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　　The feeling of chin touching the concrete floor is cold.

　　Chen Yu gritted his teeth and endured severe pain. She was prone on the ground, and a "dragon whip" was drawn to her back.

　　In the chaos, everyone around us was laughing. The male students were in a circle, and the male instructors stood in a row. The person who hit her was Wu Junbao, the "mountain leader" of Yuzhang Academy, who also smiled happily.

　　She woke up with a start and sweated her clothes. This is the fifth year that Chen Yu left Yuzhang Academy, and she is still suffering from a nightmare.

　　Yuzhang Academy is a private non-academic education and training institution, located in Wancun Village, Qingshan Lake District, Nanchang, Jiangxi. "Helping people with youth crisis to achieve excellent life", Yuzhang Academy put forward such a goal in the agreement signed with parents. In 2017, after being exposed to corporal punishment and other problems, the college applied for suspension.

　　Although the door was closed, the students were not saved. They believe that this school, which claims to be transforming machines, has pushed some young people who originally needed help to another invisible track. After leaving the academy, some people got rid of the shadows, some people stayed away from their families and schools, some people fell into depression, became numb, and even tried to commit suicide or commit crimes.

　　Among them, a student reported illegal detention in the school in 2017 and the police filed a case. Later, due to insufficient evidence, the prosecution retired the investigation. On November 14th this year, a new informant was added to the case, and the Qingshan Lake Branch of Nanchang Public Security Bureau filed the case again.

On November 14th, the student received the receipt of the case after reporting the case. Except for special marks, the pictures in this article are all provided by the respondents.

　　Chen Yu knows that Wu Junbao didn’t hit her, and there are not only boys in the academy, but she often feels that dreams seem more real than reality. The demons are still there. In reality, she gave up her job and searched the evidence behind her family’s back every day, hoping to promote the progress of the case.

　　For her, this is a self-help.

　　Walk out of the ruins

　　On a hot day in June 2015, Chen Yu left Yuzhang Academy, which she wanted to escape from countless times.

　　To meet her is a long time no see parents, familiar, and a little strange. A woman, with short hair cut and dark glasses, and a man, who looks old, has white hair coming out one after another. Chen Yu stood at the gate of the academy and said nothing.

　　This year, she was 15 years old, small and thin, with thick black long hair.

　　In March 2014, in order to avoid the endless campus violence, she took the initiative to apply to enter Yuzhang Academy, which claimed to focus on Chinese studies education and self-cultivation education, and "escaped" from Zhejiang to Jiangxi.

　　However, she ran head-on into another kind of violence — — Many students said that boys and girls would be beaten if they talked or moved in class; Students report, inform against and bully each other; If you mention corporal punishment in school when talking to your parents, you will be cut off immediately; The head is covered with dense barbed wire. Chen Yu once fell off a ceramic cup and cut himself with fragments, bleeding, and then he waited for 20 "dragon whip", which is a slender stick. The students said it was a steel bar wrapped in black paint, but the school said it was made of bamboo. A student who entered Yuzhang College in 2014 witnessed her being beaten. "At that time, female students lined up and saw Chen Yu being beaten in a chair. After the beating, she was taken away by the students."

　　Really want to leave there, Chen Yu was stunned. The two men led her to an unlicensed brown SUV and froze her. "The car you borrowed?" She finally spoke. This is not the original car at home, and Chen Yu shrank back.

　　"No, are you two spies who look like my parents?" Chen Yu muttered to himself and got on the bus with suspicion.

　　By inquiring about the landmark buildings next to her home, she finally confirmed that "they" were her parents.

　　The car got on the expressway, and left Jiangxi after a few hours, and the three lanes gradually widened into four lanes. When she saw the name of her hometown on the road sign, she knew that she had really gone home, and tears suddenly flowed out.

　　She still remembers that feeling. "It seems that after staying in the ruins for a long time, the sky is finally a little brighter."

　　At home, the bed is novel, and it is no longer a bunk bed with a musty military quilt. The shower head is also fun. The Yuzhang Academy is a water pipe with at most half a mineral water bottle with a hole. The front door of the house has changed a lot. She doesn’t know the updated bus route, and it’s interesting to see the city bicycles parked by the roadside. She thought foolishly, "Humans are really smart now."

　　This remote experience also appeared in Zhu Ning.

　　Finally, she walked out of the scarlet gate of Yuzhang Academy, the cars on the road, the noisy sounds and the tall buildings, and she felt dizzy and empty.

　　In November 2014, when she was 18 years old, she entered Yuzhang Academy for the first time. Six months after she came out, she "re-entered the palace" and left before Yuzhang Academy closed in November 2017.

　　When he got home, Zhu Ning mentioned the corporal punishment and detention in Yuzhang Academy with his parents. "How is it possible?" Parents answered. I also met my mother in the academy. She quietly showed her the wound that was swollen by the ruler at the pulse. Her mother only threw two words: "What a suck." After coming out, I told my good friend, and the other person replied with a joke: "Did you go to ancient times?"

　　In response to the corporal punishment injury proposed by the students, Wu Junbao told the The Paper reporter, "It really hurts the students." However, he said that the punishment operation for students in that year was still measured. "There has never been a minor injury or serious injury caused by a ruler pointer."

　　For several months, Chen Yu once suspected that the days in Yuzhang Academy were "normal life". Four years later, she was sitting in a crowded coffee shop, wearing a cowboy coat and short hair. She talked about the moment when she just left Yuzhang Academy and laughed strangely.

　　Before high school started, she didn’t go out, trying to find that familiar feeling: searching Jiangxi Satellite TV on TV; Wear the clothes of Yuzhang Academy, with a twisted sky-blue coat and a gray-black dress; Looking through the diary written in the academy, covered with a textbook, parents thought she had "learned".

Read "Notes on Self-cultivation in Yuzhang Academy" in high school class.

　　She doesn’t talk to her family, and the room door locks if it can. Every night at dinner, when her parents finish eating, she sits at the table alone, first reciting Thanksgiving Dinner — — Pre-meal ceremony stipulated in Yuzhang Academy. She is also afraid that her parents will ask questions. "It’s not good to talk about it, and I’m tired after talking about it."

　　wound

　　Chen Yu began to lose sleep all night.

　　When I close my eyes, it’s all about the dream of Yuzhang Academy. I sleep paralysis during the day, so I can’t wake up.

　　When she went to high school in September, her parents arranged a health school for her to pick up and drop off from school. Chen Yu is not in contact with the outside world, and there is a line between home and school. I seldom talk to my classmates, curled up like a hedgehog, and only when someone called her to have dinner together did I "mm-hmm".

　　She was so tired that she fell asleep in class and woke up shouting for help. She had to let her classmates watch her at any time.

　　In my dream, sometimes the academy is haunted, and sometimes there are endless punishments. In a trance, a teacher she retaliated against slept in her room, face down, jumped in front of her, and a pool of blood was scattered on the ground. Chen Yu woke up, added the teacher WeChat, and apologized for more than a month.

　　Later, Chen Yu talked with people, listened to snoring, listened to songs and talked, so that he could fall asleep slowly.

　　After coming out of Yuzhang, her parents took her to visit relatives and praised the "traditional culture school" for changing her into a lady. She used to be lively, like a little boy, and she always had to go back to her hometown. She didn’t excuse herself, sat quietly watching TV, thinking, "You know something.".

　　Only she knows that her real self is about to explode. After his parents went to work, Chen Yu secretly turned on the computer, scolded in the post bar of Yuzhang Academy, and sprayed anonymously in the QQ group with "Shanchang" Wu Junbao and principal Ren Weiqiang. "No one can be trusted. I will scold them by myself."

　　Thinking in my head has never stopped, which is the sequela of living in the academy. In the past, there were countless things that Chen Yu had to think about every day, so small that she made a fuss when eating, and she didn’t finish eating. She began to ponder the A plan, B plan and C plan explained to the teacher to avoid being beaten. As big as how to prevent students and teachers, for a time, she released a fake news to people around her every day to test whether they would tell on them.

