The list of general secretary Zhang’s books.

  "I have many hobbies. My biggest hobby is reading. Reading has become a way of life for me." In 2013, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said in a joint interview with the BRICS media. A year later, in Sochi, Russia, he mentioned reading again when talking about his personal hobbies: "Reading can keep people alive, inspire people with wisdom, and nourish people with lofty spirit."

  From Liangjiahe to Zhongnanhai, from grass-roots work to governing the country, the supreme leader always regards reading and learning as a life attitude, a work responsibility and a spiritual pursuit.

  On different occasions at home and abroad, he quoted classic works many times and listed a rich list of books — — Leading cadres are required to seriously study the works of Marxism–Leninism classic writers such as the communist party Declaration and Das Kapital, and draw ideological nutrition from them; Understand the history, and inherit the national spirit and excellent national culture from ancient poetry classics such as Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius, Ancient Poetry Source, Book of Songs and Warning to the World; Read foreign classics such as War and Peace, The Old Man and the Sea, Resurrection, etc., and gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and civilizations … …

  On the occasion of World Reading Day, we should learn from the reading attitude of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, "If you don’t know anything, you will be thirsty for knowledge", draw wisdom from reading and cultivate spiritual strength.

  Classic works of Marxism — — "Draw ideological nutrition from it"

  The works of Marxism-Leninism have always been an important part of the recommendation list given by the Supreme Leader General Secretary to party member cadres.

  The supreme leader once pointed out that leading cadres should generally read books in three aspects. Among them, the first one is contemporary China’s Marxist theoretical works. While studying these works, the Supreme Leader also requested to trace back to the source and seriously study the works of Marxism–Leninism’s classic writers.

  From communist party Declaration to German Ideology, Das Kapital and Critique of the Gotha Program, it is always the supreme leader’s insistence to "learn and make good use of the classic works of Marxism such as the communist party Declaration", and it is also his consistent requirement for the vast number of party member cadres, especially senior cadres.

△ The Chinese translation of the communist party Declaration published in August (left) and September 1920.

△ The Chinese translation of the communist party Declaration published in August (left) and September 1920.

  Under the kerosene lamp in the cave, the young supreme leader read Das Kapital three times, took many notes and read several different versions.

  He once shared his reading experience in those years: "At that time, I read some works of Marxism-Leninism. At the age of 15, I already have the ability of independent thinking. Through constant re-examination, I have achieved the negation of negation and gained new knowledge by reviewing the past. I gradually feel that Marxism is indeed the truth, that the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is indeed the people’s choice and historical choice, and that the socialist road we are taking is indeed the only way. This kind of conclusion drawn through your own thinking and understanding will be unwavering. "

△ Several versions of Das Kapital and communist party Declaration are displayed in the library of Renmin University of China. In 2022, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Renmin University of China, he visited the library.

△ Several versions of Das Kapital and communist party Declaration are displayed in the library of Renmin University of China. In 2022, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Renmin University of China, he visited the library.

  Someone once asked the supreme leader: "How to read the original Marxism as soon as possible, is there any trick?"

  "There is no trick, that is, to read it repeatedly and attentively, and to put the original Marxist works ‘ Thick reading thin, thin reading thick ’ 。” He replied like this.

  Many years later, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader also told the cadres in party member: "If you feel insecure, study the classic works and read the communist party Declaration several times."

  In his view, the communist party Declaration is a rich theoretical treasure house, which has made many theoretical contributions, and it is worthy of our repeated study and in-depth study, and constantly draw ideological nutrition from it.

  Chinese cultural classics — — "Inherit the endless spirit of the Chinese nation"

  "The Chinese nation has advocated reading since ancient times, paying attention to knowledge and sincerity, inheriting the endless spirit of the Chinese nation and shaping the self-confidence and self-improvement of the people of China." Last year’s Reading Day, in a congratulatory letter to the first National Reading Conference, the General Secretary expounded the significance of reading to inheritance.

  Chinese culture has a long history and is profound, just like a treasure. Once explored, it will be useful for life.

  When working in the local area, the supreme leader has the habit of reading local chronicles carefully. He once said: "To understand the important situation of a place immediately, we must understand its history. The reliable way to understand history is to look at the ambition. " "In the past, wherever I went, the first thing I did was to read local chronicles."

  In 1980s, Zhengding County Committee of Hebei Province decided to compile Zhengding Ancient and Modern. "How can I make up this book? A clever woman can’t cook without rice! " The relevant staff searched everywhere and found no information, so they had to ask the supreme leader of the county party Committee secretary for help. The supreme leader said, "I have a complete set of Zhengding Prefecture Records and a set of Zhengding County Records, which all record the history of Zhengding in detail." And these ancient books are copies collected by the supreme leader himself, which are very rare.

△ The supreme leader when working in Zhengding

△ The supreme leader when working in Zhengding

  When working in Zhejiang, the Supreme Leader asked Shaoxing leading cadres to recite Preface to Lanting Collection and Hairpin Phoenix to enhance their understanding of local history and culture.

  党的十八大以来,最高领袖总书记到孔子故里山东曲阜的孔府和孔子研究院参观,表示要仔细看看《孔子家语通解》《论语诠解》这两本书;到北大探望国学泰斗汤一介,了解大型国学丛书《儒藏》编纂情况;在出访途中万米高空的专机上,与记者谈论“古诗文经典已融入中华民族的血脉,成了我们的基因”……

△ Visitors visit the Confucius Museum in Qufu, Shandong.

△ Visitors visit the Confucius Museum in Qufu, Shandong.

  《古诗源》《诗经》《天问》《喻世明言》《警世通言》《醒世恒言》……总书记提及的一本本典籍、一篇篇作品里,流淌着中华民族涵养的浩然之气。以中华文明为源头活水,我们要使中华优秀传统文化成为“中华民族的突出优势”“最深厚的文化软实力”。

  外国文学名著——“领略人类文明的博大精深、丰富多彩”

  在河北正定工作时,最高领袖同陆树棠等友人谈论俄国文学,大家聊到托尔斯泰。

  最高领袖说:“哪个托尔斯泰?”

  陆树棠愣了一下,心里想:习书记这么有学问,难道不知道托尔斯泰的大名?

  最高领袖接着说:“俄国有两个托尔斯泰。一个是列夫·托尔斯泰,写过《战争与和平》《安娜·卡列尼娜》《复活》,我读过。还有一个是阿·托尔斯泰,他是剧作家和诗人。”

  In the supreme leader’s mind, understanding philosophers, writers and their works of different countries and nationalities is the best way to understand and communicate with each other. Reading foreign classics can not only help us understand different cultures of different countries, but also better appreciate the profoundness and richness of human civilization.

  At the commemorative meeting of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France, the Supreme Leader mentioned many works that had influenced him: "Reading books on modern French history, especially the history of the French Revolution, has enriched my thinking on the law of political evolution of human society. Reading the works of Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Saint-Simon, Fourier and Sartre has deepened my understanding of the role of ideological progress in the progress of human society. Reading the works of Montaigne, La Fontaine, Moliere, Stendhal, Balzac, Hugo, Dumas, george sand, Flaubert, Dumas, Mo Bosang, romain rolland, etc., has increased my feelings about the joys and sorrows of human life. "

△ On September 22, 2015, the Supreme Leader attended a welcome banquet jointly hosted by the local government of Washington State and American friendship groups in Seattle, USA, and mentioned "The Old Man and the Sea" in his speech.

△ On September 22, 2015, the Supreme Leader attended a welcome banquet jointly hosted by the local government of Washington State and American friendship groups in Seattle, USA, and mentioned "The Old Man and the Sea" in his speech.

  In 2015, in Seattle, USA, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader told a story about his "literary love": "Hemingway’s" The Old Man and the Sea "left a deep impression on the description of squally winds and rainstorms, huge waves and boats, old people and sharks. The first time I went to Cuba, I made a special trip to the pier where Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea. The second time I went to Cuba, I went to Hemingway’s usual bar and ordered Hemingway’s favorite rum with mint leaves and ice. I want to experience the spiritual world and field atmosphere when Hemingway wrote those stories. I think we need to know more about different cultures and civilizations. "

△ In September 2021, readers read at the 28th Beijing International Book Fair.

△ In September 2021, readers read at the 28th Beijing International Book Fair.

  I am full of poetry and books. Let’s follow the list of books listed by the general secretary, read more and better books, cultivate lofty spirit, shape noble personality, and constantly improve humanistic quality and spiritual realm.

  Producer: Geng Zhimin

  Producer Xing Lai

  Editor-in-Chief Ning Lili

  Write Zhang Yanan.

  Visual sense Jiang yuhang

The exam starts on June 18th! It’s about the Changsha senior high school entrance examination. You should know these things.

Recently, the Changsha Municipal Education Bureau issued the "Changsha 2023 Junior High School Academic Level Examination and Senior High School Enrollment Work Plan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), specifying that the academic level examination will be held from June 18 to 20 this year, in which the written examination subjects for the third grade are Chinese (120 points), mathematics (120 points), English (120 points, including listening 20 points) and comprehensive literature 200. 60 points at the time of admission), 200 points for comprehensive management (including physics and chemistry, with 100 points for each paper, 70 points for physics and 50 points for chemistry at the time of admission), and the comprehensive management and comprehensive management are tested in the same class; The written examination subjects for the second grade are biology and geography (100 points for each paper).

According to the spirit of "Notice of the General Office of Changsha Municipal People’s Government on Adjusting Junior High School Academic Level Examination and School Enrollment in Senior High School", the total score of senior high school enrollment is 720 points, including 120 points in Chinese, Mathematics and English, 60 points in morality and rule of law, 60 points in history, 70 points in physics, 50 points in chemistry, 40 points in biology, 40 points in geography and 40 points in physical education senior high school entrance examination.

The "Program" points out that fresh junior high school graduates will take the city’s junior high school level examination in a unified way. If the total score of the subjects reaches 60% or above, and all dimensions of the comprehensive quality evaluation results reach C or above, they will be allowed to graduate and be awarded a junior high school diploma uniformly printed by the education administrative department.

