emergency response plans and strengthen the guarantee mechanism.

3. Adjust and optimize the detection scheme. Universities no longer carry out all-staff nucleic acid screening. When a non-epidemic situation is prevalent, colleges and universities can carry out antigen or nucleic acid testing for medical, catering, boarding, express delivery, security, cleaning and other staff on campus as needed. Local education administrative departments and colleges and universities can make clear the requirements for antigen or nucleic acid detection of teachers and students according to the actual situation, and provide technical support in conjunction with relevant departments.

4. Build a health post in colleges and universities. With the guidance and support of local health, disease control and education departments, colleges and universities implement the "Guidelines for the Construction and Management of Health Stations in Colleges and Universities (Trial)", establish and improve special classes (leading groups) for the management of health stations, and set up comprehensive groups, information groups, medical groups, guarantee groups, education groups, transport groups and psychological groups according to actual requirements, scientifically coordinate and rationally mobilize resources inside and outside the school, and scientifically allocate the number of beds according to the number of teachers and students in the school and the needs of epidemic prevention. We will build and manage the electronic account for students’ health observation, daily inspection, fever consultation and early warning, refine the key links of students’ entry and exit clinical condition identification and timely transfer for medical treatment, strengthen the management of on-site services, improve the construction quality of health stations, and ensure the safe, orderly and standardized operation of health stations.

5. Smooth the green channel for treatment. Improve the docking mechanism between schools and designated hospitals, explore the establishment of medical associations, arrange hospital medical staff to work together in the school, improve the green channel for the treatment of cases transferred in the school, refine the grading diagnosis and treatment methods for infected people in the school according to the principle of grading and classification, and do a good job in the referral and treatment of heavy and critical cases. Cooperate with the hospital to carry out multi-scene referral emergency transshipment drills to improve transshipment efficiency and ensure fast and accurate transshipment and smooth docking.

6. Strengthen the dynamic storage of materials. Dynamic storage of symptomatic treatment drugs for novel coronavirus infection, the establishment of a stable supply channel, to ensure adequate supply during the epidemic and emergency situations. Reserve sufficient antigen detection reagents, masks, disinfection products, protective clothing, pulse oximeter, oxygen generator, safety temperature measuring equipment and other commonly used epidemic prevention materials, keep the reserve for more than 2 weeks, improve the information ledger, and arrange special personnel to effectively carry out the management of warehousing, warehousing, replenishment and deployment of epidemic prevention materials to ensure safe storage and scientific and standardized use.

7. Provide convenient services. According to the needs of teachers and students, open a fever clinic (diagnosis and treatment point), implement the duty system, announce the hotline for teachers and students, and encourage the provision of online medical consultation services for teachers and students. During the epidemic period, you can use student activity centers, gymnasiums and other large places to add fever clinics to provide fast and convenient medical services.

8. Carry out health self-test. One week before the start of school, teachers and students should carry out daily health monitoring. If they have symptoms such as fever, dry cough and sore throat, they should be tested for antigen or nucleic acid. If the test results confirm that they are infected with the virus, they should report it to the school truthfully and delay returning to school. Schools should do a good job of "one-on-one" tracking service and judge the time of returning to school in time. The school will inform all teachers and students of the protection requirements on the way back to school. Pay attention to personal hygiene, hand hygiene and personal protection on the way back to school. If you have suspected symptoms on your way back to school, you should take the initiative to report to the school and seek medical treatment nearby in time.

9. Strengthen supervision and inspection. Local education administrative departments, in conjunction with health and disease control departments, strengthen supervision and inspection of the preparations for epidemic prevention and control at the beginning of college, focusing on the composition, organization and management, basic conditions, staffing, material reserves, fever clinic settings, information ledger management, mechanism operation, etc.

Second, after the start of school

1. Wear masks scientifically according to the scene, crowd and epidemic situation. After the start of school, teachers and students are not required to wear masks during school, but can choose whether to wear masks according to their personal health and wishes. Medical, catering, boarding, express delivery, security, cleaning and other staff in the school should wear medical surgical masks when they take up their posts. When teachers and students have symptoms related to Covid-19 infection, such as fever, dry cough and sore throat, they should carry out antigen or nucleic acid testing as soon as possible and seek medical investigation. If they are positive, they should temporarily stay at home or take symptomatic treatment at a health post in colleges and universities until they recover, and they should not work or study despite illness; If it is negative, you should wear a medical surgical mask during school until the symptoms disappear. After leaving school, teachers and students should wear masks scientifically according to the relevant requirements of local social epidemic prevention and control. If there is an epidemic in the local area, restore the prevention and control measures for teachers and students to wear masks in school.

2. Scientifically arrange education and teaching activities. When the epidemic is not prevalent, the school carries out normal offline teaching activities and is not allowed to close the school. During the epidemic period, district management can be implemented, and evacuation measures such as reducing interpersonal contact, implementing online teaching and adjusting teaching arrangements can be taken in time. Scientific research, practice, examination and other related teaching activities and graduates’ employment work, and make reasonable adjustment arrangements according to the epidemic situation.

3. Strengthen the management of public places. Implement the daily health management system and disinfection system in campus public areas. Maintain daily ventilation and cleaning and disinfection in public living areas and other places, and put public disinfection supplies according to the needs of teachers and students. Teachers and students can do their own sanitation and disinfection when entering and leaving. Improve the ventilation conditions of school canteens, libraries, gymnasiums, public bathrooms, toilets and other public places.

4. Strengthen the safety management of food and drinking water. Strengthen school food safety management, focus on the safety of food raw materials, cleaning and disinfection of drinking water equipment and facilities in school canteens before the start of school, check the validity period of health examination certificates of canteen employees, ensure that they meet the requirements, rationally allocate space for dining places, and properly stagger meals between teachers and students. Strictly implement the food incoming inspection record system, and purchase raw materials from formal channels to ensure traceability. Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting tables, chairs, floors, dining (drinking) utensils and cookers in the dining area, and collect and dispose of kitchen waste in time. Strengthen the safety management of food and drinking water in schools and replace damaged or obsolete equipment in time. Drinking water equipment and facilities should obtain industry inspection and monitoring certificates to ensure the safety of drinking water. Dining room staff should wear working hats and overalls, keep them clean, and wash and disinfect them regularly.

5. Strengthen vaccination. Teachers and students over the age of 18 who meet the requirements are encouraged to take one dose of homologous or sequential booster immunization, and they are not allowed to receive homologous booster immunization and sequential booster immunization at the same time. Encourage teachers and students with high risk of infection, serious basic diseases and low immunity, and elderly faculty and staff over 60 years old to carry out the second dose of booster immunization six months after completing the first dose.

6. Strengthen the health protection of the elderly faculty and staff. Timely understand the health status and medical needs of the elderly faculty, establish a grid management mechanism, make good use of medical, nursing and service resources inside and outside the school, and provide better medical and health care services for the elderly faculty. Conditional colleges and universities can distribute oximeters and epidemic prevention materials for the elderly faculty and staff, and guide the elderly faculty and staff to improve their ability to prevent and identify severe diseases at an early stage by monitoring blood, oxygen and water equality at home.

7. Strengthen the daily health management of teachers and students. Adhere to good hygiene habits such as frequent hand washing, frequent ventilation, cough etiquette, cleaning and disinfection in daily life, and maintain a civilized, healthy and green lifestyle. Monitor the symptoms of novel coronavirus infection such as fever, dry cough and sore throat among teachers and students, and detect antigens or nucleic acids as needed. Give full play to online resources such as campus network, WeChat WeChat official account, school APP, and offline resources such as bulletin boards and campus broadcasts, carry out publicity and education on Covid-19 infection prevention and control knowledge in all directions and through multiple channels, guide teachers and students to establish the concept of "everyone is the first responsible person for their own health", and improve the health literacy, disease prevention awareness and self-protection ability of teachers and students.