Diary of students in Yuzhang Academy.

　　Now bored at home, Chen Yu suddenly doesn’t know what to think. Walking on the road one day, she faced the zebra crossing in front of her, unable to figure out whether to step on the white line or the black line, and had a big fight with her parents. At the end of the quarrel, she couldn’t stand herself and cried helplessly on the road.

　　Seven days a week, she spent four days studying how to die. Once standing on the roof, she thought about it all. The wind poured into his clothes, and Chen Yu was afraid of heights, but at that moment, it seemed even more frightening to live. "I never know what I am."

　　My mother tried hard to persuade her, and tears streamed down her face. Seeing her crying, she relented and went home with her. At that time, she didn’t know that she had symptoms of depression and mania.

　　During the manic episode, Chen Yu quarreled with her ex-boyfriend and removed all the doors of the ladies’ room in the mall. Her boyfriend couldn’t hold her back and called her parents. She collapsed and knelt down and cried, "Why did you call them here … …” Saying things that no one can understand.

　　She can’t explain what’s wrong with herself. I guess it may have something to do with putting up with bullying for too long. Many students mentioned that in Yuzhang Academy, after being beaten with a ruler and a dragon whip, they had to bow and say "thank you for your teaching". Chen Yu said that she never resisted.

　　repeat the performance

　　For some students, what they are more afraid of is being sent to Yuzhang again after leaving.

　　Zhu Ning had a hunch.

　　After leaving the academy, her parents asked her to report everywhere. She didn’t go home at night, and uninterrupted messages and phone calls flooded into her and her friends’ mobile phones. Mother will block the door and block her from going out with her body.

　　Arguing constantly. After another serious and fruitless argument, my mother grabbed Zhu Ning’s mobile phone. She aimed at a pair of scissors on the coffee table in the living room, took it down and went back to the room, locked the door and rushed to the balcony. Hesitated for a few seconds, cut off the blue-purple blood vessel and blood came out.

　　After opening the door, her father got scared and returned her mobile phone. She ran out of the house and stayed in a bar with friends for one night.

　　After that day, Zhu Ning heard that her mother had already arranged for Yu Zhang’s people to come to catch her.

　　Not long after, one night in April, 2016, my father cooked a big table with fish and crabs that Zhu Ning loved. She was vaguely uneasy. Her mother had seen her lose weight before, asked her if she was taking drugs, and even counted her life, saying that she must have suffered in the past two years.

　　As expected. On this day, her father watched her get on the van to Yuzhang.

　　Zhu Ning was sad and asked, "Dad, why did you lie to me?" Once, her parents promised not to send her to school again.

　　Father’s eyes are red. Three instructors put her in the car and handcuffed her. She couldn’t get free. Everything repeats itself: locked in a closed "little dark room" and sitting on a small mat, she is surrounded by despair and has no sleep at night.

　　As for the handcuffs used in arresting people, Zhou Wenliang and Tian Feng, who used to be instructors in Yuzhang Academy, confirmed that instructors usually go with handcuffs when arresting people, "to make children think we are policemen". The "little black room" is the source of students’ nightmares. Many students said that everyone must be locked in the "little black room" for 7 days before entering the school. In this regard, Wu Junbao said in an interview with The Paper that detaining students is Morita therapy for education and correction.

Students identify the location of the original "little black house".

　　Coming out of Yuzhang for the second time, Zhu Ning will be nervous when he hears his mother answering the phone and calling his father. He will look twice at the license plate in Jiangxi, Lu Yu, and he is often depressed and extremely sensitive to the surrounding sounds.

　　A year later, in my mother’s shop, my grandmother cried and said to her, "Hurry up." Zhu Ning knew what was going to happen. She didn’t run away, but went home. Also in the dark, she was also in a minivan. She was sent to Zhihe Education Special Training School in Changsha, Hunan Province, and accepted paramilitary management. She left in August this year.

　　Zhu Ning said that from then on, she could no longer trust her parents. No matter what they did, it seemed as if the two generations were separated by the sea and could not cross the shore.

　　"whatever"

　　Zhang Chen, then 17, faced a similar situation to Zhu Ning. After Yu Zhang came out in 2015, she hardly communicated with her parents. The difference is that she gradually became numb to everything.

　　When I was a child, I was at home, my father cheated, and my parents quarreled. She is doing her homework in the room and can hear clearly — — My father was righteous and my mother didn’t say a word. After the father scolded, the mother would enter Zhang Chen’s room and ask, "Why did you write your homework so slowly today?"

　　Zhang Chen said that apart from studying, her parents seldom asked her about other feelings. During the summer vacation of primary school, she was locked at home to learn English, play the piano and do her homework every day, two hours in the morning, three hours in the afternoon and three hours in the evening. She began to run away from home and even broke things. For a while, no glass products were put at home.

　　After Yu Zhang, she could not forgive her parents and built a defensive fortress indifferently.

　　Zhang Chen recalled that it was at that time that she completely "stepped into the society". At the age of the second grade, she didn’t go to school or go home. She stayed in the shaking room every day and was addicted to cough water. When there is no money, I steal my mother’s jewelry and sell it.

　　Zhang Chen has long been accustomed to "stealing". Before in the academy, she sneaked into the kitchen with her classmates to steal wine. I can also come out because I stole the instructor’s mobile phone and sent messages to my parents, added a sentence "Don’t reply when I see it" and then deleted it immediately.

　　After entering Yuzhang Academy, she got used to the rules inside. "Either you bully others or others bully you." In the bedroom, she once stripped a girl naked with several students, and played with her hands and feet on the iron frame bed.

　　Zhang Chen didn’t go home, and his mother chose to lock him up. Zhang Chen let them lock the room, and then knocked loose the lock core with a hammer and a kitchen knife to escape from the house. Sometimes he quietly took his mother’s key and matched it. "I have my own method."

　　Zhang Chen hates the feeling of being controlled. When she entered the "little black room" of Yuzhang Academy, she removed the air conditioner and curtains, and was dragged out by several instructors. She kept beating and cursing, and finally fell to the ground by the instructor, and her chin was bleeding and she couldn’t move. Chen Yu remembers that at that time, in front of the Confucius statue, "First, four instructors pressed Zhang Chen to the ground, and later Wu Junbao personally hit him."

　　One afternoon after leaving the college, she told her mother that she would go to the movies with her friends. "Just stay at home and don’t go anywhere." Her mother looked cold and walked outside with the key. Zhang Chen went to grab it, and his mother picked at it with her nails, but she didn’t grab it.

　　Zhang Chen raised a kitchen knife — — "You give it to me." She didn’t remember her mother’s expression at that time, as if she had stepped aside. Zhang Chen got the key, threw a kitchen knife, opened the door and rushed out.

　　Soon after, she was sent to Changsha Jielong Special Training School and stayed for 8 months. When she went to Changsha, she didn’t struggle and "didn’t care" about anything. In her opinion, it is even worse than Yuzhang Academy. "There are no rules, it depends on the instructor’s mood." In a word, the instructor may take shit on the students’ faces. "They will also take pictures."

　　Yuzhang Academy taught her to look at people and know how to live a little more comfortably on her own. In the new school, she got on well with the instructor and didn’t want to run, so she picked up the instructor’s cup, poured water, ground it for a while, and had a legitimate reason to sit next to it.

　　After leaving, Zhang Chen went back to her hometown to take the senior high school entrance examination, intending to go to an international school in other places, but after a quarrel with her parents, her mother refused to give her 30 yuan, and she overturned their arrangement.

　　In 2017, her fall in love was opposed by her father, who packed her two suitcases and told her to get out of the house.