At the same time, the "Program" confirms that high school schools are admitted through a unified information platform. The enrollment of senior high schools in urban areas is organized and implemented by the Zhaoban of the Municipal Education Bureau, and the enrollment of senior high schools in Changsha County, Liuyang City and Ningxiang City is organized and implemented by the education administrative departments of counties (cities) with reference to the relevant schemes of the Zhaoban of the Municipal Education Bureau. According to the enrollment plan, the urban high schools are uniformly issued by the Municipal Education Bureau, while the high schools in Changsha County, Liuyang City and Ningxiang City are issued by the county (city) education bureaus. The enrollment plan should meet the overall requirements of the state for the separation of general and vocational education in senior high schools. The enrollment plans of general and vocational high schools are roughly the same, and the education administrative department should reasonably allocate no less than 60% of the high-quality high school enrollment places to junior high schools in the region. (Shen Zhilin)

Attachment:

Changsha 2023 Junior High School Academic Level Examination and Senior High School Enrollment Work Plan

In order to conscientiously do a good job in Changsha’s 2023 junior high school academic level examination and high school enrollment, According to the "Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Further Promoting the Reform of the Examination Enrollment System in Senior High Schools" (Teaching Base II [2016] No.4), The Notice of Hunan Provincial Department of Education on Further Standardizing the Enrollment of Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools (Xiang Jiao Tong [2022] No.102) and the Notice of the General Office of Changsha Municipal People’s Government on Adjusting the Junior High School Proficiency Examination and the Enrollment of High Schools (Chang Zheng Ban Fa [2020] No.53) and the Notice of the General Office of Changsha Municipal People’s Government on Further Strengthening the Enrollment Management of Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools (Chang Zheng Ban Fa [2022])

I. Guiding ideology

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we should thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, comprehensively implement the Party’s educational policy, implement the fundamental task of educating people and promote the all-round development of students. We will steadily promote the reform of the junior high school level examination and the enrollment system in senior high schools in our city, promote the balanced quality of compulsory education and the coordinated and healthy development of senior high school education, strictly regulate school-running behavior, and comprehensively promote sunshine enrollment.

Second, the examination and evaluation

(A) academic evaluation

1. Written examination

(1) Examination subjects and scores

The written examination subjects of grade three are Chinese (120 points), mathematics (120 points), English (120 points, including listening), comprehensive literature (including morality and rule of law, history, each with 100 points, which is equivalent to 60 points at the time of admission) and comprehensive science (including physics and chemistry, each with 100 points).

The written examination subjects for the second grade are biology and geography (100 points for each paper).

(2) Examination time

(3) Examination form

Continue to implement the "two-in-one" examination of junior high school academic level examination and senior high school entrance examination, and the examination results will be "multi-purpose" to avoid multiple examinations and effectively reduce the burden on students. Morality and rule of law, history and geography are subject to open-book examination, while other subjects are subject to closed-book examination. The papers and answers of written examination subjects are printed according to the standards of online marking.

Hearing-impaired students can be exempted from taking the English listening course. Hearing-impaired students whose hearing disability is identified as Grade 4 or above, that is, those whose pure-tone hearing test results at 500Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz show that the average hearing loss of each good ear is equal to or greater than 40 dB, can apply for exemption from English listening before the junior high school academic proficiency test. Hearing-impaired students who meet the requirements of exemption from English listening test may apply to the school for filing, and the school shall apply to the district/county (city) education examination center (recruitment office) for using hearing-aid equipment in the examination. County (city) education examination center (recruitment office) summarizes the school application form and reports it to the Municipal Education Examinations Institute, which places broadcasting equipment nearby according to the situation when arranging the examination room. The oral Chinese communication test and oral English test of students with speech disabilities are carried out according to the exemption plan of listening subjects.

(4) Presentation of results

The results of the third grade examination subjects and the second grade biology and geography examination subjects are presented in the form of scores.

According to the spirit of "Notice of the General Office of Changsha Municipal People’s Government on Adjusting Junior High School Academic Level Examination and School Enrollment in Senior High School", the total score of senior high school enrollment is 720 points, including 120 points in Chinese, Mathematics and English, 60 points in morality and rule of law, 60 points in history, 70 points in physics, 50 points in chemistry, 40 points in biology, 40 points in geography and 40 points in physical education senior high school entrance examination.

The English listening scores of hearing-impaired candidates who apply for exemption from listening are calculated according to the proportion of their English non-listening scores, and the calculation formula is: English listening scores of students who apply for exemption from listening=total score of English listening ××××× total score of non-listening parts.

2. Subject examination

According to the spirit of documents such as Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Education and Teaching and Improving the Quality of Compulsory Education in an All-round Way, Opinions on Strengthening and Improving the Physical Education in Schools in the New Era, Opinions on Strengthening the Labor Education in Schools in the New Era and Implementation Opinions on Strengthening and Improving the Experimental Teaching in Primary and Secondary Schools (Xiang Jiao Fa [2022] No.58), All subjects set in the National Experimental Program of Compulsory Education Curriculum are included in the scope of the junior high school level examination, and the examination is open to all students and all subjects, so as to guide students to study each course carefully, meet the qualification requirements and ensure the basic quality of junior high school education.

Further strengthen the implementation of school physical education, art and practice courses, strengthen the examination of music, art and experimental operation, and promote the all-round development of students’ morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. Subject examination includes art (music, fine arts), oral Chinese communication, oral English, experimental operation and comprehensive practical activities (including labor technology and information technology), etc. As an important basis for students’ comprehensive quality evaluation, the scores of various subjects are evaluated according to four grades: A, B, C and D. Among them, the scores of oral Chinese communication test and oral English test are one of the bases for evaluating the "academic level" dimension of comprehensive quality evaluation; The examination results of experimental operation (including physical experiment, chemical experiment and biological experiment), information technology examination and comprehensive practical activities are one of the bases for the comprehensive quality evaluation of "labor and social practice"; Art (music, fine arts) examination results are one of the basis for students’ comprehensive quality evaluation "artistic literacy" dimension evaluation; The usual performance in physical education, attendance and the compliance with the National Standards for Students’ Physical Health are one of the bases for the evaluation of students’ comprehensive quality "physical and mental health".

The experimental operation examination is carried out by combining the unified insertion of the whole city with the self-organized examination of the school; The oral Chinese communication test and the oral English test are conducted in a man-machine dialogue mode in accordance with the mode of "unified group test, relative concentration, and everyone must test". The examination of art (music, art) is carried out in the way of "unified examination, group examination in branch schools, and compulsory examination for everyone". The examination of information technology and comprehensive practical activities is organized by the school.

3. Performance management

The written examination of junior high school academic level and the examination results of subjects are managed by the education administrative department in a unified way. Junior high schools should introduce graduates’ academic performance and subject examination results into Changsha comprehensive quality evaluation system.

4. Proposition management

(1) Proposition principle

According to the curriculum standards of compulsory education, optimizing proposition orientation, paying attention to core literacy, highlighting the basic ideas and methods, highlighting the main knowledge and core competence, paying attention to the close combination of test materials and life practice, and paying attention to the comprehensive application of what they have learned to analyze and solve problems, so as to cultivate students’ scientific literacy and humanistic spirit, which is conducive to promoting students’ all-round development and lifelong development.

(2) Proposition requirements

Junior high school academic proficiency test emphasizes the basic knowledge and skills that must be mastered in compulsory education, strengthens the examination and guidance of students’ all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, optimizes the situational design, enhances the openness and flexibility of test questions, gives full play to the educational function and positive guiding role of propositions, and guides to reduce the phenomenon of rote memorization and "mechanical brushing". Appropriately reduce the difficulty of the exam, and it is strictly forbidden to exceed the standard proposition, and it is strictly forbidden to link with the content of the Olympic Games, so as not to make off-topic and strange questions, and not to increase the academic burden of students. Establish and constantly enrich the Changsha junior high school level examination proposition expert database composed of teaching and research personnel and key teachers, and the junior high school level examination proposition teachers are randomly selected from the expert database under the supervision of the discipline inspection and supervision team. All proposers must sign a letter of commitment of good faith and a confidentiality agreement on propositions, and further improve the working system of each link such as proposition, examination, writing and marking, so as to ensure the quality of examinations and prevent mistakes.

5. Examination management

The junior high school level examination is the responsibility of the Municipal Education Bureau, and is implemented by the Municipal Education Examinations Institute and the Municipal Academy of Educational Sciences. Policy formulation, work guidance, proposition principles, examination standards and content forms are led by the Basic Education Department. The examination paper proposition, marking standard and quality, examination paper evaluation and feedback are the responsibility of the Municipal Academy of Educational Sciences, and the Basic Education Department is in charge. The Municipal Education Examinations Institute is responsible for the management of proposition points, the printing of examination papers, the implementation of examinations, security and confidentiality, scanning and marking and other related examinations, and undertakes the coordination of examinations in districts and counties (cities).

(2) Comprehensive quality evaluation

Carry out the spirit of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council’s "Overall Plan for Deepening Education Evaluation Reform in the New Era", adhere to the "five educations" and the correct evaluation orientation, and promote students’ all-round and individual development.

1. Evaluation content

According to the "Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Further Promoting the Reform of the Examination Enrollment System in Senior High Schools" and "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Colleges, Middle Schools and Primary Schools in the New Era", the comprehensive quality evaluation of the whole city evaluates students in five dimensions: ideological and moral character, academic level, physical and mental health, artistic accomplishment, labor and social practice.

2. Evaluation and implementation

The Municipal Education Bureau has formulated the Implementation Measures for Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Junior Middle School Students in Changsha, including specific evaluation contents, evaluation methods, evaluation procedures, evaluation standards and relevant requirements, and organized sampling evaluation in a unified way to further strengthen the process management and result supervision of comprehensive quality evaluation. The school combines the reality, improves the index system, standardizes the evaluation process, timely guides the collection and selection of students’ process data, and records the development of students’ comprehensive quality in real time by using the online learning space and the comprehensive quality evaluation system. Combined with the sampling evaluation results of the whole city, the comprehensive quality evaluation grade of graduate students is determined through self-evaluation, mutual evaluation and teacher evaluation.

3. Use of results

The comprehensive quality evaluation results are presented in the form of four grades: A, B, C and D according to five dimensions, which is an important basis for junior high school graduation and high school enrollment. Those who falsify the empirical materials of comprehensive quality evaluation will be recorded in the integrity files of their junior high school graduates, and the results of comprehensive quality evaluation will be directly downgraded.