8. Strengthen ideological guidance and psychological counseling. Pay close attention to the ideological trends of teachers and students, focus on the "first lesson of school", and carry out a series of educational guidance activities in depth to stimulate students’ youth responsibility and responsibility. Strengthen care, strengthen interaction between teachers and students, and promote the improvement of the normalized working mechanism of "handling complaints immediately". Leading cadres and teachers sink into the "one-stop" student community, participate in student activities, and answer questions. Implement the "Implementation Plan for Prevention and Treatment of Students’ Outstanding Psychological Problems in Epidemic Situation", provide students with targeted, normalized and multi-form psychological health guidance and assistance for different manifestations of psychological problems, do a good job in students’ psychological health education and psychological counseling, and timely resolve students’ negative emotions such as panic and anxiety. Pay attention to students with outstanding psychological problems and guide them to the hospital in time. Strengthen the identification and intervention of serious mental illness and psychological crisis, and timely prevent and resolve major risks.

9. Strengthen health guidance during rehabilitation. The school organizes and guides key groups such as school doctors, health education teachers, mental health teachers, counselors, class teachers, student cadres, etc., and through different forms such as theme class meetings, billboards, and WeChat official account, strengthens the health guidance of infected teachers and students during the rehabilitation period from the aspects of nutritious diet, regular work and rest, moderate exercise, and daily personal protection, and guides teachers and students to do a good job in health management during the rehabilitation period. Do not organize or require teachers, students and employees in rehabilitation period to participate in strenuous exercise.

10. Carry out in-depth patriotic health campaign on campus. Summarize the effectiveness and experience of using the education system to prevent and control epidemics, vigorously carry forward the great anti-epidemic spirit of the new era, and cultivate and practice socialist core values. Combining with the reality of education, we should enrich the content and form of patriotic health campaign on campus in the new era, improve the campus environment, improve health literacy, and promote the transformation of patriotic health campaign on campus from environmental health management to health management for teachers and students.

Iii. Emergency prevention and control measures during the epidemic period

Improve the school’s emergency prevention and control mechanism to deal with the epidemic situation, improve the emergency prevention and control plan according to the situation, and improve the emergency guarantee mechanism.

In the case of normal prevention and control, there is generally no need to take emergency prevention and control measures. When the school finds the infected cases in Covid-19, it comprehensively judges the epidemic situation and adopts scientific and precise prevention and control measures, and it is not allowed to simply adopt "one size fits all" practices such as school closure and all-staff nucleic acid testing. During the epidemic period, we should comprehensively evaluate the virus variation, epidemic intensity, medical resource load and social operation. According to the infection situation of teachers and students and the shortage of medical resources, we can take temporary emergency prevention and control measures according to law, such as suspending unnecessary large-scale gathering activities, limiting the flow of public places in schools, online teaching, etc., to reduce the gathering and flow of people in time and reduce the impact of the short-term surge of infected people on campus education and teaching order.

Technical scheme for prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection in primary and secondary schools (seventh edition)

This technical scheme is formulated in combination with the actual situation of primary and secondary schools in order to implement the Overall Plan for Implementing Class B Management of novel coronavirus Infection, the novel coronavirus Infection Prevention and Control Plan (10th Edition) and the School novel coronavirus Infection Prevention and Control Work Plan as well as relevant policy requirements, scientifically guide primary and secondary schools to further optimize management measures, strengthen the collaborative linkage among schools, communities and families, ensure health, prevent serious diseases and effectively restore normal education and teaching order.

First, before the start of school

1. Plan school preparation in advance. Education administrative departments and schools at all levels shall determine the starting time according to the deployment of local party committees and governments, and scientifically formulate the starting work plan, epidemic prevention and control plan and emergency plan. One week before starting school and returning to school, teachers and students should be tested for antigens or nucleic acids if they have symptoms such as fever, dry cough and sore throat. If the test results confirm that they are infected with the virus, they must report it to the school truthfully and delay returning to school. Find out the vaccination status of teachers and students, novel coronavirus infection, teachers and students with basic diseases and special medical needs, and the base number of elderly staff over 60 years old, set up a file and set up a card to follow up the service.

2. Establish a green channel for medical treatment. In accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the development trend of epidemic situation, we will implement various measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus infection, improve the cooperation mechanism between education, health care, disease control and other departments and schools and medical and health institutions, give play to the role of school clinics (health care rooms), and cooperate with forces inside and outside the school to establish a green channel for medical referral.

3. Guide to adhere to health habits. The school will inform all teachers, students and employees of the protection requirements on the way to and from school. Students should pay attention to personal hygiene, hand hygiene and personal protection on the way. The school carries out health education to teachers, students, employees and parents of students through various forms, publicizes the knowledge of prevention and control of infectious diseases, guides them to firmly establish and consciously practice the concept of "health first", be the first person responsible for their own health, and guides them to adhere to good hygiene habits such as frequent hand washing, regular ventilation, cough etiquette, cleaning and disinfection, regular life and rest, and advocate adequate sleep, reasonable diet, balanced nutrition and moderate exercise.

4. Dynamic storage of epidemic prevention materials. Schools with the qualification of practicing license of medical institutions should dynamically reserve appropriate drugs for symptomatic treatment of novel coronavirus infection, establish stable supply channels, and ensure adequate supply in case of epidemic peak and emergency. Reserve sufficient antigen detection reagents, masks, disinfection products, hand sanitizer, disposable latex gloves, pulse oximeter, oxygen generator, safety temperature measuring equipment and other commonly used epidemic prevention materials, and arrange special personnel to manage them to ensure safe storage and scientific and standardized use. Do a good job in training the use of disinfectants. Set up a health observation room for teachers and students, which is relatively independent and provides temporary observation places for teachers and students with symptoms such as fever.

5. Keep the environment clean. Before the start of school, thoroughly clean the campus health, thoroughly clean and ventilate the classrooms, laboratories, canteens, dormitories, sports venues, libraries, health rooms (health rooms), bathrooms and other key places in advance, and clean and disinfect the air conditioning and ventilation systems and the surfaces of objects in public areas. Toilets should be equipped with sufficient decontamination supplies to ensure the normal use of water supply facilities such as faucets.

6. Focus on ensuring food safety. Strengthen school food safety management, rationally allocate space in dining places, and appropriately stagger meals between teachers and students. Strictly implement the food incoming inspection record system, and purchase raw materials from formal channels to ensure traceability. Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting tables, chairs, floors, dining (drinking) utensils and cookers in the dining area, and collect and dispose of kitchen waste in time. Before the start of school, focus on the safety of food raw materials, cleaning and disinfection of drinking water equipment and facilities in the school canteen, and check the validity period of the health examination certificate of canteen employees to ensure that it meets the requirements. Strengthen the safety management of food and drinking water in schools and replace damaged or obsolete equipment in time. Drinking water equipment and facilities should obtain industry inspection and monitoring certificates to ensure the safety of drinking water.

7. Strengthen the construction of school doctors. Strengthen the construction of health rooms (health care rooms), equip professional health technicians such as school doctors, strengthen professional training, and improve the ability of epidemic prevention and control. For schools that are not equipped with school doctors, the health department should assign grass-roots medical and health institutions within the administrative area to strengthen guidance and ensure services.

8. Supervise the rectification of outstanding problems. Local education administrative departments, together with health and disease control departments, strengthen supervision and inspection of school preparation and campus epidemic prevention and control, and carefully inspect the construction of school clinics (health rooms), professional staffing, medical facilities and equipment, morning and afternoon inspection system, infectious disease epidemic reporting system, follow-up registration system for absenteeism due to illness, health monitoring, novel coronavirus infection among teachers and students, mental health work, health education and publicity and training on infectious disease prevention and control knowledge, health guidance for infected teachers and students during rehabilitation, and so on.

Second, after the start of school

1. Wear masks scientifically according to the scene, crowd and epidemic situation. After the start of school, teachers and students are not required to wear masks during school, but can choose whether to wear masks according to their personal health and wishes. School doctors, security guards, cleaners, school bus drivers and canteen staff should wear medical surgical masks when they take up their posts. When teachers, students and employees have symptoms related to Covid-19 infection, such as fever, dry cough and sore throat, they should carry out antigen or nucleic acid testing as soon as possible, seek medical attention, and must not work or study with illness; If it is negative, you should wear a medical surgical mask during school until the symptoms disappear. If the school finds an infected person in Covid-19, the students in the class where the infected person is located and the teachers, students and employees who are in close contact with the infected person should wear masks for 5 consecutive days and do a good job in health monitoring; Encourage students and teachers in other classes to wear masks. After leaving school, teachers and students should wear masks scientifically according to the relevant requirements of local social epidemic prevention and control. If there is an epidemic in the local area, restore the prevention and control measures for teachers and students to wear masks in school.