　　Zhang Chen and her boyfriend have been wandering outside for several months, and the money soon ran out. Her boyfriend started to pull the door and took someone else’s computer and camera to sell, while she and her friends watched. Three months later, she was detained in a detention center for theft, involving 30,000 yuan, which was implemented for one year and suspended for two years.

　　"It didn’t mean anything at that time. Anyway, it was like this. Sometimes I took drugs, and my brain was not normal." Zhang Chen talked about those days in a light tone.

　　Dressed in black, she mentioned her parents and took a long smoke. When I came out of the detention center, my parents quarreled and divorced, and my mother moved back to her hometown. She lives alone in another house and works in her father’s company. She often feels bored for no reason, and always has someone to stay with her.

　　She remembers that the only remaining feeling of home was living with her boyfriend, mother and two golden retrievers before going to jail, and her boyfriend became a buffer between her and her mother. When two people come home, their mother will exchange shoes for her, play cards together in the evening, and make fried pork with potatoes and tomato and egg soup at noon. "Although it tastes terrible, it feels quite good."

　　Mother came home on National Day this year, and Zhang Chen was watching TV. Mother sat beside her and didn’t stop her from smoking for the first time. "I recently read a report about Yuzhang Academy," my mother whispered. "I feel quite sorry to send you in. I felt that you and I were noisy before, but we could still be together. You used to be sunny, affectionate and energetic, but now you are a different person, especially realistic, and you turn your face and deny people. "

　　Zhang Chen looked at her and never answered. "What’s for lunch today?" She changed the subject.

　　Reveal one’s heart

　　On October 26th, 2017, Zhihu author Wen Yan published an article "How many Yang Yongxin are there in China? ",exposing Yuzhang Academy’s imprisonment and corporal punishment of students by means of Chinese studies, which aroused public concern. Subsequently, the injured students and netizens set up a volunteer group to establish a core rights protection group, with hundreds of messages rolling every day.

Tender posted on Zhihu. Gentle Weibo screenshot

　　"I want to join, too." Seeing the exposure, this is the first thought that Chen Yu flashed.

　　Before that, she did research and practice, day after day.

　　After joining the volunteer group, she saw hope, and the whole person got excited and pulled dozens of students into the group at once. I am interviewed by reporters every day, and my mobile phone has never stopped charging. I have opened the application of WeChat friends, and every message that adds her is answered one by one.

　　In order not to let her parents find out, she ran to the attic to make a phone call, and when she was tired, she sat on the toilet in the attic toilet. She searched every corner of the house for evidence, and then quietly stuffed it under the drawer of the old bed after using it.

　　On November 4th, Chen Yu published the first self-report on her experience in Yuzhang in Weibo. She spent a night writing it, and her words were calm, but she shook as she wrote, and fell down on the bed after writing. Outside the window, the skylight had brightened.

　　Before the exposure, she couldn’t relax, so she had to play mobile games and open a live broadcast room. Many people accompanied her to watch and chat, and she was comfortable.

　　On this day, she sat on the sofa in the living room with her mobile phone. Mother glanced at her. She had repeatedly reminded Chen Yu to play with her mobile phone less. "Now she is beginning to die again. Do you believe I will send you to Yuzhang Academy again?"

　　Hearing this, Chen Yu suddenly couldn’t stand it, and began to point at his mother’s nose and scold her. Her mother froze and looked dumbfounded. Father heard the noise and ran out and slapped her.

　　She let it all out at once.

　　"I suppressed for a long time, and I am not afraid to tell you. You only know how to live, but you don’t know how to raise. "

　　"Do you know where you put me? What have I experienced?"

　　While screaming, tears kept falling.

　　She remembered that in Yuzhang Academy, her father was standing downstairs wearing a suit and holding a thermos cup, but the class teacher wouldn’t let her meet her father. She shouted at the window on the fourth floor, but didn’t dare to shout too loudly. The family meeting is only two or three days. If the parents are found to be in private, they will be beaten. If they put her in the boring room, there will be no chance to meet each other.

　　Later, she hit her head against the iron railing, bleeding profusely, and went to the class teacher’s room, and "Kuang" trampled her bed board off.

　　Now, parents are in sight, but Chen Yu feels that the distance between them is getting farther and farther.

　　"Daughter, it’s not like this." Mother also cried. After listening to her, her parents, who have always been inarticulate, sat down beside her. There was only a small light in the living room. In the gloom, my parents opened their hearts for the first time and said many things that they had never said before.

　　Finally, Chen Yu wiped her tears. "I really can’t stand it. Please take me to see a doctor."

　　She was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. For two years, she didn’t believe that she was sick, and thought that there was no need for treatment. After pouring out her heart knot for many years, she began to be hospitalized and take medicine.

Chen Yu was diagnosed as bipolar disorder.

　　For her, this is also the beginning of some kind of reconciliation. Parents are becoming "cute" gradually. She heard from her mother that her father was hiding in the quilt in the middle of the night, not watching TV, and secretly crying. Chen Yu went to his room to change the sheets, and found that there was a card under the sheets that she gave to her father when she was a child. It said, "Dad, I love you." There were three little people in the middle, and two adults were holding a little person.

　　just believe in love

　　Chen Yu once thought that the light was coming.

　　On November 8, 2017, after a lot of media exposure and public concern, Yuzhang Academy took the initiative to apply for closure. Before the suspension, the Qingshan Lake District in Nanchang issued an official notice saying that the school did have behaviors and systems such as penalty station, playing ruler and beating bamboo to quit whipping. On December 7, the police filed a case against the victim students for investigation.

　　Chen Yu was excited when she heard that Yuzhang Academy was closed, but she felt that it was not over yet. During that time, she lived in the hospital, groggy, taking sedatives and sleeping pills every day, and thinking about Yuzhang Academy in her mind. She wanted to participate in the report and provide evidence and clues, but she was still underage.

　　2018 has become a harbinger. After her 18th birthday, she wants to do something on her own.

　　A few months later, the procuratorate of Qingshan Lake District in Nanchang decided not to arrest Wu Junbao on the grounds of "insufficient evidence", and the case was returned for supplementary investigation. The core rights protection group is slowly dying, and volunteers are also losing. Only nearly five people are still insisting on the investigation.

　　Without progress, Chen Yu started a new life, working as a clerk in a coffee shop, selling cards in a photo studio and reporting to a driving school. Finally, I opened a real estate agency, bought a suit, and had cigarettes on my body at any time. I divided them up when I saw people. I entertained until 3 am every day and went back to the store to sleep.

　　At work, the traces left by Yuzhang Academy are still there, and she will keep an eye on everything. When someone comes to cooperate with her, she will repeatedly think, "Why should I cooperate with you? What benefits can you give him? Why doesn’t he cooperate with others and cooperate with you? "

　　But the case of Yuzhang Academy is still a thorn in her heart. When she is in charge of the store, she will ask Luo Wei, the student who reported the case, about the latest progress, and there is no result. She sends Weibo from time to time to update the content related to Yuzhang Academy, and no one cares. Chatting in the core group is at a loss.

　　In the summer of 2018, after saving enough money, Chen Yu couldn’t help but go to Nanchang with the report materials. Back in front of the gate of Yuzhang Academy, the four buildings of the Women’s Department were painted with new paint and turned into gray bricks, but those memories were still clear one by one, and she couldn’t help crying.

　　She didn’t go to the public security bureau, but met some local students from Yuzhang College in Nanchang. Chen Yu didn’t mention the report, but beat about the bush, trying to sound out everyone’s thoughts. When we met, everyone laughed and talked about what they had been happy in the academy before, and no one decided to be accountable like her.

　　Chen Yu was shaken, and the two-way emotional disorder made her constantly deny herself in the past. She deleted the former Weibo, returned to Zhejiang, hid the report materials all over the house again, and fell into depression again.