Third, graduation and further education

(1) Graduated from junior high school

1. Graduation criteria

This year’s junior high school graduates who have obtained the official status of our city will participate in the junior high school level examination in the city in a unified way, and will be granted graduation if they meet the following standards, and will be awarded the junior high school graduation certificate uniformly printed by the education administrative department:

(1) the total score of junior high school level examination subjects reaches 60% or above;

② All dimensions of comprehensive quality evaluation results reach C or above.

Step 2 make-up exam

Those who fail in the written examination of junior high school graduates can be organized by the graduation school to take a make-up exam, and the make-up exam results cannot be used as the basis for high school admission. For students whose comprehensive quality evaluation results do not reach Grade C, the school may arrange supplementary tests or enrich the evidence materials. Those who make-up exams meet the above graduation standards can be awarded junior high school graduation certificates.

(B) high school enrollment

1. Organize implementation

Schools in senior high schools are enrolled through a unified information platform, providing a fair, just and standardized enrollment environment for senior high schools, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of schools and candidates, and promoting the rational diversion of junior high school graduates and the coordinated development of senior high school education. The enrollment of senior high schools in urban areas is organized and implemented by the Zhaoban of the Municipal Education Bureau, and the enrollment of senior high schools in Changsha County, Liuyang City and Ningxiang City is organized and implemented by the education administrative departments of counties (cities) with reference to the relevant schemes of the Zhaoban of the Municipal Education Bureau.

2. Plan release

The enrollment plan for senior high schools in urban areas is issued by the Municipal Education Bureau, and the enrollment plans for senior high schools in Changsha County, Liuyang City and Ningxiang City are issued by the county (city) education bureaus. The enrollment plan should meet the overall requirements of the state for the separation of general and vocational education in senior high schools. The enrollment plans of general and vocational high schools are roughly the same, and the education administrative department should reasonably allocate no less than 60% of the high-quality high school enrollment places to junior high schools in the region.

3. Admission basis

The main basis for enrolling new students in senior high schools is: the comprehensive achievements of the candidates’ academic level, the evaluation level of comprehensive quality and the enjoyment of preferential policies.

When enrolling students in high schools, they should be selected according to the students’ volunteering and high school enrollment plans, and combined with the comprehensive scores and comprehensive quality evaluation of students’ junior high school level examinations. The specific admission rules are:

(1) The junior high school comprehensive quality evaluation grade was shortlisted.

(2) Compare the comprehensive scores of the junior high school level examination.

(3) When the comprehensive scores are the same, compare the comprehensive quality evaluation grade results.

4. Diversified enrollment policy

In addition to marking enrollment, ordinary senior high schools also implement diversified enrollment policies such as index students, special students and recommended students to promote the diversified and characteristic development of senior high schools.

(1) Indicator students: No less than 60% of the enrollment plans of high-quality ordinary high schools in the region will be allocated to junior high schools as indicator students’ plans, and they will be appropriately inclined to weak junior high schools and rural junior high schools to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. The admission of the index students shall be controlled by the minimum score line, and the students shall be selected according to the candidates’ voluntary branch schools.

(2) Special students: students with special talents are admitted according to the enrollment plan of special students issued by the administrative department of education within the scope of qualifications recognized by the administrative department of education and according to the standards within the scope of policies.

(3) Recommended students: When enrolling students in senior high schools, they are particularly excellent in general quality, but during the junior high school academic level examination, due to objective reasons such as sudden illness or accidents, the junior high school graduates failed to complete the academic level examination normally or made obvious mistakes in their grades. According to the recommendation letters submitted by at least two senior teachers in the junior high school where the students are located and the verification, they can be admitted by the enrollment school in an exceptional manner within the scope approved by the education administrative department.

Vocational colleges (including five-year vocational colleges, vocational colleges, urban secondary vocational schools and technical colleges) have special requirements for candidates’ professional quality according to their professional development and job requirements. After approval by the Municipal Education Bureau, they can make an announcement, conduct relevant interviews, physical examinations or technical tests before enrollment, enter student files, and may not organize cultural examinations separately. The results of interview, physical examination or technical test are included in the enrollment basis of vocational colleges together with the results of junior high school academic level examination and comprehensive quality evaluation.

5. Standardize preferential treatment plus points.

According to the relevant requirements of the Ministry of Education to standardize bonus points, students’ relevant specialties and outstanding performances are included in the evaluation of students’ comprehensive quality, the preferential bonus points for high school enrollment are reduced and standardized, the bonus points are strictly controlled, and the publicity system for candidates’ bonus qualification examination is improved.

According to the relevant policies and regulations, the following preferential policies are reserved (if there are multiple preferential treatments at the same time, the highest preferential treatment will be taken without double counting):

(1) Children of martyrs;

(2) Sacrificing children of military personnel, children of disabled soldiers from Grade 1 to Grade 4, and children of active military personnel in the line of duty;

(3) Sacrificing the children of the people’s police, the children of the first-class to second-class heroes of the people’s police, and the children of the first-class to fourth-class disabled people’s police;

(4) Returned overseas Chinese, children of returned overseas Chinese (excluding children of their relatives), children of overseas Chinese, and candidates from Taiwan Province Province;

(5) minority candidates;

(6) children of high-level talents who meet the policy.

Among them, (1)(2) Children of martyrs and military personnel shall be implemented in accordance with the preferential treatment measures for the education of military personnel’s children jointly formulated by the Municipal Garrison and the Municipal Education Bureau; (3) The children of the people’s police who died in the line of duty, the children of the first-class to second-class heroes of the people’s police, and the children of the first-class to fourth-class disabled people’s police in the line of duty shall be given preferential treatment with reference to the children of military personnel; (4)(5) Returned overseas Chinese, children of returned overseas Chinese (excluding children of overseas Chinese relatives), children of overseas Chinese, candidates from Taiwan Province Province and ethnic minority candidates plus 5 points to participate in the admission; (6) Children of high-level talents shall be executed in accordance with the Notice of Changsha Municipal People’s Government of Changsha Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China on Printing and Distributing Several Measures for Building a Highland for Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents in Changsha (Chang Fa [2017] No.10) and the Notice on Printing and Distributing Several Policies for Creating a National Platform for Attracting and Gathering Talents in Changsha (for Trial Implementation) (Chang Fa [2022] No.12).

Fourth, safeguard measures

The junior high school academic level examination and senior high school enrollment work must be open, fair and just by standardizing procedures and system innovation. The education administrative departments at the city and district/county (city) levels must establish strict publicity, honesty, supervision and accountability systems, put an end to enrollment corruption, and comprehensively promote sunshine enrollment.

(A) publicity system

Publicize the junior high school level examination and high school enrollment work plan to the public in advance, including the contents, methods, procedures and evaluation results of junior high school graduates’ comprehensive quality evaluation, high school enrollment methods and eligible preferential treatment targets. Accept social supervision through publicity.

(B) the integrity system

Strengthen integrity education, improve the integrity mechanism of academic evaluation, comprehensive quality evaluation and high school enrollment of junior high school graduates, and deal with those who provide false certificates or falsify empirical materials for comprehensive quality evaluation in violation of the principle of integrity. For the relevant personnel involved in the proposition, marking, comprehensive quality evaluation and enrollment, sign a credit agreement and establish a credit file; At the same time, reward and punishment measures are taken to supervise and urge to fulfill the responsibility and obligation of good faith.

(3) Supervision system

City, county (city) education administrative departments and discipline inspection and supervision organs shall supervise academic evaluation, comprehensive quality evaluation and high school enrollment, and implement the accountability system. Adhere to the principles of openness, fairness and justice, and disclose the nature of the school, the scale of running a school, the source of funds, enrollment plans, enrollment conditions, enrollment scope, enrollment time and enrollment methods to the public. Students, parents, teachers and other members of the public can report or complain to the school and the higher education administrative department about the phenomena and behaviors that violate the principles of openness, fairness and justice in academic evaluation, comprehensive quality evaluation and ordinary high school enrollment. The Municipal Education Bureau has set up a reporting telephone number: 0731-84899756, 0731-84899710, 0731-84899715, and 0731-84899713. Announce the website of accepting reports online as: http://fuwu.csedu.gov.cn/webgroup/cssjyj/complainform.html, and accept social supervision.

(D) accountability system

The Municipal Education Bureau and the district/county (city) education administrative departments monitor the academic evaluation, comprehensive quality evaluation and high school enrollment of junior high school graduates. Strictly follow the principles of "territorial management" and "who is in charge and who is responsible", strengthen the "number one" responsibility system, and incorporate the enrollment work into the performance appraisal of districts, counties (cities) and schools. The principal and the secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection are both the first responsible persons. If there is any violation, after investigation, depending on the seriousness of the case, the principal leaders of the school, the secretary of the Commission for Discipline Inspection, the leaders in charge and the person directly responsible will be given informed criticism and personal year-end assessment until administrative responsibility is investigated. Schools were given rectification within a time limit, informed criticism, cancellation of Pingyoupingxian qualification and year-end assessment.

V. Other matters

(1) The education administrative departments of Changsha County, Liuyang City and Ningxiang City shall formulate specific implementation measures according to this plan and local conditions, and implement them after being approved by the Municipal Education Bureau.

(2) The Changsha Municipal Education Bureau is responsible for the interpretation of this scheme.

(3) This scheme shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Where the provisions of previous documents are inconsistent with this scheme, it shall be implemented in accordance with this scheme, with a validity period of one year.

Policy efforts to boost the confidence of business entities

  On July 24th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting to analyze and study the current economic situation and plan the economic work in the second half of the year. The meeting pointed out that "we should make good use of policy space, find the right direction of development, and solidly promote high-quality economic development" and "we should continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, continue, optimize, improve and implement the tax reduction and fee reduction policy, give play to the role of aggregate and structural monetary policy tools, and vigorously support scientific and technological innovation, the real economy and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises."

  Since the beginning of this year, various regions and departments have successively introduced policies and measures to support the development of the majority of business entities. With the gradual implementation of the policy, the burden on enterprises has been further reduced, the development confidence has become more sufficient, and the development vitality has been enhanced. In the first half of the year, the country added 927.9 billion yuan in tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund deferral; Small and medium-sized enterprises benefited the most, with 576.6 billion yuan of new tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund deferral, accounting for about 62%.