2. Strengthen health management. Strengthen the health management of teachers and students, adhere to good hygiene habits such as frequent hand washing, frequent ventilation, cough etiquette, cleaning and disinfection in daily life, and maintain a civilized, healthy and green lifestyle. Monitor the symptoms of novel coronavirus infection such as fever, dry cough and sore throat among teachers and students, and detect antigens or nucleic acids as needed. Strictly implement the morning and afternoon check-up system, the tracking and registration system for absenteeism due to illness, and the infectious disease epidemic reporting system, establish an electronic ledger for students’ health information, improve the informationization level of disease monitoring and early warning, and achieve early prevention, early detection, early reporting and early disposal of infectious diseases. Do a good job in monitoring and handling common infectious diseases on campus such as influenza, norovirus infectious diarrhea, chickenpox and mumps. For teachers and students who are absent from school due to illness, closely track the diagnosis results and the progress of the disease. Strictly implement the inspection system for the certificate of resumption of classes and strengthen the management of account books.

3. Patrol key areas. The school implements personnel to carry out special inspections, focusing on key areas and key positions such as guard room, classroom, laboratory, office, canteen, dormitory, sports venue, library, health room (health room) and toilet, and making records. Implement a special person to do a good job of sanitation, cleaning, disinfection and disinfection, and ventilate regularly. Campus garbage will be released in different categories, and the garbage containers will be cleaned, disinfected and registered for removal. Boarding schools should strengthen the cleaning, disinfection and ventilation of dormitories.

4. Keep your hands clean. Provide adequate hand washing facilities in sports venues, canteens, dormitories, bathrooms and other places and ensure normal operation. Guide teachers and students to pay attention to personal hygiene, teach students the correct way to wash their hands and do a good job in hand hygiene. Put public disinfection supplies according to the needs of teachers and students, and encourage teachers and students to develop the habit of sanitation and disinfection.

5. Strengthen vaccination. Adhere to the principles of knowledge, consent and voluntariness, and encourage school-age teachers and students who have no vaccination taboos to get Covid-19 vaccine. Encourage qualified faculty and staff over the age of 18 to receive one dose of sub-homologous or sequential booster immunization, and not to receive homologous booster immunization and sequential booster immunization at the same time.

6. Ensure food safety. Strengthen the safety management and epidemic prevention and control management in the procurement, storage and processing of raw materials, and purchase raw materials such as food from formal channels to ensure traceability. Do a good job in cleaning and disinfecting the canteen floor, tables, chairs, tableware (drinking utensils) and cookers, as well as the harmless treatment of after-meal garbage. Schools that use off-campus meals strictly implement the requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Strengthening the Management of Off-campus Meals. Dining room staff should wear working hats and overalls, keep them clean, and wash and disinfect them regularly.

7. Strengthen health education for teachers and students. The school is equipped with full-time and part-time health education teachers according to the requirements, offering health education courses, incorporating the knowledge and skills of prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection and common infectious diseases on campus into the content of health education, and helping teachers and students to master the basic knowledge and skills of prevention and control of infectious diseases. Carry out health education through campus network, health column and other forms, and guide teachers and students to firmly establish and consciously practice the concept of "health first" and be the first person responsible for their own health. Strengthen health guidance in rehabilitation period, and guide teachers and students to do a good job in health management in rehabilitation period. Don’t organize or require teachers and students to participate in strenuous exercise during the rehabilitation period, and scientifically arrange physical education class and physical education examinations.

8. Provide mental health services. Pay close attention to the ideological trends of teachers and students, strengthen value guidance, and stimulate students’ youth responsibility and responsibility. Schools should be equipped with full-time and part-time mental health education teachers to provide mental health education and psychological counseling for teachers and students. Improve the psychological intervention mechanism, formulate psychological intervention plans, strengthen the awareness of crisis identification and intervention, and timely prevent and resolve major risks. Timely dredge the emotions and abnormal behaviors of teachers and students, provide targeted, normalized and multi-form mental health guidance and assistance, and timely resolve negative emotions such as panic and anxiety.

9. Strengthen students’ myopia prevention and control. Strengthen vision health education, guide students to arrange work and rest reasonably, ensure adequate sleep, balance nutritious diet, maintain correct reading and writing posture, and consciously protect their eyes in like eyes. Deeply implement the "double reduction" and effectively reduce the academic burden. Cultivate exercise habits, strengthen outdoor activities and physical exercise, and strive to ensure one hour of physical activity time in and out of school every day. Guide students to use electronic products scientifically and standardize, and strictly manage the teaching time using electronic products. Implement vision health monitoring and establish vision health files.

10. Carry out patriotic health campaign on campus. Summarize the effectiveness and experience of using the education system to prevent and control epidemics, vigorously carry forward the great anti-epidemic spirit of the new era, and cultivate and practice socialist core values. Combining with the reality of educational work, we should enrich the contents and forms of campus patriotic health campaign in the new era, improve the campus environment, improve health literacy, and promote the transformation of campus patriotic health campaign from environmental health management to teacher and student health management.

Iii. Emergency prevention and control measures during the epidemic period

In the case of normal prevention and control, there is generally no need to take emergency prevention and control measures. During the epidemic period, under the guidance of the local epidemic prevention and control mechanism (leading group and headquarters), the virus variation, epidemic intensity, medical resource load and social operation can be comprehensively evaluated, and temporary prevention and control measures can be taken in time according to the infection situation of teachers and students and the shortage of medical resources, and offline teaching can be stopped and temporary online teaching can be implemented in class or grade. After the epidemic situation is lifted, offline teaching will be resumed in time.

After the infected person appears in the school, report to the education administrative department and disease control institution at the county (district) level as soon as possible. Under the guidance of education, health and disease control departments, do a good job in the health monitoring of teachers and students, clean and disinfect the environment and the surface of objects in time, ventilate them, and do a good job in the collection and harmless treatment of garbage, feces and sewage on campus. During the period of living at home, infected teachers and students should stay in a well-ventilated and relatively independent room as far as possible, reduce close contact with people living together, and do not go out unless necessary.

Technical Scheme for Prevention and Control of Infection in Nursery Institutions in novel coronavirus (Seventh Edition)

In order to implement the Overall Plan of "Class B and B Management" for novel coronavirus Infection, the novel coronavirus Infection Prevention and Control Plan (10th Edition) and the School novel coronavirus Infection Prevention and Control Work Plan, scientifically guide nurseries to further optimize management measures, strengthen the collaborative linkage among nurseries, communities and families, ensure health, prevent severe cases and effectively restore normal care order, this technical plan is formulated in combination with the actual situation of nurseries.

First, before opening the park

(A) the preparation of child care institutions

1. Prepare for the opening of the park. Under the guidance of education administration, health and disease control departments at all levels, nurseries and kindergartens should clarify their work responsibilities and refine prevention and control measures according to the epidemic situation and the relevant policy requirements of local epidemic prevention and control. Before opening the park, they must improve the preparations for epidemic prevention and control, scientifically formulate the work plan for opening the park and the work plan for epidemic prevention and control, and strengthen the emergency response plan and corresponding guarantee mechanism. Conduct training on prevention and control knowledge and skills for all faculty and staff, inform parents of the requirements for prevention and control of epidemic situation in the park in time, and all parties should make concerted efforts to prepare for the opening of the park.

2. Fulfill the responsibilities of the Quartet. Strictly implement the responsibilities of territories, departments, units and families. The education department implements the responsibility of industry management, strengthens daily guidance, training, supervision and inspection, and timely coordinates and solves the difficulties and problems in epidemic prevention and control in kindergartens. The education department shall, jointly with the disease control department, guide kindergartens to do a good job in epidemic prevention and control according to their duties, and jointly with the health department to guide the training of health technicians and establish a green channel for transferring infections in the park to relevant hospitals for treatment. The person in charge of the nursery institution is the first person responsible for the epidemic prevention and control of the unit, and is fully responsible for the leadership and responsibility implementation of the epidemic prevention and control organization.