　　After returning, she still spent a lot of time paying attention to the case of Yuzhang Academy. She didn’t get a suite for several months, and she came to the client and simply introduced it to the opposite agent.

　　In July this year, Chen Yu learned that the volunteer team had restarted the investigation. Volunteer Zi Mu was harassed and intimidated by telephone calls, text messages and other forms last year. He was suspected of being retaliated by the head of Yuzhang Academy, and Zi Mu suffered from depression. In May 2018, he was rescued after drinking a lot of pills.

　　Wu Junbao denied that he had retaliated. He admitted that he had failed in running a school and felt guilty. "Since then, he has remained anonymous and cultivated his heart for the rest of his life."

　　Chen Yu once again ignited "fighting spirit." In September, she and another volunteer, Lu Yinggang, visited the victims on the spot, hoping to find more people to participate in the report and provide evidence. They called this effort "the last try".

　　what course to follow

　　However, few students are willing to report the case, many have given up, and others are still indulging in greater difficulties.

　　Lu Yinggang, a volunteer, found that 70%-80% of the students he contacted who walked out of Yuzhang Academy had psychological barriers such as mania, depression and anxiety. "There, the dark side of society was forced into their eyes, which led them to think that others were children’s tricks."

　　Many students’ families are already scarred, and after leaving the academy, they are even more determined to stay away from their parents and schools, and they are at a loss when they are adults.

　　During the visit, some people will directly deny that they have been to Yuzhang Academy, even if they face the name on the certificate of Yuzhang Academy, "The same name is not allowed." Some people listened to his purpose, "No, it didn’t hurt me", talked about some content, and said, "Look, I can tell you, it didn’t hurt me."

　　Some people find it difficult to trust others and often ask him, "Why on earth did you help me?" When a boy sees him sitting next to him, he will suddenly shrink aside; When eating together, I heard a Nanchang accent at the next table, and my eyes stared over there, and the whole person became alert.

　　When telling the past experience again, some students suddenly became fierce, striking the table and yelling, "I just sent me to a place like this because of my poor grades?" I earn more on Taobao than you do. What qualifications do you have to do this to me? ！” When it comes to parents, people often refer to "that person", "them" and "you".

　　Lu Yinggang said that after leaving Yuzhang College, many students have embarked on the road of crime, such as prostitution and drug abuse.

　　They lack a social support system, and no one intervenes when there are crises such as suicide and crime. This often makes volunteers feel powerless. "Can one person manage so many people?" Liu Yinggang smiled bitterly.

　　Si Jia, then 15 years old, left home after leaving the academy in 2015, and now she is migrating in various cities. In the academy, she secretly decided: "After going out, she must be financially independent and will not let her parents send herself in again."

　　After staying at home for three months, she didn’t want to play with her parents, packed her bags, and came to Nanchang by train alone to see what this place that had been trapped for half a year looked like. At the gate of Yuzhang Academy, watching the students in class, she was a little gloating, "finally relieved", and with the determination of masochism, she wanted to remember those pains.

　　Over the years, Sijia has never spent his parents’ money. Part of the money she earned was paid for plastic surgery, and she couldn’t forget the verbal violence she endured in Yuzhang — — Because some girls were found to be in love, the teacher gathered everyone together to lecture, with a sarcastic tone: "You are young, want to marry and want to fall in love, and you don’t look at yourself one by one"; She is the principal of the students, who is responsible for approving the students’ rulers. The students aim at her and laugh at her for being ugly and like a toad.

　　Before going out, she needs exaggerated makeup, new clothes, Cosmetic Contact Lenses, wig and earrings, and she will feel safe when she is fully armed. She didn’t dare to look in the mirror, and the frustration of "nothing looks good" surged up every day.

　　Since 2017, Sijia has moved a knife every other month. Now, except for her mouth, she has had cosmetic surgery on her whole face, but she is still not satisfied with her appearance.

　　Affection, love and friendship are all indifferent to her. "I don’t need or want to believe in these things."

　　not yet completed

　　When he came to Nanchang to report the case again, Chen Yu cancelled the store, signed an organ donation agreement without telling his parents and boyfriend, and held a mortal heart to "fight against Wu Junbao". She just couldn’t resist her friend’s persuasion, so she gave up reporting the case again.

　　Trying to move forward, she was still caught in the past.

　　In October this year, Gentle posted again, telling the experience of volunteers being threatened. Yuzhang Academy once again entered the public eye, and the popularity of the article was no longer the same. Chen Yu began to brush "Please pay attention to the Yuzhang Academy incident" under the headlines, Weibo V and Tik Tok popularity again, and reposted his self-report on Weibo. Some of the comments criticized and questioned students or parents, and she explained them one by one.

　　I don’t know why, my parents and my grandmother’s relatives began to study traditional culture. "Children and grandchildren are learning this set and spending money to listen to the video class" To Conscience "." She felt rejected, and her authoritative elders said, "Traditional culture is good, it can change the relationship between people, family relations and people’s lives."

　　Chen Yu felt funny. "I don’t know if it’s good if I can’t persuade. Anyway, it’s good if I don’t hit people."

　　Afraid of forgetting, Chen Yu will look at the articles she wrote before, turn over the notes passed in the library and the records of being beaten in the college that she wrote in the "Lectures on Self-cultivation in Yuzhang Academy" in class.

　　Now every night, Chen Yu coaxes her boyfriend to sleep, hiding in the dark, looking for evidence and clues, reading private letters, sending Weibo, and choosing words carefully. I can’t hold on. I didn’t go to sleep until seven or eight in the morning. She stopped taking medicine, and sometimes she fell into endless depression and stayed in bed for several days without eating or drinking water.

　　For this matter, her boyfriend and she quarreled a lot. "Don’t let you do, hurt you? Letting you do it may be harmful to you. " Chen Yu turned away without listening or saying anything.

　　On October 29th, the staff of the Political Department of Nanchang Procuratorate introduced to The Paper that two instructors were suspected of illegal detention. At present, Nanchang Procuratorate is checking the case, and the results will be announced to the public.

　　On November 14th, a new informant was added to the illegal detention case, and the case was filed for the second time in Qingshan Lake Branch of Nanchang Public Security Bureau. This time, Chen Yu sent a report.

　　Nowadays, she and her parents don’t see each other often, but they can care about each other. She will say to her mother, "Be good, mommy, and I will be good."

　　However, like most students, she still doesn’t know how much her parents know about the real situation of Yuzhang Academy. For the cracks and obsession that can’t disappear in his heart, Chen Yu didn’t tell his parents, "I don’t want to disappoint them, and it’s not easy for them to make money." She will remember that when she was a child, her family was poor, her parents came out of the factory to earn money by doing business, and she was shy, so she was raised in her grandmother’s house.

　　One winter night in childhood, she got out of bed at 3 am and had a premonition that her mother would come to see her. Sure enough, her mother came on a tricycle, but her grandmother preferred sons to daughters and didn’t like the daughter-in-law who gave birth to a daughter. "Don’t bother the child to sleep and hurry." She was lying at the door of the room, saying nothing and not crying.

　　She sometimes thinks that the first half of her life, from campus violence and Yuzhang Academy, has gone off the rails. Before that, she was a little girl who wore a ponytail, played with Moore Manor, took 10 pieces of lunch money from her mother, and became a QQ member and was ecstatic.

　　Now, she seems to have become vicissitudes, and will say, "There are too many dark corners where the sun can’t shine."

　　In Weibo’s private letters, many people sent encouraging messages to Chen Yu or asked her for help. Some people fled from other online schools, trying to expose them, while others complained about the troubles in their youth. A boy with gender cognitive impairment always coughed up blood and lived for 15 years at most. They all told her:

　　"Come on, live well."

　　She wants to live, wait for an answer, and then really come out of Yuzhang Academy. (Reporter Huang Yujie)

Yuzhang Academy is now located in a boarding art school.