  Solve difficult problems, reduce burdens, and help enterprises climb the slopes.

  Since the beginning of this year, macroeconomic policies have remained continuous, stable and targeted, and coordination and cooperation of various policies have been strengthened; All localities actively innovate the means and methods of assistance, improve the effectiveness of policy implementation, help enterprises ease the pressure of operation, enhance the confidence to tide over difficulties and expand production, and achieve recovery and development.

  — — Give full play to the dual functions of monetary policy tools in aggregate and structure, and provide credit support for enterprises.

  "The tea garden has the right to help enterprises get through financing, and our spring tea has achieved both production and sales." Wang Genhai, head of fuding city Haiyun Zhenpin Tea Industry Co., Ltd., said.

  "It is difficult to confirm the right, which is the financing blocking point of agriculture-related enterprises. Fuding city actively carries out the registration of production factors such as mountains, tea gardens, orchards and factories. On this basis, financial institutions tailor credit products according to the actual needs of enterprises with special agricultural products to promote agriculture-related enterprises ‘ Changing resources into assets and assets into funds ’ 。” The relevant person in charge of the Fujian Supervision Bureau of the State Financial Supervision Administration said.

  Structural monetary policy tools "focus on key points, be reasonable and moderate, advance and retreat", and continue to increase support for key areas and weak links of the national economy such as inclusive finance and scientific and technological innovation. At the end of June, the balance of Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans increased by 26.1% year-on-year, 14.8 percentage points higher than the growth rate of various loans; In the first half of the year, the weighted average interest rate of new corporate loans was 3.96%, 25 basis points lower than the same period of the previous year.

  In the first half of the year, the People’s Bank of China lowered the RRR by 0.25 percentage point, releasing long-term liquidity, enhancing the stability and sustainability of total credit growth, and effectively serving the real economy. RMB loans increased by 15.73 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.02 trillion yuan over the same period of last year.

  Funds are guaranteed to help the majority of business entities grow up.

  — — The tax and fee support policies are combined with institutional arrangements and phased measures to reduce the tax and fee burden for enterprises.

  "Since last year, one tax reduction and fee reduction policy after another has helped us tide over the difficulties." Huang Fei, chairman of Hometown Edge Catering Co., Ltd. in Qiyang City, Hunan Province, said, "In the first half of this year, the policy continued to be optimized. By the end of June, we had enjoyed 97,000 yuan tax reduction and exemption, the funds for purchasing raw materials were guaranteed, and the money for increasing the open-air dining area and attracting new customers was also settled. "

  Continue and optimize the income tax policies of small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households; Reduce the VAT rate of small-scale taxpayers to 1%; Small-scale taxpayers with monthly sales of 100,000 yuan or less are exempted from value-added tax … … The finance and taxation departments have issued a series of preferential tax policies that continue to be optimized and innovated. Small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households have a heavy tax package.

  — — Return subsidies, supply and demand docking and other measures simultaneously to enhance the ability of enterprises to stabilize their posts and expand their posts.

  Focusing on the new situation and characteristics of employment and entrepreneurship, various regions and departments have implemented a series of policies and measures to enhance the ability of enterprises to stabilize and expand their posts. Inner Mongolia continues to accurately distribute the stable post return funds directly to eligible enterprises through the "free application and instant enjoyment" model; Heilongjiang provides employment service commissioners for enterprises with strong employment-driven ability, and provides a package of support measures such as employment and training; In Guangdong, high-speed railway station is also a "employment station", which realizes the rapid docking between supply and demand of "recruitment when leaving the gate" and "post selection when arriving at the station" … …

  In the first quarter, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments jointly launched Spring Breeze Action and Employment Assistance Month, and held a total of 58,000 recruitment activities; Solidly carry out vocational skills training, issue more than 2.61 million vocational training vouchers, and carry out subsidized vocational skills training for 3.5 million people nationwide.

  "Various policies to help enterprises and benefit enterprises have maintained continuity and stability, enhanced accuracy and pertinence, and helped enterprises to ease operational pressure, tide over difficulties, expand production and achieve recovery and development." Ceng Gang, director of Shanghai Finance and Development Laboratory, said.

  Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main body of private enterprises. The data shows that since the beginning of this year, the development of private enterprises in China has recovered, showing strong resilience and vitality. In the first five months, 3.764 million private enterprises were newly established, a year-on-year increase of 17.2%, 6.5 percentage points faster than the growth rate in the first quarter. By the end of May, there were 86.92 million tax-related business entities nationwide, up 7.5% year-on-year.

  "The recently released Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy proposes to formulate and implement various support policies accurately, respond to concerns and interests in a timely manner, and effectively solve practical difficulties. This is a great encouragement to us, inspiring us to continue to work hard and making us more confident in the future of private enterprises. " Wang Genhai said.

  Increase kinetic energy and vitality, and save stamina for long-term development

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection tour in Jiangsu: "It is necessary to strengthen the dominant position of scientific and technological innovation of enterprises, promote the gathering of innovative elements to enterprises, and constantly improve the level of transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements."

  All regions and departments focus on long-term development, and the policy of benefiting enterprises focuses on stimulating the greater potential of various business entities, providing strong support for promoting sustainable economic growth.

  — — Encourage R&D investment and help enterprises to shape new development momentum with technological innovation.

  Fujian Xiamen Tuobao Technology Co., Ltd. is a state-level specialized and special new enterprise focusing on the intelligent overall solution of independent power supply system. In the first half of the year, the company signed a large order, but faced with a large funding gap. China Merchants Bank Xiamen Branch used the re-lending policy of scientific and technological innovation to provide enterprises with special credit support of 30 million yuan in time to help enterprises better apply their innovations.

  By the end of June, the loan balance of specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises nationwide was 2.72 trillion yuan, an increase of 459.8 billion yuan over the same period of last year, maintaining a growth rate of more than 20% for 14 consecutive months; The loan balance of technology-based SMEs was 2.36 trillion yuan, an increase of 472.7 billion yuan over the same period of last year, with a growth rate of 25.1%.

  Implement tax incentives and financial incentives to support scientific and technological innovation, establish a normalized working mechanism for financial support enterprises’ scientific and technological innovation system, and improve the mechanism of Industry-University-Research’s achievements docking and industrialization … … The departments of finance, taxation, finance, science and technology should deepen cooperation, unite policy efforts, guide enterprises to increase investment in R&D, enhance their scientific and technological innovation capabilities, and "squat and accumulate strength" for long-term development.

  — — Guide development expectations and encourage private enterprises to show their talents in the field of "four new economies".

  During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress this year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to stimulate the vitality of private capital investment, encourage and attract more private capital to participate in the construction of major national projects and key industrial chain supply chain projects, and make greater contributions to building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development.

  Beijing launched the first batch of public promotion projects to private capital, with a total of 149 projects to be promoted, with a total investment of 130.8 billion yuan; Shaanxi will upgrade the non-governmental investment projects included in the list of key projects at the city and county levels in terms of land use and environmental assessment … … Since the beginning of this year, all localities have provided strong guarantees, excellent services and implemented them, creating a good environment for all kinds of business entities to invest and start businesses and stimulating their internal vitality. A large number of private enterprises are striving for the first place in the "four new economies" with new technologies, new industries, new formats and new models, and the development momentum is good. By the end of May, there were more than 25 million private enterprises in China’s "four new economies". In the first five months, 2.15 million private enterprises in the "four new economies" were newly established, accounting for 57.1% of the newly established private enterprises.

  — — Consolidate infrastructure, promote enterprises to "cluster" and create new development advantages.

  In recent days, in Luojiang Economic Development Zone, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, the newly-built high-standard industrial sewage treatment plant is undergoing the overall commissioning of water inflow, and is ready to be put into operation formally to better meet the sewage treatment needs of high-end manufacturing enterprises. Zhou Xiaolin, director of the Management Committee of Luojiang Economic Development Zone, said that in view of the characteristics of the advanced materials industry, the local government is actively supporting the construction of modern factories and optimizing public services. "Today, high-performance fiber and composite materials, polymer materials and photoelectric materials enterprises ‘ In droves ’ Come and settle down, aggregate the industrial ecology and enlarge the competitive advantage. "

  Guangxi actively promotes the construction of intelligent transportation and promotes the landing of new digital, networked and intelligent transportation infrastructure; Tianjin focuses on building 5G base stations to promote industrial digitalization and digital industrialization … … The construction of new infrastructure will be accelerated, which will promote the deep integration of digital economy with advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, and help modern industrial clusters and digital industrial parks in various places to flourish.

  "Strengthening infrastructure construction is conducive to building a foundation for high-quality development and providing a broader growth space for various business entities." Shao Yu, chief economist of orient securities, said.

  Stabilize expectations, provide excellent service, and plant fertile soil for the growth of business entities.

  The the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting held on April 28th pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the "Two Unswervings", remove the legal and regulatory obstacles and hidden barriers that affect the fair competition and common development of enterprises of all types, continuously boost the confidence of business entities and help enterprises recover.

  The business environment is not the best, only better. The tax authorities use tax big data to accurately match the needs of taxpayers. This year, 229 million preferential tax and fee policies have been accurately pushed; The market supervision department strengthens intelligent supervision, establishes a full electronic business license database, actively expands application scenarios, and greatly saves manpower, paperwork and time costs & HELIP; … Since the beginning of this year, all localities and departments have further promoted the reform of key areas of the business environment, promoted the quality and efficiency of government services, and planted fertile ground for the growth and growth of business entities.

  — — Excellent process, speed, decompression and loosening for enterprises.

  "Our business involves many fields. Since the Electronic Taxation Bureau realized the comprehensive declaration of multiple taxes, it can complete the declaration and tax payment of related taxes in one interface, which not only saves time, improves work efficiency, but also reduces the cost of human resources." Song Chuqiao, deputy director of the Financial Management Center of Beijing Shougang Construction Investment Co., Ltd. said.