3. Strengthen departmental linkage. Nursery institutions strengthen communication and cooperation with disease control institutions, nearby designated medical institutions, maternal and child health care institutions, community health service institutions, improve the multi-sectoral collaborative working mechanism, and ensure the orderly progress of epidemic prevention and control and routine work before the opening of the park.

4. Enrich epidemic prevention materials. According to the reality of kindergartens, strengthen the construction of health care rooms, rationally plan and set up health observation rooms, which are relatively independent, and provide temporary observation for faculty and children with symptoms such as fever. Do a good job in the storage of epidemic prevention materials such as masks for children and adults, antigen detection reagents, hand sanitizers, disinfectants, non-contact thermometers, pulse oximeters, etc., manage them by special personnel, standardize their correct use, and check them regularly to ensure that the items are within the validity period and stored safely. Equipped with a sufficient number of toilet facilities and toiletries. Smooth safe and reliable emergency materials supply channels to ensure adequate supplies in emergency situations.

5. Implement environmental disinfection. Before the opening of the park, thoroughly clean and disinfect the key places, public appliances and air conditioning and ventilation systems in the park, do a good job in garbage removal, carry out preventive disinfection on the surfaces of high-frequency contact objects such as door handles and escalator handrails, and implement the ventilation system for living and nursing indoor places and public places such as activity rooms, sleeping rooms, washrooms and toilets.

6. Ensure the safety of food and drinking water. Implement the Notice on Doing a Good Job in School Food Safety in the Spring of 2023 issued by the General Administration of Market Supervision and other four departments to strengthen food safety management. Before the opening of the park, the canteens and drinking water facilities of nurseries and kindergartens shall be thoroughly inspected, cleaned and disinfected. All drinking water facilities shall obtain industry monitoring and testing certificates, and timely inspect, monitor and disinfect the equipment to ensure the safety of drinking water. Check the validity period of the health examination certificate of canteen staff to ensure that it meets the requirements.

(two) the preparation of faculty, parents and children

7. Report health status. According to the requirements of local epidemic prevention and control, all teaching staff and children should cooperate with the health monitoring before the opening of the park.

8. Strengthen vaccination. Adhere to the principles of knowledge, consent and voluntariness, and encourage people over 3 years of age who have no contraindications to vaccinate with Covid-19 vaccine. Encourage qualified faculty and staff over the age of 18 to receive one dose of sub-homologous or sequential booster immunization, and not to receive homologous booster immunization and sequential booster immunization at the same time.

9. Actively reduce aggregation. Before the opening of the park, parents should make good preparations for child care and epidemic prevention materials. In case of epidemic situation, faculty and children’s families should reduce gathering activities and comply with prevention and control requirements when going to public places.

(three) the supervision and inspection before the opening of the park

Local education administrative departments, in conjunction with health and disease control departments, strengthen supervision and inspection on the preparation of the park and the prevention and control of epidemic situation in the park, and carefully inspect the construction of health rooms, professional personnel, medical facilities, equipment and medicines, morning and afternoon inspection system, epidemic situation reporting system of infectious diseases, follow-up registration system for absence due to illness, health monitoring, novel coronavirus infection diagnosis and treatment, mental health work, health education and publicity and training on infectious disease prevention and control knowledge, health guidance for infected teachers and students during rehabilitation, cleaning and disinfection of key areas, etc.

Second, after the opening of the park

(A) nursery management requirements

1. Wear masks scientifically according to the scene, crowd and epidemic situation. After the opening of the park, children do not wear masks during the park. Teachers and staff are not required to wear masks during their stay in the park, but can choose whether to wear masks according to their personal health and wishes. Kindergarten doctors, security guards, cleaning and canteen staff should wear medical surgical masks when they take up their posts. When faculty and children have symptoms related to Covid-19 infection, such as fever, dry cough, sore throat, etc., they should be tested for antigen or nucleic acid as soon as possible for medical investigation. If they are positive, they should be treated at home for the time being until they recover, and they should not work or enter the park with illness; If it is negative, you should wear a medical surgical mask during the park until the symptoms disappear. If a child care institution finds an infected person in Covid-19, the children in the class where the infected person is located, the faculty and children who are in close contact with the infected person should wear masks for five consecutive days and do a good job in health monitoring; Encourage children and teachers in other classes to wear masks. After leaving the park, faculty and children should wear masks scientifically according to the relevant requirements of local social epidemic prevention and control. If there is an epidemic in the local area, the prevention and control measures of wearing masks in the faculty park will be resumed.

2. Do a good job in health monitoring. Novel coronavirus infection symptoms such as fever, dry cough and sore throat were monitored in combination with the actual situation, and antigen or nucleic acid detection was carried out as needed. Strictly implement the morning and afternoon inspection system, the epidemic reporting system of infectious diseases, and the follow-up registration system for absenteeism due to illness. Children with fever and other symptoms should be tested for antigen or nucleic acid, and parents should be instructed to take it back safely immediately.

3. Strengthen site management. Implement the system of environmental sanitation and cleaning and disinfection, and assign special personnel to be responsible for the comprehensive cleaning and disinfection in the park. Strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of key indoor places and public activity areas such as activity rooms, sleeping rooms, bathrooms, canteens, offices, health rooms and toilets, and do a good job in daily preventive ventilation and disinfection in the park. Ensure that adequate hand washing facilities and toiletries are provided in canteens, bathrooms and health rooms. Strengthen the classified collection and timely removal of garbage, and do a good job in cleaning, disinfection and registration of garbage containers.

4. Ensure that the diet is nutritious and hygienic. Strengthen the hygienic management of food and drinking water, strictly implement the food purchase inspection record system, strictly regulate the purchase channels of ingredients, and ensure the traceability of sources. Check whether the food raw materials have expired or deteriorated, and immediately clean up the food raw materials that have problems and destroy them as required. According to the characteristics of children’s growth and development, arrange meals reasonably, provide enough fresh fruits, vegetables and dairy products, and appropriate amount of fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat every day to ensure a variety of foods.

5. Strengthen health education. Strengthen the health guidance for the recovery period of infection and guide the health management during the recovery period. Strengthen publicity and guidance and policy interpretation, and carry out publicity and education on prevention knowledge of infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus infection, norovirus diarrhea, tuberculosis, influenza, measles, chickenpox, mumps, hand, foot and mouth disease and bacillary dysentery for faculty, parents and children through various forms. Teach children the correct way to wash their hands and the way to block coughing and sneezing, and cultivate children to develop good habits of washing their hands frequently, paying attention to hygiene and etiquette.

6. Pay attention to emotional changes. Pay attention to children’s diet and emotional behavior changes. Encourage the allocation of professional mental health education teachers for children, and let children know about novel coronavirus infection prevention through picture book reading, games and other activities.

7. Carry out patriotic health campaign. Combined with the reality of conservation work, vigorously carry forward the great anti-epidemic spirit of the new era, enrich the content and form of patriotic health campaign in kindergartens, improve the environment, improve the health literacy of teachers and staff, and promote the transformation of patriotic health campaign from environmental health management to health management.

(2) Management requirements for faculty, parents and children

8. Strengthen personal protection. During work, security guards, cleaning staff and canteen staff should adopt correct methods to wash their hands and strengthen hand hygiene. Dining room staff should wear disposable gloves, overalls and working caps, and keep them clean, washed and disinfected regularly. When children leave the park, parents should take good care of them. In case of epidemic, they should reduce gathering, and infants under 3 years old should try their best to go to crowded places and do personal protection.

9. Strengthen prevention and control of myopia. According to the characteristics of children’s age, arrange physical exercise with appropriate content and form, and children over 3 years old should have at least 2 hours of outdoor activities every day. Guide children to develop the habit of using their eyes scientifically and strictly control the viewing time. Balance nutritious diet, arrange work and rest reasonably, ensure adequate sleep time and improve immunity.

Iii. Emergency prevention and control measures during the epidemic period

In the case of normalization, it is generally unnecessary to take emergency prevention and control measures. During the epidemic period, the local epidemic prevention and control mechanism (leading group, headquarters) comprehensively evaluates the virus variation, epidemic intensity, medical resource load and social operation, and can take temporary emergency prevention and control measures such as suspending the opening of the park according to the infection of faculty and children and the tension of medical resources. After the epidemic situation is lifted, the conservation order will be restored in time.