　　(The characters Chen Yu, Zhu Ning, Zhang Chen and Si Jia are pseudonyms, and The Paper reporter Zhu Yuanxiang also contributed to this article.)

Original Time School Research Institute Time School is included in the topic # 56 anti-aging substances.

editorial comment/note

Curcumin, which is a’ youth medicine’ and a delicious food, has always had its own place in the anti-aging circle, but it is safe and has no toxic and side effects, but it has not yet been among the top anti-aging products. If you want to listen carefully to the reasons, let’s start with the story of curcumin. ……

Last time, we talked about that a large number of cellular, molecular and clinical studies have proved that curcumin has multiple effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer and anti-microbial (click Review:), but why hasn’t curcumin been licensed and can’t it play a higher role in disease treatment?

Look at people by their character, and look at chemicals by their physical and chemical properties. First of all, we should grasp two characteristics of curcumin: low solubility and unstable chemical properties. Remember these two clues, and the following stories are based on them ~

Low solubility

There is a large hydrophobic region in the molecular structure of curcumin, which determines its basic characteristics of low water solubility. However, there are three hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure, so when the alkalinity is high enough, the charged hydrogen ions will be dissociated, and the curcumin molecule will also be negatively charged, and the water solubility will increase [1]. To put it simply, it is insoluble in water, and the more alkaline it is, the more soluble it is.

instability

Curcumin is a difficult master, and it will change when the environment is a little unsatisfactory. As mentioned above, the greater the alkalinity of the solution, the more curcumin is dissolved, which provides great convenience for the hydrolysis reaction; In addition, curcumin is also easy to occur in the presence of light; What’s more, curcumin may spontaneously oxidize when there is no stimulus! Although so many degradation products have more or less anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, the "periphery" is not as powerful as the "main body" [2].

Then we need to know what curcumin has experienced from eating to discharging, as shown in the following figure [3]:

There are three paths for curcumin to enter digestive tract.

1. In the original form, excreted by feces, jump to the ending 1.

2. After being metabolized by enzymes in digestive tract, it is excreted by feces in the form of metabolites, and jumps to the end 1.

3. Escaped from the clutches of digestive tract enzymes, successfully approached intestinal epithelial cells and entered path B.

There are two ways for curcumin to get close to intestinal epithelial cells.

1. Thrown back to the intestine by the ruthless porters of intestinal epithelial cells, and returned to the path A.

2. Being sent into the blood circulation by the friendly porters of intestinal epithelial cells and entering the path C.

There are two ways for curcumin to reach the liver after it enters the blood circulation.

1. It is metabolized by enzymes in the liver and enters the systemic blood circulation in the form of metabolites, and enters the path D.

2. Escaped from the clutches of liver enzymes, and entered the systemic blood circulation in its original form, and also entered the path D.

After curcumin or its metabolites enter the systemic blood circulation, there are two paths.

1. Enter the kidney with blood, then enter the urine, and pass out of the body with urine, and jump to the end 2.

2. With the distribution of blood to various organs and tissues of the whole body (such as brain, lung, heart, muscle, etc.), it plays an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer role, and jumps to the ending 3.

Obviously, we have high hopes for the ending 3, but how many "difficulties and dangers" does curcumin have to go through to get on this right path? And don’t forget curcumin’s bad temper (low solubility and low stability), so it is even more difficult for it to "survive" success. Therefore, scientists have developed a lot of equipment for curcumin in order to help it succeed.

The role played by these equipments can be summarized as two aspects:

On the one hand, it improves its basic performance (increasing solubility and stability), and on the other hand, it specifically resists "enemy" forces (such as antagonistic cell efflux transporters). The following table is a summary of various methods and principles to improve the absorption and utilization rate of curcumin [3]:

Method type

give an example

principle

Control environmental conditions

Use organic solvents

Increase solubility

Adjust pH

Increase stability

Combined adjuvant

Piperine, catechin, etc.

Inhibition of efflux transporter

Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and gallic acid.

Increase stability and reduce oxidative degradation.

Packaging technology/carrier technology

Micellar, microemulsion, hydrophobic biopolymer particles, liposomes, etc.

Increase dispersibility in water; Isolate water phase to increase stability; Increase the affinity with tissues and cells

In the research of pushing curcumin into clinical application, the obstacles encountered are not only the above physical and chemical characteristics and biological characteristics of curcumin, but also the research itself:

First of all, curcumin used in various studies is actually different. Most crude extracts made from turmeric and even some refined "curcumin" raw materials contain three main compounds: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin, and a few secondary metabolites.

The ratio of curcumin compounds in various "curcumin preparations" is different, and the types of curcumin compounds used in experimental research are also different (pure curcumin is often used in in vitro research and more is artificially synthesized, while the mixture of curcumin compounds is often used in in in vivo research and clinical trials), but curcumin is often used as the active ingredient to evaluate the efficacy. In addition, the dosage form and dosage of curcumin used in each experiment are also different. Therefore, it is difficult to compare the effects of curcumin between different studies, and it is difficult to get a consistent conclusion [5].

///

On the other hand, curcumin is a pan-screening interfering compound, which makes it difficult for researchers to judge whether curcumin plays a role in a certain target.

The so-called pan-screening interfering compounds mean that they do not act on the target target but present a sharply confusing false positive result.

Real drugs can precisely act on specific protein binding sites, thus inhibiting or activating the function of protein. The "false positive compounds" are disguised as drug combinations, and smoke bombs are released in various screening studies. Moreover, curcumin does have a wide range of biological activities, just like an all-round sports fan who can win an excellent participation award in various competitions. Therefore, it is not a simple matter to judge whether curcumin has played a valuable role in some way and can be detected correctly [5].

With this explanation, it seems that curcumin is still far from being used as medicine, but there is no need to worry. The above problems are what scientists are trying to solve.

Last time, I made it clear that clinical studies show that taking curcumin up to 12g per day has no side effects, and the FDA also lists curcumin as a recognized safe food additive. We often eat curry, which is healthy and delicious. Isn’t it delicious? As a dietary supplement, curcumin products can also be eaten.

The following summarizes some kinds of turmeric derivatives in life and their uses [6]:

kind

character

use

Curcuma rhizome (intact)

Orange-brown rhizome (dry)

medicinal

Turmeric powder

Red and yellow powder, made by grinding dried rhizome.

Medicine, spices, dyes, dietary supplements

Turmeric resin

Brown viscous liquid, extracted from roots or leaves.

Medicinal, food colorants, dietary supplements

Ginger butter

Brown oil, extracted from roots or leaves.

Medicine, spices, dietary supplements

Curcumin

Orange-red crystalline powder, extracted and purified from turmeric powder.

Medicinal and dietary supplements

Once again, the content of this article is not used to persuade people to quit. We are just adhering to the consistent style, putting facts and being reasonable! Curry tastes good, so can curcumin ~

references

[1] Bernabé-Pineda M., Ram?rez-Silva M.a.T., Romero-Romo M., González-Vergara E., Rojas-Hernández A. Determination of acidity constants of curcumin in aqueous solution and apparent rate constant of its decomposition. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2004; 60:1091–1097. doi: 10.1016/S1386-1425(03)00342-1.

[2] Priyadarsini KI. The chemistry of curcumin: from extraction to therapeutic agent. Molecules. 2014; 19(12):20091-20112. Published 2014 Dec 1. doi:10.3390/molecules191220091

[3] Zheng B, McClements DJ. Formulation of More Efficacious Curcumin Delivery Systems Using Colloid Science: Enhanced Solubility, Stability, and Bioavailability. Molecules. 2020; 25(12):2791. Published 2020 Jun 17. doi:10.3390/molecules25122791

[4] Xie Tao, Du Guanhua. The pain of Qualcomm’s quantitative screening —— Pan-active screening interfering compounds [J]. Journal of Pharmacy, 2015(08):925-930.