  Smooth the domestic and international double circulation, and actively unblock and connect the breakpoints. Carry out "multi-tax integration" comprehensive declaration, streamline enterprise registration documents and materials, and a series of specific measures to optimize the business environment are targeted, so that enterprises can let go of their hands and feet for development; We have expanded the pilot scope of facilitation measures such as "direct delivery by ship", "direct loading in Hong Kong" and "joint loading and unloading". Export tax rebates have been accelerated again and again, supporting policies and services have been continuously improved, and enterprises have more confidence in exploring overseas markets.

  — — Zero distance, non-contact, government service is smarter.

  Information "runs the road" instead of taxpayers "running errands". By the end of June, the country had handled more than 270,000 cross-provincial electronic tax payments, and the tax payment exceeded 38 billion yuan, exceeding 85% of the annual business volume and 65% of the tax payment in 2022 respectively; A total of 197 commercial banks launched cross-provincial and off-site electronic tax payment services, an increase of 43 over 2022; There are 180 commercial banks that support real-time tax deduction and bank-side tax payment inquiry, accounting for more than 90%.

  Qingdao, Shandong Province provides enterprises with a variety of personalized examination and approval service modes, such as "doing it offline once", "doing it online all the time" and "doing it near the door". An integrated government service platform was built and put into operation in Xi ‘an, Shaanxi, and the government service system at the national, provincial and municipal levels was opened. Guangdong and Guangzhou speed up the improvement of the digital enterprise service platform, allowing enterprises to choose their own "packages", and one application can handle multiple matters … … All localities actively explore, focus on the needs and expectations of business entities, and provide accurate, convenient and intelligent services for enterprises by digital means.

  Li Xuhong, a professor at Beijing National Accounting Institute, believes that to persist in focusing on the real economy, we must be steady and down-to-earth, and we must be brave enough to open up new fields and new tracks and cultivate new competitive advantages. In the second half of the year, we should continue to implement various policies that have been promulgated, at the same time actively promote policy optimization and deepening reform, combine the effectiveness of policies with the vitality of business entities, and promote the effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of the economy.

Digging deep into Netease Yunyin song recommendation algorithm: How to make birds of a feather flock together?

There are various detailed explanations about the personalized recommendation algorithm of Netease Cloud Music on the Internet, but the official has never appeared! In order to solve users’ curiosity about the algorithm behind the daily recommended song list, we broke into the product and technology department of Netease Cloud Music Headquarters, held technical experts hostage, and spit out all our doubts.


This article is transferred from: The Power of Machines | Utoda

Old irons, do you know what day it is today?

Knowing that we should say happy holidays, we can’t forget to wait for the singles assigned by the state in the cold kennel.(as if I wasn’t talking about myself).

This morning, when I found that the dog food scattered by my circle of friends had been enough for one year, I still turned on Netease Cloud Music, trying to find the same kind in the lively comment area: another group of single dog people.

Unexpectedly, in addition to a "special interview for the first year of singles", the first song recommended to me every day turned out to be:

The Best Day of My LifeBest day of my life.

……

Well, the lyrics "I won’t give up on myself, don’t wake me up, this is the best day of my life", which makes me seriously doubt that the personality recommendation of Netease Cloud Music has penetrated the normal life of all single dog users:

"Don’t always stay in the comment area, please find your own happiness before coming next year. Otherwise, as soon as the Year of the Dog is over, your title will become’ single pig’. "

Happy Valentine’s Day and Happy Year of the Dog.

On the Zhihu, two questions, "What is the song list recommendation algorithm of Netease Cloud Music" and "What’s good about Netease Cloud Music", occupy the third and eighth place in the hot topic of Netease Cloud Music respectively.

To a large extent, the first question has made the second question.

Perhaps Netease Cloud Music has a variety of reasons for its one-sided praise on Zhihu.Some people say that they have hired a large number of water forces. If so, it should be a heavy investment. I won’t tell you that the communities of the two platforms overlap greatly)However, the quality of the song list is hard, and the personality recommendation is relatively accurate compared with the domestic competing products, which is one of the key reasons for some users to develop into Netease Cloud Music diehard fans.

And, the first question can also explain why you will see a lot of comments such as "Japanese push first", "Japanese push second" and "Japanese push +FM simultaneous recommendation" in the comment area of many songs.

However, it is not very appropriate for some people to compare Netease Cloud Music to "a paradise for independent and minority music lovers". Re-exposing those songs that have been ignored by the public to your eyes is often the role of technology behind the scenes.

Just like you downloaded a song from Jay Chou today, will the system push you another popular song with a similar style in Jay Chou the next day, or push an unpopular song with a similar style, which will make you feel more novel?

There is some truth in this answer.

However, it is a bit surprising. Netease Cloud Music has never officially disclosed its recommendation algorithm and product application details. But this does not prevent the public from being interested in the process of integrating their technology and products.

Therefore, the algorithm model and AI application in Netease Cloud Music have basically been ripped apart by Zhihu users.

You can find a great answer and speculation in the Zhihu topic "What is the song list recommendation algorithm of Netease Cloud Music?"(The high praise answer in it is not too clear than the media reports, and it is easy to understand.).

The reason why we want to visit Xu Jia, a data mining engineer and product manager of Netease Cloud Music, is not so much to uncover the secret of the algorithm as to verify it before.(including on the Internet)All kinds of guesses, as well as help users answer the doubts arising from the use of Netease cloud music.

Basic algorithm: people are divided into groups

In fact, the personalized recommendation algorithm of Netease Cloud Music is similar to the basic recommendation algorithm applied in today’s headlines, station B and many O2O e-commerce platforms. This has been certified by the Xu family, which is the kind of basic algorithm we are familiar with:

This algorithm is attributed to the invention of Amazon engineers-if a customer buys this thing, he may also buy another thing.

Simply put,The prediction standard of this algorithm depends on the similar consumption patterns between people.For example, I like these two songs, and they are also in your song list, so there may be other songs I like in your song list.

The above statement is only easy to understand.In fact, collaborative filtering algorithms should be divided into two categories: user-based and project-based (single).

1. Based on users:I have a high similarity with Xiao Ming’s collection of songs, so on the basis of judging that our tastes are similar, I can recommend Xiao Ming the singles in my collection that she hasn’t collected.

Image source: data mining workers

2, based on the project (single):That is, the user’s preference for a song is used as a vector to calculate the similarity between singles. After comparing the similarity, we recommend a single to another user according to this user’s historical preference.

For example, Xiao Xin downloaded two singles, Courage and Little Love Song, while Xiao Yi downloaded Courage, Darkness and Little Love Song, while Xiao Yi downloaded Courage …

According to the historical preferences of these users, Netease Cloud Music can judge that Courage is similar to Little Love Song, and those who like Courage may also like Little Love Song, so they can recommend Little Love Song to Xiaoyi.

Image source: data mining workers

In short, if you still find it difficult to understand the algorithm of "collaborative filtering", you can just remember one word: people are divided into groups.

It’s a crooked building here: it is this recommendation model, which is essentially based on the similarity of users’ preferences, that invisibly makes users form a community of "chatting with each other" while listening to music.

Therefore, Shen Bowen did not regard "it may develop into the largest dating website in China in the future" as a nonsense joke. Instead, I think that this social trend based on music preferences is more reliable than the current dating platform:

Curiosity Daily has done a survey before. What are the main reference standards for human beings to find their soul mates? -it’s music taste.

"Birds of a feather flock together" under the neural network model

It can be seen that this recommendation algorithm is absolutely indispensable to the support of user historical data. Collaborative filtering algorithm is very powerful when the amount of data is huge and clean enough.

On the other hand, if I am a new user, or I use Netease Cloud Music very infrequently. In other words, in the case of scarce data, how can Netease Cloud Music know my taste?

This cold start problem means the inevitability of cross-use of different algorithm models. Perhaps the following second category of algorithms can eliminate this obstacle to some extent.


  • Content-based recommendation algorithm.

This is a recommendation method that focuses on distinguishing the essence of single content, and it is regarded as "birds of a feather flock together".

Sander Dieleman, one of the founders of Spotify content recommendation model, a world-famous music streaming platform.(now a DeepMind research scientist)In a blog post titled "The Application of Convolutional Neural Network in Music Recommendation", I specifically explained the errors when using a single collaborative filtering algorithm:

1. Because this algorithm not only includes the information of users and consumption patterns,There is no information about the recommended single itself. Therefore, popular music is easier to be recommended than unpopular music because the former has more data. And this kind of recommendation is often hard to surprise.

2. Based on collaborative filtering of items (single songs),There is also a problem, that is, the content heterogeneity under similar usage patterns.

For example, if you listen to all the songs in a new album, but except the title song, other episodes, covers and remixes may not be typical works of singers, then collaborative filtering will be biased because of these "noises" at this time.

of course,Its biggest problem is that "without data, everything is invalid".

Therefore, the content-based recommendation algorithm is more like a supplement to the above shortcomings of collaborative filtering algorithm-if there is not a lot of user data, or if we want to listen to unpopular songs, we can only find the answer from the music itself.

Two experts, Xu Jia and Shen Bowen, made it clear that Netease Cloud Music adopted a complex content-based algorithm to solve these problems. But unfortunately, the two did not explain the specific details too much.

Therefore,According to our guess, they should use the same method as streaming media platforms such as Spotify and Youtube-using deep learning to build audio-based recommendation models..

First of all, if you want to compare the content differences between singles, there are too many dimensions, such as artist and album information, lyrics, melody and rhythm of music itself, boasting in the comment area, VIP downloading songs, paying or not, and so on.

As you can imagine, this is a huge amount of calculation. But calculating the total amount of violence is a method …

Therefore, so many features should be mapped into the low-dimensional hidden variable space by feature embedding and dimensionality reduction methods.(Like the picture below).

It is conceivable that in this space, each song can have a coordinate, and the coordinate value is multiple coded information including audio characteristics and user preferences.

Then, if we directly predict the exact position of a song in this low-dimensional space, it will also clarify the representation of this song.(including user preference information).

In this way, it can be recommended to the right audience without historical usage data.