Infected faculty and children should stay in well-ventilated and relatively independent rooms as much as possible during their stay at home, so as to reduce close contact with the people who live with them and not go out unless necessary.

Topic: picture channel

　　

　　Huang Lei and Sun Li’s husband and wife tacitly interpreted Lai Shengchuan’s famous stage play "Secret Love of Peach Blossom Garden". Author: Li Yan

　　

　　Huang Lei and Sun Li’s husband and wife performed Yun Zhifan and Jiang Binliu, who have been secretly in love with Peach Blossom Garden for more than 40 years, meet each other in the ward, and their delicate and emotional performance attracted the audience to sob. Author: Li Yan

　　BEIJING, Beijing, March 29 (Reporter Ying Ni) Lai Shengchuan’s famous stage play "Secret Love of Peach Blossom Garden" once again landed on the Beijing stage, and Sun Li’s "Fan of the Clouds" made a stunning debut and cooperated with her husband Huang Lei.

　　Sun Li, the most anticipated latest edition of "The Fan of Clouds" tonight, lived up to expectations. She performed this "most beautiful white camellia" in a gentle and moving way, and completely conquered the audience with sincere acting skills, especially in the last paragraph when she met the elderly "Jiang Binliu" in the ward, which attracted a sob from the audience.

　　In the last scene, Yun Zhifan and Jiang Binliu met in the ward for more than 40 years respectively. The audience was moved by Huang Lei and Sun Li’s tacit and delicate performance. They interpreted the seemingly dull dialogue between the two elderly people as ups and downs, and the audience could fully feel Yun Zhifan’s inner emotional ups and downs under the calm appearance and the emotional accumulation and suffering for decades. When Sun Li and Huang Lei shook hands for the last time before parting, the sobbing in the theater was almost twice as loud as usual, and the audience really realized the feeling that the new york Overseas Chinese News commented on the play that "the walls of the theater almost melted in the last scene".

　　At the curtain call, "Jiang Binliu" Huang Lei gave his wife, Sun Li, a warm and encouraging hug, which won another applause climax from the audience. The model couple in reality seemed to tell the audience that although their roles could not get together in the play, they still had perfect love in real life.

　　As for the Peach Blossom Garden, the performances of He Jiong, Nana and Yu Entai can be described as "better", which is not only more mature in performance, but also more compact in lines and actions after constant running-in, making the Peach Blossom Garden more mature and beautiful, and the "crazy laughter" under the stage is in sharp contrast with the "quiet tears" in the "secret love" part.

　　It is worth mentioning that Huang Lei, who accompanied the mainland version of Peach Blossom Garden, will surpass 100 performances during this year’s tour, and is expected to surpass Jin Shijie to become the "eternal riverside willow" in the audience’s mind.

　　After four performances of Secret Love in Peach Blossom Garden in poly theatre, on April 4th and 5th, Lai Shengchuan, the director, will meet the audience in poly theatre. This stage masterpiece has the reputation of "stage movie blockbuster". The complex and suspenseful storyline, the dazzling stage multimedia presentation and the live saxophone and piano performance all give the play a young and fashionable texture, while the plot of pursuing the road of spiritual home gives the play a profound cultural accumulation and humanistic care temperament.

　　Ma Jingtao, Qu Zhongheng, Ismene Ting, Xu Yanling, Zhu Zhiying, Lai Fanyun and other outstanding Taiwan Province actors will all perform well in the play, and Hua Dan Yang Lele, the master of Hunan Satellite TV, will play a very wonderful role in the play. She is the narrator of the whole story and a witness to the important plot. At the end of the whole drama, Lele will also show her voice and sing the theme song of the whole drama "The Song of Dreams".

Editor: Wang Xu

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Li Xian shouted to the photographer: Please stop.

Karry Studio issued a document to boycott stalking fan.

Yang Mi was shot maliciously on behalf of others.

YiBo thundered against stalking fan.

From May 11th to today, four celebrity artists boarded the hot search one after another in four days. Under the influence of stalking fan’s malicious acting, the private lives of celebrities were frequently harassed.

What is a substitute? Who is driving the growth of the agency industry? What kind of gray industrial chain is hidden behind the star generation? Today, we will talk about the agency industry in the entertainment industry.

Behind the professional shooting:

Xiao Zhan has 50 pictures of 2000 yuan, and Esther Yu has 300 600 yuan.

Before understanding the industrial chain, let’s popularize the slang of rice circles.

Instead of taking pictures, the abbreviation DP is often used in rice circles. Acting as a substitute is a popular career in rice circles in recent two years. Many stars have their own fan groups and stations, but sometimes these fans may not be able to go to the activities attended by the stars. At this time, they will find people who can go to the activities and pay them to help shoot their favorite stars. These photos and videos will be used to maintain the operation of the stations, for fans to lick the screen and bring more traffic exposure to idols.

Stalking fan: An extreme and crazy person among the fans of artists and stars. In order to satisfy their own selfish desires, they like to follow, peep, and secretly photograph the daily and undisclosed trips (airports, hotels, etc.) and work of stars, harass their favorite stars, and affect the private lives of artists (and their families). Illegitimate behavior will cause great trouble to the idol himself, and at the same time, it will disturb public order, bring hidden dangers to public safety, and often deal a blow to the idol’s reputation.

We can often see such videos on social media such as Weibo and Tik Tok. When stars appear in public places such as airports, they are often chased and photographed by a large number of people. There are many fans among the people who take pictures, but more likely they are "professional photographers".

As a matter of fact, there has been a long history of the phenomenon of substitute filming. In recent days, Yang Mi, Li Xian, Karry and others have taken the initiative to denounce this chaos, which shows that the substitute filming industry is rampant. Since last year, many stars have been harassed by substitute filming and boarded the hot search.

For example, Jason Wu was angry when he was forced to take photos, Angelababy fans were beaten when they were forced to take photos, and Sean Xiao fans were crazy about taking photos and disturbing the order of the airport.

Many people may be curious, how do professional substitute photographers get the travel information of stars and shoot them? What’s the use of taking these photos? Who will buy it? How does the agency industry work from top to bottom?

The reporter’s investigation found that there are many sellers selling celebrity privacy itineraries on the Internet, and the privacy of a large number of celebrities such as Jackson Yee, Karry, Arqie, YiBo, Adam and Esther Yu is sold in the circle of friends, including flight information, ID number, passport number, mobile phone number, micro-signal, website account and even playlist of listening to music APP.

In order to avoid security risks, reporters were told that sensitive words should be expressed by abbreviations during the communication with such sellers.

For example:

Brush off-SG household registration map-HJ flight-HB/

High-speed rail-gt/address-DZ ID card-SFZ

This kind of sellers are the upstream practitioners in the industrial chain of professional proxy photography. They provide the basic guarantee for proxy photography by providing the privacy itinerary of stars.

After obtaining the itinerary, the work of taking pictures on behalf of them began. In addition to professional shooting equipment, they also need to have excellent technical acumen. Take the airport as an example. Professional agents will specially buy air tickets to go through the security check with artists, and then refund them after filming, so as to minimize the work cost.

If you get a first-hand photo, you will resell it to fans or a third-party seller, and then the seller will sell it to fans at a higher price to earn the difference.

The reporter interviewed a number of sellers and provided the reporter with the price of the corresponding star.

Take Esther Yu, a popular trainee in "Youth has You 2", for example, 100 pictures start as a small bag, and the price is 260 yuan; 160 pictures are big bags, and the price is 330 yuan; The whole package starts with 300 pictures, and the price is 600 yuan.

In addition, the quality of photos, the clarity and the popularity of artists will all determine the selling price. For example, only 30 pictures in Jackson Yee are sold in 260 yuan, and the price of substitute photos in Sean Xiao is much higher than that of ordinary stars, and 50 pictures can be sold for 2,000 yuan.

To put it simply, acting as a proxy means that groups mainly in stalking fan take photos by tracking stars, and then resell them to fans to earn money.