[5] Nelson KM, Dahlin JL, Bisson J, Graham J, Pauli GF, Walters MA. The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Curcumin. J Med Chem. 2017; 60(5):1620-1637. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00975

[6] Li S., Yuan W., Deng G., Wang P., Yang P., Aggarwal B. B. Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Pharmaceutical Crops. 2011; 2(1)

If you have any doubts, ideas, or problems in the field of anti-aging, welcome to discuss them in the comment area!

Original title: "Anti-cancer is short, life expectancy is insufficient, and the anti-aging" new star "curcumin is a complete scam? ! 》

Read the original text

Cctv news There is a warm-hearted landlady in Yanjiao, Hebei Province. Not only did she not raise her rent for five years, but she also helped the tenants who came to work in Beijing to grab tickets during her stay in Spring Festival travel rush. She was called "a good landlord in China" by people around her.

In the rented house in Yanjiao Primary School, the tenants are all migrant workers from Henan, Anhui or Sichuan. They go to Beijing to work during the day and return to Yanjiao to rest at night, which is very hard. Seeing that the Spring Festival is coming, because they don’t know how to buy tickets online, a small ticket makes them worry.

After hearing these things, the enthusiastic landlord and aunt decided to help them buy train tickets for a reunion year. The landlady is over 60 years old. Don’t look at her age. She hasn’t left behind any new technology and gadgets. She never leaves her smartphone, video chats with her son and grandson, makes friends, and grabs red envelopes. It is said that some time ago, double 11 also killed many trophies with her mobile phone.

In order to help migrant workers’ tenants to grab train tickets home, my aunt watched the news all day and searched online for ticket buying strategies. She not only wrote a ticket grabbing tutorial for tenants, but also personally helped to grab tickets. The raiders for grabbing tickets compiled by her detailed the date of grabbing tickets, cross-site ticket purchase, leak-detection skills, precautions and so on.

On the wall of the small courtyard, there is a four-page ticket-grabbing tutorial handwritten by the landlord aunt. At the end of the raiders, there are many things to pay attention to when buying tickets and traveling. It can be said that everything is written clearly. Aunt also provides free WiFi, which can’t be more intimate.

For tenants who don’t have online banking and smart phones, the landlord and aunt also help to grab tickets. Less than 8 o’clock in the morning, the aunt took out a notebook with the tenant’s ID number and ticket purchase information, and quickly used her mobile phone to help migrant workers grab tickets. The "good name" of the landlord’s aunt has spread more and more widely nearby. In addition to her own tenants, there are many migrant workers nearby who come to the door for help. It is said that from the beginning of this year to now, the landlady has helped more than 30 migrant workers buy train tickets to go home.

It is understood that the landlady’s wife died early, and her children and grandchildren immigrated abroad a few years ago. Aunt’s old life is very simple, walking the dog, brushing WeChat and visiting the park. For the matter of helping to grab tickets, the aunt is also very real: "It is not easy for migrant workers to work hard outside. Every day, they earn money and save money in the dark. The children in their old home are looking forward to their going home for the New Year. Nothing is more important than a family reunion! I also try my best to help if I can. "

It is not easy for migrant workers to drift out to work. Fortunately, they can meet such a good landlord and aunt. Although it is only a small train ticket, it is actually a reunion of families and the warmth from this society. Netizens have commented: Aunt is really a clean stream in the landlord world, and she is a good landlord in China! Let’s say thank you to this enthusiastic landlord here!

On January 25th, the Information Office of Hebei Provincial Government held a press conference on "Cultural Activities of Spring Festival in Hebei Province". People’s Network Shangfan photo

People’s Daily Online, Shijiazhuang, January 25th (Shangfan) On the 25th, this website learned from the press conference of "Hebei Spring Festival Cultural Activities" held by Hebei Provincial Government Information Office that during the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong, the Propaganda Department of Hebei Provincial Party Committee, the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, the Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Hebei Radio and Television Station and other units jointly planned more than 100 key cultural activities. Cities and counties in Hebei Province have also planned and identified more than 4,000 cultural activities under the unified deployment of the provincial party committee, which have greatly improved in terms of quality level, rich diversity and extensive participation of the masses.

According to Wang Zhenru, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and director of the Hebei Film Bureau, the Spring Festival cultural activities in Hebei Province will carry out a series of cultural activities such as "watching big exhibitions, catching up with big episodes, listening to big dramas and celebrating the New Year", relying on famous cultural studios to carry out a series of cultural activities that benefit the people and bring culture into thousands of households, further satisfying people’s spiritual needs and enriching people’s cultural life.

A series of cultural activities such as "watching big exhibitions, catching up with big episodes, listening to big dramas and celebrating the New Year" create a happy and peaceful festive atmosphere.

According to reports, Hebei Province will make great efforts to organically combine the Chinese New Year opera performance with the special exhibition of Hebei, the cultural activities of benefiting the people during the Spring Festival, and the cultural gathering of the Spring Festival, which is a major painting department of China in the past dynasties, and make a combination of boxing, so as to promote each activity to take advantage of each other and strive to form a cluster effect.

Continue to hold the "Revision of Canon in the Prosperous Age-Special Exhibition of China Painting Series in Hebei Province". The exhibition was officially launched on January 9. Since its launch, it has been deeply loved by the masses inside and outside the province and widely concerned by the media from all walks of life. Up to now, it has received about 180,000 visitors, with an average daily audience of about 10,000. During the Spring Festival, Hebei Provincial Museum will continue to exhibit and provide better service.

Li Hongtu, Ceng Zhaojuan, Qiu Ruide and other Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei opera masters brought three major dramas, namely, Beijing Opera "The Jade Hairpin", Pingju "Jin ‘e" and Hebei Bangzi "Lotus Lantern", six discount plays starring actors with plum blossom awards in the province, and a famous concert … Hebei Province will continue to carry out the "Ten Major Dramas He Xinchun" series of opera performances, on January 26th. There will also be "2024 Hebei Spring Festival Opera Evening", "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Hebei Bangzi Famous Tickets Concert", "Happy Zhangjiakou Prosperous New Year-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Famous Opera Singing Series Exhibition", Qinhuangdao’s "Good Play" special performance, Cangzhou’s "New Year’s Eve Singing Big Drama" Beijing Opera Ticket Show and other opera performances, and Shijiazhuang No.1 Workers’ Cultural Palace staff Beijing Opera Troupe’s grassroots performances and other activities.

Organize a series of activities of "Shopping for the New Year". The Wanli Temple Pedestrian Street and Qinghe Cashmere Products Market in Shijiazhuang will be linked with the national and provincial tourist and leisure blocks, night culture and tourist consumption gathering areas in the province, and the Hebei New Year gift list will be launched to enrich the people’s New Year life.

Relying on the studio of famous cultural figures to carry out a series of cultural activities to benefit the people and promote the two-way empowerment of famous cultural figures and the people

During the Spring Festival, more than 5,000 famous cultural studios in Hebei Province will continue to be open to the public free of charge, and activities such as calligraphy and painting pen meetings, photo exhibitions, poetry readings, and non-legacy experiences will be held regularly to provide professional and high-quality cultural services for the people, so that the masses can receive cultural edification and enjoy cultural nourishment when they leave their homes after a meal.

Among them, based on the characteristics of different famous studios, all localities have focused on creating and launching the activities of inheriting and exchanging opera culture, such as "Opera fans’ lyrics-walking into famous studios", iron plate embossed Chinese New Year art exhibition, Chinese painting exhibition, Gaoluo concert non-legacy exhibition, folk traditional costume exhibition of "Celebrating the New Year with Art", appreciation meeting of ancient music, literary exhibition of "Famous people accompanying you for the New Year", watercolor painting and pen drawing in Taihang ancient village.

Continue to carry out activities such as "Double Struggle and Self" mass cultural events to build a platform for cultural activities for the masses.