Therefore, it is a way that many streaming media are taking to master the hidden characteristics mapped from a large number of song data sources and user behavior data, and then establish a neural network prediction model based on audio characteristics and train the network with short audio clips. (The specific method can be to look through Sander Dieleman’s paper. If you know this, tell us a lesson! )

Of course, in the process of training the network, engineers will still pass the "discard"(Dropout)And other methods to reduce the standard deviation between the hidden representation of filtering model and audio prediction.(Don’t let the data set be too discrete)And this is mainly to reduce the influence of song popularity on the recommendation system.

That’s right, that’s why you can receive more minority song recommendations.

Of course, any of the above algorithms will actually be based on a certain "similarity".

For example, Netease Cloud Music also applies the machine learning ranking model, which is still based on user behavior data and similarity.(It is also a very common model).

Reflected in the application, in popular terms, the first song in your "Daily Recommended" song list is usually the one that the system thinks matches your preferences the most. "Many people often shout’ Day Push First’ in the comment area, and its significance is still quite great."

In Zhihu, there is a recommendation model "Potential Factor Matrix" mentioned by Big V, but Xu Jiaze thinks it is out of date, and few people use it now.


Calculation method-how do we calculate the similarity of our song list?

According to the Xu family, Netease Cloud Music mainly uses two measurement methods:

Euclidean distance and cosine similarity.

The blog of a technical expert in CDSN has explained the difference between them very clearly.(below)

From the CDSN technology blog named Ying.

The former is regarded as two points in the coordinate system to calculate the distance between the two points.

For example, when data A and B in the above figure are regarded as points in the coordinate diagram, their similarity is the absolute distance dist between two points.(A,B).

The latter is regarded as two vectors in the coordinate system to calculate the included angle between the two vectors.

For example, cosθ in the figure, the smaller the included angle, the higher the similarity.

You will find that, still on this picture, if the position of B remains unchanged and the position of point A continues to extend in the opposite direction of the line from A to the origin, the cosine angle between A and B will remain unchanged forever, but the absolute distance between the two points has changed.

This difference makes them need to be used in different data analysis models.

Xu explained that Euclidean distance, which can highlight the absolute difference of numerical values, is often used in calculating the similarity of songs themselves.

For example, 10,000 people like A songs and 20,000 people like B songs. Because the sample size is large enough, all users’ preferences for songs can be regarded as the same intensity, then the European distance can be directly used to calculate.

Under the European distance, users’ preferences for songs can all be considered as the same score, which can simplify the calculation of song similarity.

The cosine similarity is more about distinguishing differences from the user’s preference direction.

For example, Netease Cloud Music can use this method to rate content through users.(There are different scoring weights such as download, collection, search and uninterested)To distinguish the similarity of users’ interests.

In short, combining the above algorithms and calculation methods, Netease Cloud Music’s personality recommendation has a good reputation among the public.

But this kind of "not bad", if it can be achieved only by technology, I am afraid that Amazon’s business in China will not be so bad(I’m actually voicing its interface).

Frankly speaking, even the best algorithm has its shortcomings.

For all music products, the score of user experience is composed of editing and project collaboration, interface design preferences, music copyright richness, music preference prediction, technical ability and problem feedback speed.

This is why some people are crazy about calling for the recommended song list of Netease Cloud Music, and many people say that "people who listen to miscellaneous songs may be really tired of using Netease Cloud Music".

For example, you are a loyal fan of European and American music circles, but you have downloaded a Chinese song occasionally recently.

Then I can be sure that there will be a Chinese song in your recommended song list the next day. Next, I can only be "uninterested" in the Chinese songs that appear in the song list.

The recommendation algorithm sets the weight based on different users’ behaviors, with "download" being the highest, followed by collection, search and sharing. In addition, you can also click "not interested", which may avoid such songs.

In addition to algorithm recommendation, to a great extent, a streaming media platform will also assume the responsibility of manual filtering, establish manual rules from the perspective of products and operations, and filter out unqualified options.

Shen Bowen told us that they don’t just rely on the algorithm, but hope to compensate some shortcomings of the algorithm through some artificial power.

Therefore, in addition to a separate algorithm team, Netease Cloud Music also has a strong editorial team.

On the one hand,They help to do a layer of screening on the recommended content at the beginning, find out those high-quality content, and ensure the health of the whole recommendation library.

On the other hand,They also need to solve some convergence problems of the algorithm.

"Because if we rely solely on algorithm recommendation, we may be slow to respond to some new content, and we will also use some manual editing methods. To find out some content that we may think is very high quality, and then recommend it to everyone, "Shen Bowen said.

In addition, even if the customer service system relies on AI technology to a certain extent, the "artificial feedback group" composed of Netease Cloud Music customer service department and technical department is an important reason for users to have a good impression on Netease Cloud Music.

Many "second-back" technical solutions have also been dubbed by users as "the original Xiaobian of Netease Cloud Music is really alive".

In the early stage of platform development, when the data volume can’t meet the requirement of establishing recommendation algorithm model, as an Internet author named Shaq in Zhihu described:

The reason why you can get the high-force recommendation is probably that it first came from a song list recommended by a professional editor named "High-force Small Fresh".

They effectively guided users with similar interests to discover these music. Most people who have similar tastes with you have heard them and felt good. After fancy’s algorithm, they "precipitated" and "fermented", and then produced a good similarity, thus generating such an excellent recommendation and pushing it to you.

Finally, everyone was "amazing" and more new users joined, Perfect.

National Bureau of Statistics: The fundamentals of China’s long-term economic improvement have not changed

  On the morning of July 17th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference to introduce the national economy in the first half of 2023 and answer questions from reporters.

  Fu Linghui, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that in the first half of this year, the overall economic recovery in China improved, and the overall economic operation showed a good trend of recovery. With the economy and society fully returning to normal operation, the main indicators have generally improved, new kinetic energy has grown stronger, the quality of development has steadily improved, and people’s lives have continued to improve, laying a solid foundation for achieving the expected goals of economic and social development throughout the year.

  From the next stage, although the external environment is becoming more complicated and severe, and the domestic economic development is also under pressure, the fundamentals of China’s long-term economic improvement have not changed, and the characteristics of strong resilience, great potential and full vitality have not changed, and the conditions for supporting high-quality development have not changed. With the accumulation of positive factors promoting development, the economy is expected to continue to recover.

  First, the pull of consumption continues to increase. Since the beginning of this year, all aspects have actively resumed and expanded consumption, and the consumption potential has been gradually released, which has significantly enhanced the impetus to economic growth and played an important role in promoting economic recovery. In the first half of the year, the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure growth to economic growth reached 77.2%, which was significantly higher than that of last year. In the next stage, the employment situation will continue to improve, and residents’ income will continue to increase, which will help to promote residents’ consumption ability and willingness. At the same time, promoting the sales of new energy vehicles and green smart home appliances will be effective, which will help to expand consumption and promote economic recovery.

  Second, the service industry is developing well. With the full recovery of normal operation of the economy and society, the growth of the service industry has obviously accelerated, especially the contact service industries such as wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, and transportation have rebounded significantly, contributing to economic growth. The contribution rate of service industry growth to economic growth in the first half of the year exceeded 60%. In the next stage, the consumer demand for services such as cultural tourism, fitness and sports will be released faster, and the productive demand for R&D, design and business exhibitions will increase, which will drive the service industry to maintain rapid growth and help the economy run stably. Judging from the business activity index of service industry, the business activity index of service industry was 52.8% in June, which was in the boom zone for six consecutive months.

  Third, new kinetic energy has developed and grown. China has deeply implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and strengthened its strategic scientific and technological strength. Modern information technology, artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies are widely used, and innovative achievements are constantly emerging, and new industries and new products are growing well. Since the beginning of this year, the domestic large aircraft C919 has completed its first commercial flight, the world’s first 16 MW offshore wind turbine has been hoisted, and scientific and technological innovation has continued to empower high-quality development. We should also see that the consumption growth of smart products has also continued to increase, which has also driven the growth of related manufacturing industries. In the first half of the year, the added value of smart consumer equipment manufacturing industry increased by 12% year-on-year. At the same time, around the project of overcoming the "bottleneck", the manufacturing industry of semiconductor-related industries grew rapidly in the first half of the year, and the added value of the manufacturing industry of special equipment for semiconductor devices increased by 30.9%. In terms of products, some new materials and intelligent products grew rapidly. In the first half of the year, the output of aerospace aluminum, industrial control computers and systems increased by 23.3% and 34.1% respectively. The continuous enhancement of innovation kinetic energy in the next stage will inject new impetus into economic development.

  Fourth, the effectiveness of green transformation has emerged. The pace of green energy development has been accelerated, green production and lifestyle have been accelerated, and the synergistic development effect of green transformation and economic growth has been constantly emerging. In the first half of the year, the output of new energy products such as new energy vehicles, solar cells and charging piles increased by 35%, 54.5% and 53.1% respectively, and the export of "new three products" represented by lithium batteries, solar cells and electric manned vehicles increased by 61.6%. In the next stage, green development is full of kinetic energy, which will help the transformation of kinetic energy of economic growth while promoting the quality improvement of economic development.

  Generally speaking, since the beginning of this year, China’s economy has gradually got rid of the impact of the epidemic and returned to the normal operation track, showing a good recovery trend. From the perspective of the whole year, despite the pressure and challenges, with the improvement of employment, the increase of residents’ income, the gradual strengthening of domestic demand, the optimization and adjustment of supply structure, and the growth of new kinetic energy, the economy will recover steadily and the quality of development will continue to improve. Therefore, we are fully confident, qualified and capable of accomplishing the expected goals and tasks of economic and social development throughout the year.

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: In the past year, agricultural and rural development has achieved more than expected results.

  CCTV News:On January 18th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference to introduce the operation of agriculture and rural economy in 2022 and answer questions from reporters.

  Zeng Yande, chief agronomist of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and director of the Development Planning Department, briefly reported the operation of the agricultural and rural economy in 2022.

  2022 is an extraordinary year. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the National Rural Revitalization Bureau conscientiously implemented the spirit of the important speech and instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, effectively responded to the epidemic situation and serious natural disasters in COVID-19, went all out to ensure supply, overcome difficulties and keep the bottom line, made concerted efforts to promote revitalization, and fully completed the annual goals and tasks, providing a solid foundation and strong support for the overall stability of the economy and society.