Invade privacy and disturb public order

The chaos in the auction industry is frequent.

Where there is demand, there is a market. Driven by interests, the agency group is growing. Searching for "selling pictures dp" on Weibo, we can find that everything related to substitute photography can be done in it, from information selling to photo trading. It can be seen that as a product of the development of fan economy to a certain stage, Daipai has now formed a complete industrial chain from top to bottom.

Nowadays, the development of the agency industry has gradually lost control. According to previous CCTV news reports, there were 20 recorded fan alarms in 2017 only in Terminal T3 of the Capital Airport. From January to July 2018, there were 7 recorded fan alarms. In the process of filming, it not only causes inconvenience to artists, but also seriously affects the operation order of the airport, brings inconvenience to airport staff, and even brings congestion to the airport, causing certain security risks.

In addition to disturbing public order, there are many kinds of chaos in the agency auction industry, such as invasion of privacy, which leads artists to file complaints one after another.

As early as 2019, the People’s Daily published an article criticizing the agency auction. The People’s Daily said that Hugh and Jason Wu angrily denounced the agency auction, and Sean Xiao was blocked by the agency auction, resulting in flight delays … In recent years, the agency auction business has repeatedly been out of order and ignored social rules, which seriously disturbed social order. No interest should override the public interest. Only by correcting the traffic direction with rules and leading the fan economy with order can the traffic economy return to rationality and go further.

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Original title: "Starting from the star to shoot the industrial chain: 50 photos of Xiao Zhan sell for 2,000 yuan, and 300 photos of 600 yuan in Esther Yu"

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On July 1 ST, Tesla announced today the car purchase rights of its Model 3/Y model in July.rear-guardStandard endurance/long endurance four-wheel drive models can enjoy a limited-time five-year zero-interest installment car purchase plan if they place orders before July 31.As a comparison, last month’s car purchase rights were Model 3/Y standard battery life version, and you can enjoy the 5-year 0-interest installment car purchase plan.

As of the press release of IT House,Tesla did not adjust the price of the Model 3/Y model.With reference to official website, the prices of two models are as follows.

Tesla started the delivery of Model 3 high-performance version (high-performance all-wheel drive version) on June 18th. The front face of the car is provided with air vents and a uniquely designed rectifying front lip, and the rear end is equipped with a carbon fiber spoiler and diffuser, as well as an exclusive racing badge, equipped with new 19-inch warp wheels and exclusive red high-performance calipers.

In terms of handling, the car provides three acceleration modes: comfort, standard and madness, as well as a number of custom track modes, and at the same time improves the brake feel, using aluminum alloy sports pedals.

In addition, the car adopts a new generation of high-performance powertrain, which is equipped with Tesla’s new generation of high-performance motors for the first time. Under the condition that the volume and weight are almost unchanged, the power of a single motor has increased by more than 20%.The maximum power is 460 HP, the peak torque reaches 678N?m, the acceleration time is 3.1s, and the CLTC cruising range is 623 km..

[car home Weihai Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, we learned from Weihai market that preferential activities are under way, with the highest preferential range reaching 134,900 yuan and the lowest starting price dropping to 317,000 yuan. If you are interested in this electric car, you may wish to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to strive for a higher preferential price.

The exterior design of the BMW i4 combines a sense of movement and futurity, and the front face adopts a closed kidney grille design, which highlights the identity of the electric car. Headlights have sharp lines and cooperate with the air intake below to create a strong visual impact. The side lines of the car body are smooth, and the roof lines are smooth. With large-sized wheels, the dynamic style is further highlighted. The tail design is simple and powerful, and the LED taillight group adopts unique design elements to make the overall shape more modern. The overall style of BMW i4 not only retains the design genes of BMW family, but also incorporates more innovative elements, making it stand out among many electric vehicles.

The length, width and height of BMW i4 are 4785mm, 1852mm and 1455mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2856mm. The side lines of the car body are smooth, with a front track of 1601mm and a rear track of 1630mm, giving the car a dynamic posture. The front tyre size is 245/45 R18, and the rear tyre size is 255/45 R18. With sporty rims, the overall visual effect of the vehicle is further improved.

The interior design of BMW i4 is mainly luxury and technology. The center console adopts a 14.9-inch high-definition touch screen, which integrates voice recognition control systems such as multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning, providing rich information and entertainment functions for drivers. The steering wheel is made of leather, which supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, improving driving comfort. In terms of seats, BMW i4 provides leather imitation, genuine leather and leather /Alcantara mixed materials. The main and auxiliary seats have the functions of front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment (4-way), leg rest adjustment and lumbar support (4-way), and the front seats also have heating function, which brings comfortable riding experience to passengers. In addition, the car is also equipped with mobile phone wireless charging function and multiple USB/Type-C charging interfaces, which is convenient for users to charge various devices on the road.

The BMW i4 is equipped with a powerful electric engine with a maximum power of 210kW and a maximum torque of 400 Nm, providing abundant power output and excellent acceleration performance.

The owner of car home said that the configuration parameters of Series I’s 3, 5 and X3 are almost the same, only the shell has been changed, and I want to buy the I4 for the sake of personality. Of course, it is still imported, so there is no need to do such a thing as buying it home and deducting the label. The big nostrils are not mediocre at first glance. When I drive out, everyone guesses at 600,000. I’m sorry.

I. Implementation Background and Objectives

According to the requirements of the Action Plan for Promoting the Scale Deployment of the Sixth Edition of Internet Protocol (IPv6) issued by the Central Office and the State Council, the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Main Points of Government Affairs Disclosure in 2018 (Guo Ban Fa [2018] No.23), and the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Pilot Work Plan for Intensive Government Websites (Guo Ban Han [2018] No.71), Shanghai Big Data Center carried out the IPv6 upgrade and transformation of the whole station. At the same time, combined with the intensive platform construction of government websites, it organized and coordinated the websites of 16 district governments and 43 municipal government departments to realize IPv6 access and transformation simultaneously.

Second, the work situation

(a) to complete the "China Shanghai" portal IPv6 upgrade.

In 2018, based on the previous investigation, the Municipal Big Data Center made a work plan for upgrading and transforming the IPv6 portal of China Shanghai, and actively and steadily promoted related work in strict accordance with the work requirements.

The first is to clarify the subject of responsibility.The "China Shanghai" portal is hosted by the General Office of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government and undertaken by the Municipal Big Data Center. According to the job functions, the City Big Data Center is the main body responsible for the IPv6 deployment and transformation of "China Shanghai" portal website, responsible for implementing the work requirements and coordinating with other relevant departments to promote the IPv6 transformation of "China Shanghai".

The second is to clarify the status quo of the website.In July 2018, all the portals of "China Shanghai" were moved to the government cloud platform of the whole city, and the government cloud platform provided the network and equipment layer infrastructure in a unified way.

The third is to determine the work plan.After research and comparison, it is decided to use the firewall equipment exported from the network side, and use NAT64 protocol to realize the initiative connection of IPv4 network to access IPv6 network.

Figure 1: Business Access Process

NAT64 is a stateful network address and protocol conversion technology, which can realize the address and protocol conversion between IPv6 and IPv4 under TCP, UDP and ICMP protocols. This scheme can directly support IPv6 connection access without affecting the normal operation of the original business. The advantage is that the internal transformation of the data center is small, and it can be launched quickly, thus solving the problem of "skylight" on the page caused by external links.

Figure 2: Network deployment scenarios of 2：NAT64 and DNS64.

The Internet address of "China Shanghai" portal website is bound with the internal load-balancing address, so this time it will be realized by configuring NAT conversion from IPv6 address to IPv4 load-balancing address; This IPv6 address translation configuration is to add an IPv6 address entry on the original basis, without affecting the normal operation of the original IPv4 address.

At the end of 2018, we verified the connectivity, stability and IPv6 network effectiveness of the "China Shanghai" portal website one by one, and achieved the expected results.

(two) actively promote the city’s government website IPv6 upgrade.

The IPv6 transformation of Shanghai municipal government website needs the cooperation of many government departments and manufacturers, and it is difficult to coordinate and solve many tasks such as optical fiber circuit and political cloud network configuration, server networking and domain name resolution.