During the Spring Festival, under the guidance of five brand activities: Dancing Hebei, Singing Hebei, Picturing Hebei, Learning Hebei, and Vitality Hebei, all parts of Hebei Province will organize a series of mass cultural performances in Hebei Province, a series of mass cultural evenings of "Flying Jiyi", a short video exhibition of mobile phone photography and self-portrait in Shijiazhuang, an ice dragon boat invitational tournament in Zhangjiakou and a fishing town in Qinhuangdao.

At the same time, museums, libraries and other public cultural institutions around the country will also organize a series of cultural activities that are easy to participate in, such as theme exhibitions, classic readings, and public welfare lectures, and strive to make the masses live a high-quality cultural year.

Extensively carry out a series of cultural activities to provide high-quality cultural products and services for the masses.

During the Spring Festival, with the theme of "Our Chinese Dream" —— Culture Enters Thousands of Families, Hebei Province has extensively carried out a series of cultural activities to benefit the people, and organized literary troupes and cultural units at all levels in the province to carry out more than 1,000 performances, literary counseling and other activities throughout the province in the form of Yanzhao red literary light cavalry, striving to deliver more abundant spiritual and cultural food to the doorstep of the general public.

With "Four Seasons Village Night" as the brand, various folk cultural activities such as temple fairs and community fires are widely carried out in rural grassroots, bringing local folk performances such as dragon dance, lion dance, martial arts, yangko and stilts. All localities and units have created and launched the online exhibition of "Jin Ju Bloom" 2023 Hebei young and middle-aged outstanding acrobatic talents, "Xianglong Narui" Lantern Festival national concert, and "Being Free in the Year of the Loong"

Today (July 13th) morning, the State Council Press Office held a press conference. Li Kuiwen, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs and director of the Statistics and Analysis Department, introduced the import and export situation in the first half of 2022 and answered questions from reporters.

Li Kuiwen said that since the beginning of this year, the state has intensively introduced a number of policies and measures to promote the stability and quality of foreign trade, support enterprises to solve problems, and continuously and effectively stimulate the vitality of foreign trade market players. In the first half of the year, the number of foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance in China increased by 5.5% year-on-year. Among them, the number of private enterprises increased by 6.9%, reaching 425,000, which performed better than the whole. The main features of its import and export are as follows:

First, in terms of development speed, in the first half of the year, the import and export of private enterprises was 9.82 trillion yuan, up by 13.6%, 4.2 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate of the whole country, and the proportion of private enterprises in the total foreign trade increased by 1.9 percentage points to 49.6% compared with the same period of last year, and their position as the largest subject of foreign trade was further consolidated.

Second, in terms of product structure, in the first half of the year, the export of mechanical and electrical products of private enterprises increased by 15.3%, which was 6.7 percentage points higher than the national export growth rate of mechanical and electrical products. Imports of agricultural products, basic organic chemicals, medicinal materials and medicines increased by 6.4%, 14% and 33.1% respectively, which were higher than the import growth rate of similar products in China.

Third, in terms of market development, in the first half of the year, while maintaining growth in the import and export of traditional markets such as the United States, Europe, South Korea and Japan, private enterprises accelerated the development of emerging markets. The import and export of ASEAN, Latin America and Central Asia increased by 20.5%, 16.4% and 53.3% respectively, and the growth rate was higher than the overall national level.

In the first half of the year, China’s foreign trade can achieve steady growth, and an important support is the effective stimulation of the vitality of various foreign trade market players. Around the main body of the market, the customs has introduced ten measures to promote the stability and quality of foreign trade. Recently, the customs has specially studied and introduced seven measures to further help enterprises to help them out and reduce costs, mainly including: for those who are unable to pay taxes on time and pay back taxes within the prescribed time limit due to operational difficulties caused by the epidemic, the late payment fee can be reduced or exempted; Cancel the third-party inspection requirements for enterprises to apply for exemption from customs duties and import link taxes for returned goods; Exempting enterprises from handling quarantine licenses for imported fruits and providing proof materials of storage places; Simplify the inspection requirements for imported coatings, and no longer check the Paint Record Certificate; Adjust and optimize the inspection requirements for imported crude oil and coal.

In the next step, the customs will pay close attention to the implementation of various policies and measures to help enterprises solve problems and make every effort to promote the stability and quality of foreign trade. (Headquarters reporter Sun Shuwen, Kong Lingwen, Liang Jiahui)

Recently, the central government has repeatedly stressed that the effectiveness of policies should be fully released to accelerate the expansion of effective demand. What is the current domestic effective demand? How to comprehensively implement policies to expand effective demand?

Faced with the problem of insufficient demand, how to exert macro-policies has attracted much attention. Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, held at the end of July this year, demanded that macro policies should be active in expanding demand.

In terms of fiscal policy, since the beginning of this year, special bonds, large-scale tax rebates and other policy tools have played an important role. Recently, the executive meeting of the State Council has made continuous arrangements to fully release the effectiveness of policies, accelerate the expansion of effective demand, and promote investment with consumption to increase employment.

Make good use of special debt limit

The the State Council executive meeting held on August 31st emphasized that "at the critical juncture of economic recovery, it is very important to speed up the effectiveness of the release policy".

"Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party and the recent the State Council executive meeting have deployed relevant measures to increase fiscal policy to support the real economy and stabilize aggregate demand, including making full use of special debt balance limits, stimulating infrastructure and stimulating consumption." Luo Zhiheng, chief economist of Yuekai Securities and president of the research institute, believes that from the macro perspective, a series of deployments are mainly intended to promote the recovery of demand as soon as possible, stabilize the economic market and promote employment stability.

Special bonds play an important role in stimulating effective investment and stabilizing macroeconomic operation. Statistics show that by the end of August, a total of 3.52 trillion yuan of special bonds had been issued, and the amount used for project construction has basically been issued, much ahead of previous years. At the same time, new infrastructure and new energy projects will be included in the key support scope of special bonds, so as to give full play to the role of special bonds in promoting the expansion of effective investment.

The effect of special bonds in stimulating investment is obvious. In the first seven months of this year, various localities have arranged more than 250 billion yuan of special bond funds for major projects such as railways, toll roads, trunk airports, etc., and actively played the role of instigating government investment.

On August 24th, the the State Council executive meeting made arrangements to make good use of the local balance limit of more than 500 billion yuan of special bonds in accordance with the law, and the issuance was completed before the end of October.

Li Xuhong, director of the Institute of Finance and Taxation Policy and Application of Beijing National Accounting Institute, believes that there is a great potential for investment demand in China at present. As a positive fiscal policy, special bonds will play a leading role in investment and effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of social investment. "In the second half of the year, local governments should revitalize the quota space of local special debts according to law, continue to promote investment in infrastructure construction, and give play to the multiplier effect of government investment to expand reproduction and expand new investment space." Li Xuhong said.

"This year, affected by the real estate market, the income from land transfer has also been affected, and the overall financial pressure is greater than in previous years. Using the special debt limit can appropriately alleviate the financial pressure in some areas and promote infrastructure. However, it should be noted that the geographical distribution of the difference between the limit and the balance of special debt is not balanced. To play a role, it is necessary to make great efforts in project reserve and screening. " Luo Zhiheng said.

Promote enterprises to expand investment.

Although the epidemic has had a great impact on the market in recent years, the workshop of Zhejiang Xinjin Air Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd. is still producing at full capacity, and the products continue to sell well. Fan Aisong, the person in charge of the company, said that through digital transformation, the company has realized the supervision of the whole process of product production and opened up a new world in the market.

Behind the enterprise’s full efforts to carry out scientific research and development and investment, the tax preferential policy dividend is indispensable. "This year alone, the company received more than 3 million yuan in tax refund for retention and export, which provided strong support for enterprises to expand their scale." Fan Aisong said that the company will use this fund to introduce new energy fully automatic valve production lines and strive to build a leading manufacturer of air conditioning assemblies for new energy vehicles in the industry.