  First, grain production has achieved another bumper harvest, and the supply security foundation has remained stable. Grain output reached a record high. The sown area of grain was 1.775 billion mu, an increase of 10.52 million mu over the previous year, and the output was 1,373.1 billion Jin, an increase of 7.4 billion Jin, which remained above 1.3 trillion Jin for eight consecutive years. The effect of soybean oil seed expansion is obvious. The soybean area was 154 million mu, an increase of 27.43 million mu over the previous year, the highest year since 1958. The output was 20.28 million tons, an increase of 3.89 million tons. The rape area reached 109 million mu, an increase of nearly 4 million mu, and the total output of oil crops was 36.53 million tons, an increase of 1.1% over the previous year. Due to the increase in supply and consumption saving, the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil increased by 1.6 percentage points. The production of live pigs developed steadily. By the end of 2022, the number of fertile sows in China was slightly higher than the green and reasonable regional upper limit of capacity regulation. The annual pork output was 55.41 million tons, an increase of 4.6% over the previous year. At the same time, the production of beef, mutton, milk and aquatic products increased in an all-round way, and the supply of vegetables and fruits was stable.

  Second, the industrial employment belt has been strengthened, and the results of poverty alleviation have been continuously consolidated. Monitoring assistance is further optimized. Farmers who are at risk of returning to poverty should do their best and help them. More than 65% of the monitored objects have eliminated the risk of returning to poverty, and the rest have also implemented assistance measures. The effect of industry leading agriculture is obvious. The proportion of subsidy funds for rural revitalization promoted by the convergence of central finance for industrial development exceeds 55%, and every poverty-stricken county has cultivated 2-mdash; Three characteristic leading industries, nearly 3/4 of the people out of poverty have established a close interest relationship with new business entities. Going out to work remains stable. In the whole year, the employment scale of poverty-stricken laborers was 32.78 million, exceeding the annual target of 2.59 million.

  Third, science and technology and equipment are strongly supported, and modern agricultural construction continues to advance. The revitalization of seed industry has been further promoted. The general survey of agricultural germplasm resources was basically completed, and 120,000 agricultural germplasm resources were newly collected, 330,000 livestock and poultry germplasm resources and 78,000 aquatic germplasm resources were collected and produced. Key agricultural core technologies have been tackled in an orderly manner, major agricultural biological breeding projects have been launched and implemented, and the pilot application of genetically modified corn and soybean industrialization has progressed smoothly. The protection of cultivated land has been intensified. The task of building 100 million mu of high-standard farmland in the whole year was overfulfilled, and the cumulative construction target of 1 billion mu was achieved as scheduled. The implementation of conservation tillage covers an area of 83 million mu, and the pilot task of the third national soil survey was generally completed. Breakthrough in the creation of agricultural machinery and equipment. 240 horsepower stepless speed change tractors, rape transplanters and other short-board machines were successfully mass-produced, and the loss rate of grain machinery was controlled within 3%.

  Fourth, the transformation of production methods was accelerated, and the green transformation of agriculture continued to advance. Collaborative promotion of agricultural non-point source pollution control. The utilization rates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides all exceeded 41%, and the utilization rates of livestock manure, straw and agricultural film exceeded 78%, 88% and 80% respectively. The ecological environment in key river basins has been improved rapidly. The ten-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River has been vigorously promoted, and the protection of aquatic biological resources has continued to improve. The effect of deep water saving in the Yellow River basin has begun to show, and the agricultural ecological environment problems have been treated. The supply of green and high-quality agricultural products increased. Agricultural production and the "three products and one standard" of agricultural products have been further promoted. The output of green, organic and geographical indications has reached 11%, and the pass rate of routine monitoring of agricultural products quality and safety has reached 97.6%.

  Fifth, rural industries have been cultivated and expanded, and channels for increasing farmers’ income have been continuously broadened. The processing and circulation of agricultural products has developed steadily. It is estimated that the operating income of agricultural products processing industry above designated size will exceed 18.5 trillion yuan, an increase of about 4%, and support various market entities to build more than 16,000 cold storage and preservation facilities for agricultural products. The development of new industries and formats in rural areas was accelerated. Rural leisure tourism has resumed development, and the online retail sales of agricultural products are expected to increase by about 10%. Rural employment and entrepreneurship have a good momentum, and the local employment rate is over 90%. Upgrading the construction of agricultural parks. 40 new industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks and 200 strong agricultural towns will be built, and the rural industrial base will be further consolidated. Driven by industry and employment, the annual per capita disposable income of rural residents reached 20,133 yuan, a real increase of 4.2%, and the per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents was 2.45, which was 0.05 lower than that in 2021.

  Sixth, rural construction has been carried out in an all-round way, and the living conditions of farmers have been continuously improved. Renovation and improvement of rural human settlements. The penetration rate of sanitary toilets in rural areas in China exceeds 73%, more than 90% of domestic garbage in natural villages has been collected and transported, and 95% of villages have carried out cleaning operations. The construction of rural public facilities was promoted in an orderly manner. The construction of industrial roads, resource roads and tourist roads in rural areas was accelerated, water supply and power supply, network communication, farmers’ housing and other facilities were gradually improved, and the level of public services such as rural education, medical care and old-age care was steadily improved. The effectiveness of rural governance has been continuously enhanced. A total of 199 demonstration villages and towns and 1992 demonstration villages have been established nationwide, and governance methods such as point system, list system and digitalization have been comprehensively promoted.

  Seventh, the expansion of rural reform has deepened, and the kinetic energy of rural development has continued to increase. The key reform tasks have been steadily advanced. After the expiration of the second round of land contract, the pilot project was extended to 21 provinces for another 30 years. Two pilot projects, namely, the reform of homestead system and the special rectification of rural land occupation and housing construction, were carried out in an orderly manner, and the results of the reform of rural collective property rights system were consolidated and improved. The main body of new agricultural management has developed and expanded. Family farms and farmers’ cooperatives reached 3.9 million and 2.22 million respectively. Agricultural socialization service covers an area of 1.87 billion mu and drives more than 89 million small farmers. Trade in agricultural products grew rapidly. The total import and export volume reached $334.32 billion. Among them, imports were US$ 236.06 billion, up by 7.4% over the previous year, and exports were US$ 98.26 billion, up by 16.5% over the previous year.

  Generally speaking, the agricultural and rural economic development in the past year has withstood multiple tests, achieved more than expected results, stabilized the basic disk and consolidated the ballast stone. This year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the National Rural Revitalization Bureau will fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, anchor the goal of building an agricultural power, fully adhere to the two bottom lines of ensuring national food security and not returning to poverty on a large scale, solidly promote key tasks such as rural development, rural construction and rural governance, build a livable and beautiful countryside, and make new progress in comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization.

Skyworth Auto will buy Skyworth EV6, 138,800

There are many people who blindly look at the vehicle power parameters when buying a car. In fact, the larger the value, the better the experience. Today, I picked a car to introduce to you, and it is. Without further ado, let’s take a look.

Take a look at the appearance of Skyworth EV6 first. The front shape of Skyworth EV6 is dignified and looks very delicate. The headlights are very in line with the consumer’s aesthetic, and the overall look is very elegant. The car is equipped with automatic opening and closing, delayed closing, etc. To the side of the body, the body size of the car is 4720MM*1908MM*1696MM. The car adopts a youthful and personalized line. The side of the car presents a delicate design style, with large-sized and thick-walled tires, which leaves a very fashionable feeling. In terms of the rear, the overall shape of Skyworth EV6’s rear echoes the front face. The taillights look very cold, and the overall look is very young and fashionable.

Coming to the Skyworth EV6 car, the front face of Skyworth EV6 looks very avant-garde, and the overall visual effect is very distinctive. The steering wheel shape of the car is bright, and it is made of leather material, which looks a little more simple. From the central control point of view, with the 15.6-inch touch LCD central control screen, the interior style is impressive and stable. The dashboard and seats also feel good. Let’s take a look. The dashboard of the car presents a delicate design style, and the design is relatively cold. The car adopts leather seats, which are wide and thick, exquisite in materials, and comfortable to ride.

Skyworth EV6 is 150KW, with a total torque of 320N.m, a maximum speed of 150km/h, and a maximum cruising range of 520km. The electric vehicle has a good cruising range and meets daily needs.

In terms of configuration, Skyworth EV6 is equipped with driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, rear wiper, in-car ambient light, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.) and other configurations.

This car has already been introduced, and I believe that many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality. If you are also concerned, you might as well experience it.

Is zeekr Krypton 001 more expensive than the same class?

Zeekr Krypton 001 is not expensive compared with the same class.

Extreme krypton 001 is the flagship model of extreme krypton car, which is positioned as a medium-sized and large-sized car with a starting price of 300,000 yuan. According to the data of the car body, the car body is 4970*1999*1560(1548)mm and the wheelbase is 3005mm, which is outstanding in the same class.

The price range of 2024 Extreme Krypton 001 is 269-329,000 yuan, and the prices of medium and high distribution are lowered. For example, the entry-level version has the same price, but the configuration has been greatly improved, such as 19-inch wheels and LED matrix headlights, which are standard, and there are rich intelligent driving assistance functions. Moreover, the WE version upgrades the 21-inch 4-piston calipers for free, all colors in the whole system are free, and zad’s complete driver assistance function is free for life.

In terms of configuration, Krypton 001 is also excellent, including front seat heating, HUD head-up display, steering wheel heating, rear seat heating and ventilation, wireless charging of mobile phones, etc., and also provides front sports style seats.

At the same time, the new Krypton 001 also has advantages in power and battery life. For example, the WE version of the 100kWh rear-drive version is equipped with a 100kWh Kirin battery, and the CLTC cruising range is 750 kilometers.

Compared with the same class of fuel vehicles, the price is at the mainstream level. On the whole, Krypton 001 is competitive in price, rich in configuration and high in cost performance, and will not be more expensive than the same class models. Its main competing products are Tesla model Y, Aouita 12, Han, Xingyuan ES, etc., but Extreme Krypton 001 has its own advantages in terms of price, configuration and battery life.

Entering the main body of the market, this enterprise makes China’s shield machine go global.

Xinhua News Agency, Zhengzhou, July 29th Title: This enterprise makes China’s shield machine go global.