Since 2019, Shanghai has written the work requirements related to the IPv6 transformation of government websites into the "Annual Work Points of Government Affairs Openness" for two consecutive years. At the same time, according to the Notice of the General Office of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Work Plan for the Construction of Intensive Platform of Shanghai Municipal Government Website (Hu Fu Ban [2019] No.9), we will deploy and promote the IPv6 transformation work together with the intensive work of government websites.

The website architecture of Shanghai municipal government is the interconnection of two platforms in urban areas, the websites of municipal departments are connected to the intensive platform of municipal government websites, and the network and equipment layer infrastructure is provided by the municipal government cloud platform. The 16 district-level platforms are the portal websites of all districts, which are transformed by the government cloud platforms of all districts.

The first is to complete the transformation of IPv6, an intensive platform for government websites.The transformation scope includes the portal website of the municipal government and the websites of 43 government departments. The municipal government cloud platform provides IPv6 addresses for the export of each website, and the municipal big data center applies for domain names for analysis.

Figure 3: IPv6 detection results

The second is to complete the IPv6 address transformation of cloud shield security protection service.The website authorities coordinate and promote Yundun technology providers to provide solutions, and apply for domain name resolution to Shanghai Big Data Center. At present, the websites of four departments using Yundun have all completed the IPv6 address transformation.

The third is to urge all commissions and bureaus to complete the IPv6 transformation of website dynamic link.Because most of the dynamic link backstage is developed and operated by the commissions, the IPv6 transformation of the website except the intensive part needs to be coordinated by the commissions. At present, most of the links have been transformed, and the IPv6 accessibility rate of the websites of various commissions and bureaus is basically above 90%.

The fourth is to complete the IPv6 address transformation of the portal website of the district government.The competent authorities of the portal websites of each district government formulated and implemented the upgrading scheme of the portal websites of this district government, and all 16 districts chose the cloud conversion service scheme to complete the IPv6 transformation.

Third, the effectiveness of the work

After intensive transformation, the use of IP in government websites has also changed from "multiple sites at one site" to "multiple sites at one site", and unified domain name resolution has been used to reduce the occupation of resources and greatly improve the efficiency of IPv6 upgrading.

At the end of 2020, the General Office of the State Council conducted a spot check on the IPv6 transformation of the national government websites. The websites of "China Shanghai" and 16 district governments all passed the retest, and the pass rate of the second and third level links exceeded 90%.

Fourth, work highlights

(1) Overall planning and unified deployment.The IPv6 transformation of government websites is a systematic project. From intensive integration to IPv6 transformation and deployment, it involves many contents, manufacturers and technical teams, and needs support from all sides. Shanghai Big Data Center actively cooperates with the general office of the municipal government to strengthen overall coordination and do a good job of communication and connection with technical support, construction trustees and network operators. After the transformation of IPv6, users of both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols can access it normally, so that government websites have many functions and services, and their normal use and access will not be affected.

(2) Intensive construction and simultaneous advancement.Shanghai Big Data Center reused the experience of "China Shanghai" IPv6 upgrade in the construction of intensive platform, and accelerated the deployment of IPv6 after relying on the intensive platform to solve most of the "external chain" problems. In 2019, relying on the intensive platform, it completed the IPv6 transformation of the city’s government websites in a unified way, and really achieved resource intensive.

(three) supervision and inspection to ensure the effectiveness.According to the Inspection Index of Government Websites and Government Affairs New Media and the Annual Assessment Index of Government Websites and Government Affairs New Media Supervision formulated by the General Office of the State Council, the Shanghai Big Data Center will bring the IPv6 upgrading of the government websites into the supervision from 2019. From July, 2020, report the IPv6 upgrade and transformation of the homepage of each website every month; At the same time, this work will be included in the annual evaluation of government websites to maintain the effectiveness of IPv6 upgrading.

　　[Pacific Auto Network Car Channel]In addition, the car oil that car owners are most concerned about is it. But for ordinary car owners, they are often confused when choosing engine oil — — What kind of engine oil is suitable for my car? Is there any better engine oil that can improve my engine power and reduce noise? How many kilometers is the oil change mileage? Can it be extended? We will answer all these questions in the series of articles on selecting engine oil for beginners.

● Two important parameters of engine oil

　　When choosing engine oil, we mainly care about two parameters — — SAE viscosity grade and API quality grade. These two parameters will be clearly marked on the oil tank body. Let’s take a closer look at the details of these two parameters.

● SAE viscosity grade

　

　　The viscosity of common engine oils on the market is classified by SAE (American Society of Automotive Engineers) standard. The tank body of engine oil will be printed with the corresponding engine oil viscosity value, such as "0W30". The "0" before the "W" in "0W30" indicates the oil.Low temperature viscosityThe grade is grade 0, and the "30" after "W" indicates the oil.High temperature viscosityThe level is level 30.

● Whether an engine oil is suitable in winter should not only look at the low temperature viscosity, but the "pour point" is the most important!

　　SAE specifies the apparent viscosity ranges of 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W and 20W engine oils at -35℃, -30℃, -15℃, -10℃ and -5℃ respectively. The smaller the number before "W", the better the low-temperature fluidity of this oil.At this point, some car owners will ask, is it necessary to use 5W or 0W engine oil when the temperature is below -30℃ in winter? Actually, it’s not like this.

　　The low-temperature viscosity grade only indicates the fluidity of engine oil at a specific temperature, which is not directly related to the environmental temperature of the vehicle. To determine whether the fluidity of engine oil is sufficient at a specific ambient temperature, we should pay attention to another important parameter of engine oil, that is, pour point (in degrees Celsius).Pour point is the lowest temperature at which engine oil can flow in a low temperature environment. We suggest that northern car owners choose engine oil whose pour point is about 10℃ lower than the lowest temperature in winter.

　

How to check the pour point parameters?
　　Pour point data of engine oil products can be found in official website, the engine oil manufacturer. Xiaobian queryMobil、, Shell, KunlunOfficial website, except Shell’s official website, other brands of official website have provided the corresponding pour point data of engine oil products.

Mobil 1:
http://www.mobil.ca/Canada-English-LCW/carengineoils_products_mobil-1_0w40.aspx#
Castrol Jinjiahu:
http://www.castrol.com/castrol/productdetail.do? categoryId=9040507&contentId=6030785
Kunlun Tianyuan SM:
http://www.kunlunlube.com.cn/rhy/pro/jiaoche/jiaoche_01_01.htm　

　

● The high temperature viscosity of engine oil should be determined according to the structural parameters of the engine.

　　The high temperature viscosity grade is calibrated according to the dynamic viscosity value of engine oil at 100℃. It expresses the viscosity of engine oil under the engine warm-up condition (generally about 100℃). The higher the high-temperature viscosity grade, the greater the viscosity of engine oil when the engine is warm-up.The selection of high temperature viscosity parameters of engine oil should be determined according to the engine structure design. The average car owner can’t know the engine structure of the vehicle better than that, soWe should choose high temperature viscosity parameters according to the maintenance data marked in the manufacturer’s manual..

● The dynamic viscosity at 100℃ determines whether the oil is fuel-efficient and low noise or high speed and high protection.

　　The actual measured values of dynamic viscosity at 100℃ of different brands of products with the same high temperature viscosity grade are different, and the lower dynamic viscosity at 100℃ can reduce and reduce engine noise; A higher dynamic viscosity at 100℃ will better protect the engine at ultra-high speed.Xiao Bian believes that according to the actual use of your car, if you use the car in urban areas and drive gently, it is recommended to use engine oil products with low dynamic viscosity at 100℃; If you like to occasionally compare with others to accelerate, it is recommended to use engine oil products with high dynamic viscosity at 100℃. How to check the dynamic viscosity of engine oil products? Like pour point data, it can be found in official website, the engine oil manufacturer.

● Editorial suggestions

　　For southern users, choosing a lower low temperature viscosity can improve the starting performance, at the same time, make the engine oil temperature rise faster and reach the appropriate engine oil working temperature and viscosity faster. For northern users, the low-temperature viscosity should be based on the local lowest temperature in winter to choose the engine oil with appropriate pour point parameters.

　　As for the high-temperature viscosity parameters, if you are a person who is afraid of trouble, you can buy oil directly according to the maintenance data in the manual. If you are an advanced user, you should pay attention to the dynamic viscosity data at 100℃ published by the manufacturer. By comparing the 100℃ dynamic viscosity data of engine oils with the same viscosity grade, we can find out the engine oils that can reduce fuel consumption and noise (relatively low dynamic viscosity) and protect the engine better at high speed and high load (relatively high dynamic viscosity).

● Case analysis

　

　　How should we choose according to different car use situations? The above is the parameter list of three oil products. If the lowest temperature in winter in our area is around -35℃, then we should choose Mobil No.1 5W30 with a pour point of -42℃. For car owners in southern China, they don’t have to pay too much attention to the pour point data of engine oil, so they should choose Castrol Jinjiahu or Mobil Suba 2000 with lower dynamic viscosity at 100℃ (both dynamic viscosities at 100℃ are 10.7). This can reduce the fuel consumption and noise of the engine.

　

　

　

● User comments are wonderful:

1/F Pacific iPhone Client User 06-07 19:19:04
It’s no use burning engine oil with total synthesis.

Editor’s comment:Audi cars are widely used in current models, EA113 and these three cast iron cylinder engines. The engine warm-up temperature is designed to be higher, so the gap between the ring and the cylinder liner is larger. Volkswagen requires the use of 5W40 engine oil, but also requires the high-temperature and high-shear viscosity of the engine oil to reach 3.5cP. The high-temperature and high-shear viscosity of a large part of commercial engine oil with viscosity of 5W40 only reaches the level of 2.7-2.9cP, so it is natural to burn engine oil. I found a Mobil No.1 0W40 engine oil in the market, and its high-temperature and high-shear viscosity reaches 3.6cP, which can meet the requirements of Volkswagen engine statistically. You can try it next time you change the oil.

2nd Floor Pacific iPhone Client User 06-07 22:40:26
I don’t quite understand it, but I understand that if there is often a behavior of pulling up the speed, I should choose a high viscosity. However, there is little difference between the three data introduced. It should not be as high as possible, right? Any other introductions?

Editor’s comment:Suppose your car officially requires 5W30 engine oil, then you can go to official website to check the dynamic viscosity data of various engine oils at 100℃. If you often suddenly step on the accelerator and increase the speed, then choose 5W30 engine oil with relatively high dynamic viscosity at 100℃ among the products of various manufacturers, which will protect the engine better; If you drive smoothly and use high speed, using 5W30 engine oil with relatively low dynamic viscosity at 100℃ can reduce noise and fuel consumption.

Castrol doesn’t have 5w-30 grade engine oil, is it a trust?

Editor’s comment:Castrol has 5W30 viscosity engine oil products in several series. Here is a link to the data parameters of Castrol Jinjiahu:http://www.castrol.com/liveassets/bp_internet/castrol/castrol_usa/STAGING/local_assets/downloads/p,q/pds_castrol_gtx_2010.pdf

17th Floor, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province 06-08 10:45:01
If you often go to the track, the minimum shift gear is 4500, which is basically 5500-6500 rpm. Is 0W40 or 10W60 better? The original factory requires 5W30.

Editor’s comment:As far as I know, the train type uses 10W60 engine oil. In fact, whether to choose 0W40 or 10W60 depends on whether you often use the car on the track or in the city. As for the racing car, the car has been warmed up before the race, and it will often accelerate rapidly and maintain a high speed during the race, so the use of 10W60 is to ensure that the friction pairs can be properly lubricated when they are in extremely high temperature. However, using 0W40 is really not suitable for racing cars, mainly because it can’t provide suitable viscosity to lubricate the engine under intense driving conditions.

The high-temperature and high-shear viscosity of ordinary engine oil at 200℃ is as low as 2.0cP. Obviously, this viscosity is not an ideal viscosity that can provide sufficient protection for the engine. It is suggested to find an engine oil product whose high shear viscosity at 200℃ can be higher than 2.6cP. Generally speaking, it is easier to find products that meet the requirements in 10W60 engine oil, and few products in 0W40 engine oil can reach this value.

Racing car running downtown, using 10W60, which is quite expensive and noisy.

　

● API quality grade

　　Generally speaking, our quality grades will be identified by API standards, that is, "SJ", "SL", "SM" or "SN" we see on the engine oil tank. The more the letters after "S" are sorted, the better the durability and quality of the oil. For example, "SM" will be superior to "SL". API stands for american petroleum institute’s evaluation standard of engine oil quality grade.

● There is a difference between "All synthetic engine oil" and "Mineral Oil".

　　Generally, we often refer to the whole of synthetic engine oil, and its grade is generally "SM" or "Sn"; The grade of semi-synthetic engine oil is generally "SL" or "SM"; The grade of mineral oil is generally SJ.

　　Generally, the classification of engine oil grades needs to pass professional laboratory tests, which contain a lot of durability tests, such as soot test. The engine oil that meets the requirements of "SN" must meet the requirements of "SJ", "SL" and "SM", and so on.

Low viscosity grade of "all synthetic engine oil" and "mineral oil" new oil performance index is similar.

　　So as car owners, what should we pay attention to when choosing the oil grade?First of all, we must understand that the new oil performance index of synthetic engine oil with the same viscosity grade is similar to that of ordinary mineral oil, and the difference between them lies in stability, durability and cleanliness.Therefore, when choosing engine oil, we should pay more attention to our car habits and the expected oil change cycle.

● Case analysis

　

　　A mineral oil and a synthetic engine oil-wide parameter are listed above. It can be seen that their API grades are quite different, which shows that the durability of the two oils is quite different, that is, the oil change cycle of the two oils is very different.In addition, their total base number is nearly doubled.The total base number of engine oil indicates the cleaning ability of engine oil, which is why synthetic engine oil boasts that it can avoid sludge formation and has a cleaning effect on the engine.

● Editorial suggestions

　　Generally speaking, the engine oil can be changed every 10,000 kilometers with engines from all over synthetic engine oil, but the engine oil with mineral oil needs to be changed less than 5,000 kilometers. On the market, the price of 4L in synthetic engine oil is about 450 yuan, the price of semi-synthetic engine oil is about 260 yuan, and the price of mineral oil is about 150 yuan. Considering that the oil change cycle in synthetic engine oil is doubled and it has a good cleaning effect on the engine, its cost performance is not as low as expected. For operating vehicles, it is more cost-effective to travel a long distance in a short time, with short oil change cycle, low durability and fast performance attenuation.

　　If we choose one of the two oils mentioned above, for ordinary family cars, we should choose Mobil 1, mainly considering that its "SN" quality can bring longer oil change mileage and better engine cleaning ability; For operating vehicles, Kunlun 8000 should be selected, so as to obtain the highest cost performance, reduce costs and increase profits in a short oil change cycle.

Summary:

　

　　Two important performance parameters of engine oil are SAE viscosity grade and API quality grade respectively.

　　The low-temperature viscosity parameter of engine oil represents the fluidity of engine oil at a specific temperature, which is not directly related to the environmental temperature of the vehicle. To determine whether the fluidity of engine oil is sufficient at a specific ambient temperature, we should pay attention to the pour point parameters of engine oil.

　　The high temperature viscosity parameters of engine oil should be selected according to the structure and design of engine. It is most convenient and reliable to select the high temperature viscosity of engine oil by referring to the engine oil viscosity parameters in the vehicle manual. Advanced users can check the dynamic viscosity data of engine oil products at 100℃ in official website, an engine oil manufacturer, and choose engine oil products with lower noise (relatively low dynamic viscosity) or better protection performance from high to high load (relatively high dynamic viscosity).

　　In synthetic engine oil, the grade is generally "SM" or "Sn"; The grade of semi-synthetic engine oil is generally "SL" or "SM"; The grade of mineral oil is generally SJ. There is little difference in performance indexes between all synthetic engine oil and ordinary mineral oil with the same viscosity grade, but the difference between them lies in stability, durability and cleanliness to the engine.

　　The editor’s suggestion is that ordinary household users should use the whole synthetic engine oil and set the oil change interval at 9000-10000 km. The operating vehicles can use mineral oil, and the oil change cycle should not exceed two months due to the long mileage per unit time.