Xinhua News Agency reporters Ma Yizhen and Han Jianuo

At the entrance of the shield assembly workshop of China Railway Equipment, a blue and white shield cutter head with a diameter of nearly three stories is being hoisted on a heavy transport truck, and it will be put into the Tel Aviv subway tunnel project in Israel soon. This is also the eighth shield machine exported by China Railway Equipment to Israel in recent years. In addition to Israel, the company’s shield equipment exported to Austria, Italy, Portugal, Qatar and other countries has also been rolled off the assembly line and installed …

How did this company make China people’s own shield machine? And how to make China’s shield machine go to the world by virtue of its strong strength? A few days ago, the reporter walked into Zhengzhou headquarters of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd. and felt the invincible power of big countries.

Build China’s own shield machine.

According to the relevant person in charge of China Railway Equipment, full-face tunnel boring machines are divided into hard rock boring machines, earth pressure balance shield machines and mud-water balance shield machines according to different applied geological conditions. In China, the latter two types are commonly referred to as "shield machines". This kind of equipment is called "the king of construction machinery", which integrates mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, sensing, information, mechanics, guidance research and other technologies. A shield machine is several stories high, weighs thousands of tons, and has tens of thousands of parts. The control system alone has more than 2,000 control points.

Wang Dujuan, chief expert and deputy general manager of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group, told the reporter that in the past, underground tunnels were the difficulties of many major projects. Traditional excavation and excavation relied on methods such as pneumatic drilling, blasting and stone slag planing, which had low safety and efficiency.

In order to speed up the infrastructure construction, in the 1990s, China imported two hard rock boring machines from abroad at a cost of 700 million yuan, which were used for the construction of Qinling Tunnel on Xikang Railway. However, these imported machines are not only expensive, but also cost more for follow-up services.

Wang Dujuan and his colleagues sprouted a dream from their hearts: China people must build their own shield machines! Later, she and her colleagues made repeated investigations and attempts, and started over and over again … In April 2008, we finally successfully developed the first composite EPB shield machine with independent intellectual property rights in China. Subsequently, the prototype was applied to the Tianjin subway project, which not only made the excavation speed fast, but also controlled the surface settlement within 3 mm. After the success of the first battle, this meritorious shield machine was officially named "China Railway No.1".

The picture shows the first domestic composite shield "China Railway No.1" leaving the factory in 2008. (Photo courtesy of China Railway Equipment)

Polishing high-end equipment and manufacturing "business cards"

After the breakthrough of domestic shield machine from scratch, it is inseparable from the continuous innovation of technology to continue to achieve from scratch to strength and rank among the top in the world.

In the aspect of intelligent product innovation, the traditional tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction operation is to dig horizontally, but when digging wells, for example, the TBM needs to dig vertically. In order to meet the demand of vertical excavation, China Railway Equipment has carried out scientific research for another ten years.

The picture shows the world’s largest diameter hard rock roadheader developed by China Railway Equipment in 2021, which was used in the Georgian highway tunnel project. (Photo courtesy of China Railway Equipment)

"Why don’t we apply the concept of full-face tunnel boring machine to shaft boring machine, develop new products and open up new categories?" In December 2012, Li Jianbin, then Party Secretary and Chairman of China Railway Equipment, said at an internal technical seminar. After analysis and discussion, the participants immediately began to prepare for the research and development of full-face hard rock shaft boring machine.

In order to design a shaft boring machine with few people, no one, mechanization and intelligent construction, R&D personnel personally built a shaft with a depth of 690 meters, and tackled the slag tapping technology, propulsion technology and remote control technology one by one.

Finally, in 2021, the full-face hard rock shaft boring machine developed and manufactured by China Railway Equipment for 10 years was successfully used, which overcame the world problem of shaft boring for 1,000 meters and realized the concept of "drilling without lowering the well, intelligent boring" for the first time.

At present, China Railway Equipment is actively deploying intelligent shield machines and future boring machines, facing the forefront of industrial technology development, and carrying out reserve research on new rock-breaking technologies such as laser and water jet, tool-changing robots and unattended intelligent tunneling technologies. It has successively won the first and second prizes of national scientific and technological progress, a single champion demonstration enterprise in manufacturing industry, a gold medal in China’s good design, a silver medal and a gold medal in China’s patent. In 2020, China Railway Equipment was successfully selected as the first batch of "Science and Technology Reform Demonstration Enterprises".

"selling the world" opens a new journey

Wang Jinsong, head of the equipment quality management department of China Railway, told the reporter that the underground construction environment of roadheader is poor, the safety risk is high, and the equipment requirements are high. How to control the product quality is the primary problem faced by production enterprises. China Railway Equipment pays attention to detail control, focuses on product quality upgrading, implements lean production, implements quality one-vote rejection system, process real-name registration system and three-level inspection system, and fully guarantees product quality.

In recent years, China Railway Equipment has been climbing the technical peak of roadheader, and its products and services have been widely recognized by the international market. In 2021, the hard rock roadheader "Caucasus" made in China was officially excavated in the Georgian highway tunnel. The equipment has a diameter of 15.08 meters and a total weight of 3,900 tons. It is completely designed by China and China standards, and is independently manufactured by the Chinese side. It has an efficient tunneling capability under the conditions of long distance and large buried depth. This equipment has set a new record for the excavation diameter of hard rock roadheader in the world, and it is also a powerful witness for China Railway Equipment to serve the global underground engineering construction.

The picture shows that on December 4, 2019, two large-diameter EPB shield machines applied to Paris Metro Line 16 were officially launched at Zhengzhou Base of China Railway Engineering Equipment Group. (Photo courtesy of China Railway Equipment)

In recent years, the tunnel boring machine produced by China Railway Equipment is becoming a new domestic product of "Belt and Road". In 2015, China Railway Equipment won the bid for multiple shield machines in Tel Aviv subway in Israel at one time; In 2018, it won the bid for the Copenhagen project in Italy and Denmark to enter Europe; Successfully exported to France in 2019 for the Paris subway project; In 2020, the slurry shield machine exported to Poland …

In the first half of this year, China Railway Equipment actively overcame the impact of the epidemic, seized opportunities and overcome difficulties, and went all out to promote the efficient implementation of various economic indicators. The amount of newly signed contracts increased by 58% year-on-year, achieving a contrarian rise. Up to now, the cumulative order has exceeded 1400 units and exported to more than 30 countries and regions.

At present, the company’s products are widely used in foreign railways, highways, subways, water conservancy, mines and other construction fields, providing products, services and comprehensive solutions for hundreds of tunnels and underground projects. The production and sales of related equipment have been in the forefront of the world for five consecutive years.

Dongfeng built electric cross-country, warrior 917, weighing 3.293 tons, starting from 637,700.

The rise of new energy vehicles is a foregone conclusion, and car companies can only go further if they follow the trend. Even the national team that makes cars has begun to build trams. It is an electric off-road launched by science and technology.Mengshi Technology is a new energy automobile company founded by Dongfeng Motor in 2022.

What is the quality and strength of trams built by old state-owned enterprises? Just look at Warrior 917. Warrior 917 has two models, namely extended range version and pure electric version, and their prices are 637,700 and 697,700 respectively. At the recent Chengdu Auto Show, the Warrior 917 surprised everyone as soon as it appeared.Warrior 917 looks like an armored vehicle, and the performance and configuration of the whole vehicle are enough to make most trams lag behind.

As long as the money is in place, it is easy to say how much motivation is needed. The extended-range version of the Warriors 917 has 816 horsepower, while the pure electric version has 1088 horsepower, and both models use four-wheel drive. 816 horsepower is the first echelon in the power of new energy vehicles.Warrior 917 not only has good start and acceleration performance, but also has excellent off-road performance.

Even in the wild where there is no road, Warrior 917 can drive freely. Obviously, the power of warrior 917 is worthy of the word warrior.Its strong power is a reflection of Dongfeng Motor’s profound strength.

In terms of battery life, the extended-range version of the Warrior 917 has a pure electric cruising range of 200 kilometers, while the pure electric version has a cruising range of 505 kilometers. For the extended-range version of the Warrior 917, the pure electric cruising range of 200 kilometers is enough to travel smoothly in the urban area.Even in long-distance or field conditions, the range extender with a displacement of 1.5L can provide long endurance support for the Warrior 917.

For the pure electric version of the Warrior 917, the pure electric endurance of 505 kilometers is not excellent in the tram.But it is also enough to travel smoothly in most parts of the country.

Users who choose off-road vehicles are bold in character, because off-road vehicles themselves reveal unique wildness. The Warrior 917 car body adopts a variety of concave plane designs, with anti-collision beams at the front, spare tires at the rear and high-strength shelves at the top of the car body. The appearance of Warrior 917 is serious and hard.It looks like a beast ready to go, and people have to be afraid of it.

In terms of size, the Warrior 917 is a medium and large S.UV, its length, width and height are 4.987 m, 2.080 m and 1.935 m respectively, and the servicing quality of pure electronic version is 3.293 tons. Obviously,Warrior 917′ s interior space is spacious, and users can get good comfort in the car. Besides,3.293 tons of body letWarrior 917As steady as Mount Tai, sitting in this medium and large SUV is naturally full of security.

600,000-class domestic off-road vehicle, its configuration is enough to surprise everyone. Like the power and appearance, the configuration of the 917 can also be left behind by peers. It can be said that the configuration that new energy vehicles should have,There are basically Warriors 917, and there are other configurations that most trams don’t have.

For example, the Warriors 917 has high-end configurations such as night vision system, active DMS fatigue monitoring, and in-vehicle vital signs monitoring. Because it is an off-road vehicle, the Warrior 917 is also equipped withWading induction system, electromagnetic induction suspension, air suspension, variable suspension adjustment and other configurations.

In addition, the interior of the Warrior 917 is made of genuine leather, such as the steering wheel and seats.The leather texture is really beyond the reach of ordinary interiors.

Warrior 917 has excellent off-road capability, and its hard and serious appearance can give users a full sense of security. At present, there are only a handful of new energy vehicles on the market that can give users such a sense of security. In addition to having hard power,Warrior 917 also has luxurious configuration, which is not only the sincerity of Dongfeng Motor, but also the strength of domestic new energy vehicles.

How about warrior 917?

Welcome everyone to express their opinions!