Since the beginning of this year, China has implemented a new combined tax and fee support policy, such as a large-scale value-added tax refund policy, which has effectively helped enterprises to solve problems. Statistics show that as of August 31, the cumulative increase in tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund and tax deferral in China exceeded 3.3 trillion yuan. Among them, from April 1st to August 31st, the large-scale VAT tax refund policy was implemented, and 2,049 billion yuan of tax refund has been returned to the taxpayer’s account. Together with the 123.3 billion yuan of the previous tax refund policy, a total of 2,172.3 billion yuan of tax refund has been returned to the taxpayer’s account.

Policies such as large-scale value-added tax refund have played an active role in effectively guiding social expectations, stimulating the vitality of market players and helping to stabilize the macro-economic market. At the same time, it will send "real money and silver" to enterprises, so that enterprises can have more investment motivation. According to the data of the VAT invoice, in the second quarter, the equipment investment of manufacturing enterprises that applied for tax refund increased by 11.9% year-on-year, which was 9.5 percentage points higher than that of enterprises without tax refund.

Li Xuhong analyzed that a series of combined tax and fee support policies have many types, large scale and wide coverage, which have effectively played the role of countercyclical adjustment and increased corporate cash flow, which is conducive to opening up corporate capital blocking points, stimulating corporate investment demand and enhancing market participants’ investment expectations.

In addition to the value-added tax deduction, this year’s combined tax and fee support policy also includes increasing the deduction ratio of R&D expenses of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises to 100%, exempting small-scale taxpayers from value-added tax in stages, continuing to implement tax reduction and fee reduction policies to support manufacturing, small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, and gradually delaying social security fees to expand the scope. It is estimated that the annual tax refund and tax reduction will be about 2.64 trillion yuan.

Recently, the Ministry of Finance issued the Report on the Implementation of China’s Fiscal Policy in the First Half of 2022. When looking forward to the fiscal policy in the second half of the year, it was clearly proposed to continue to implement various combined tax and fee support policies and continuously release policy dividends.

"In the next stage, the tax and fee support policy will further improve the accuracy of support, continue to help market players to bail out development, and the driving effect on enterprises to expand investment will be more obvious." Li Xuhong said.

Enhance residents’ consumption power

500,000 yuan in April, 800,000 yuan in May, 960,000 yuan in June and 1.1 million yuan in July … In recent months, the turnover of Donghua Hotel in Luoyang, Henan Province, a century-old shop, has gradually increased.

"This year, we enjoyed a series of preferential tax policies, such as property tax and land use tax reduction, as well as value-added tax plus deduction, which effectively reduced the operating pressure, and then carried out various preferential activities, such as recharging packages and sending cash coupons to stores, which stimulated the enthusiasm of consumers and the business situation obviously picked up." Gu Gang, deputy general manager of the restaurant, said.

The implementation of the combined tax and fee support policy will promote the development of enterprises’ bail-out on the one hand and promote residents’ consumption on the other. Statistics in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China show that as of July 20th, tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund and tax deferral in difficult industries such as retail, catering, tourism, transportation, etc. which are greatly affected by the epidemic have increased by 542.8 billion yuan. According to the data of VAT invoice, the sales revenue of wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering industry and transportation industry in June increased by 7.5, 19.1 and 5.8 percentage points respectively compared with May.

At the same time, the tax policy also strongly supports the steady increase of mass consumption such as automobiles, boosting the release of domestic demand potential. At the end of May, the State Council made it clear that the purchase tax on some passenger cars would be reduced by stages. For passenger cars with a displacement of 2.0 liters or less whose purchase date is from June 1 to December 31, 2022 and the bicycle price does not exceed 300,000 yuan, the vehicle purchase tax will be reduced by half to boost automobile consumption. This policy is expected to reduce the tax by 60 billion yuan.

The exemption of new energy vehicles from vehicle purchase tax policy also attracts consumers’ attention and stimulates the consumption potential of new energy vehicles. The reporter learned from State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China that from January to July this year, new energy vehicles were exempted from vehicle purchase tax of 40.68 billion yuan, up 108.5% year-on-year, of which 7.17 billion yuan was exempted from vehicle purchase tax in July, up 119.1% year-on-year. According to the data of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, from January to July this year, the sales volume of new energy vehicles reached 3.194 million, a year-on-year increase of 1.2 times.

On August 18th, the executive meeting of the State Council decided to continue to implement the vehicle purchase tax exemption policy for new energy vehicles until the end of 2023. This is the third time that China has continued to implement the tax exemption policy for new energy vehicles since it was first implemented in 2014. It is estimated that the tax exemption will be increased by 100 billion yuan.

"Compared with the same period of last year, the sales revenue of our company’s new energy vehicles has increased by over 40 million yuan this year, with a year-on-year increase of nearly 120%. The continued implementation of preferential tax policies has injected new impetus into the market." Li Xuemei, the person in charge of Hengsi Automobile Sales Co., Ltd. in Suining City, Sichuan Province, said that some hot-selling new energy vehicles have even been pre-ordered for delivery, and more than 100 vehicles have been booked in early August alone. The sales volume of the traditional gold consumption season in the automobile market is expected to maintain rapid growth in September.

"In the next step, we should continue to do a good job in promoting investment and promoting the implementation of consumption fiscal policies, and form a joint force of diversified fiscal policies. Strengthen the linkage between fiscal and monetary policies, support the implementation of policy-oriented development financial instruments, make up for the current lack of investment and consumer demand, and achieve the comprehensive effect of expanding effective investment, driving employment and promoting consumption. " Li Xuhong said. (Reporter Zeng Jinhua)

Prosecutors teach legal knowledge in interaction with classmates.

The prosecutor used the case interpretation method to guide the students to learn how to respect the law.

Students actively participated in mock trial activities, and the atmosphere was warm.

In order to enhance minors’ awareness and ability of self-protection and spend the winter vacation and Spring Festival safely, Dongping County Procuratorate of Shandong Province recently jointly launched a series of activities of "12355 Youth Self-protection and Safe Spring Festival" with relevant departments.

During the activity, the hospital and the county public security bureau jointly carried out surprise inspections and investigations on the reception of minors in accommodation places, arranged the accommodation situation, and checked whether hotels, hotels and other accommodation places strictly implemented the mandatory reporting system and the "five musts" for the reception of minors according to the registration information and computer input. The prosecutor also explained the contents of the occupancy regulations and mandatory reporting system in the Law on the Protection of Minors and the legal consequences of failure to implement them, guiding them to further improve their sense of social responsibility and industry self-discipline.

At the same time, the prosecutor of Qingling in the hospital also used multimedia presentations, interactive questions and answers, mock trial and other methods to educate and guide students to firmly establish a sense of cherishing life and safety first, and combined with real cases, explained how to prevent criminal acts that infringe on teenagers’ physical and mental health and legitimate rights and interests, such as sexual assault and school bullying, and guided them to strengthen the concept of the rule of law and protect them according to law.Our reporter Guo Shuhe Correspondent JUNG WOO photo

(Original title: Safe Spring Festival)

　　Chinanews. com, September 23 rd, today, a paragraph about "guangzhou city construction college Security ‘ Catch ’ The video of "takeaway" spread on the Internet, causing social concern. Guangzhou city construction college responded in his official Weibo that the students had not suffered any injuries, and the school had warned and criticized the inappropriate behavior of the security guards.

　　According to the information released by guangzhou city construction college, from September 11th, sophomores and juniors of this school will return to school in batches and by stages according to the relevant regulations of their superiors and the school. In order to ensure the health and food safety of students returning to school, the school clearly informs students not to leave school unless necessary (those who really need to leave school should report to the counselor), and prohibits the delivery of take-away food and take-away food from entering the campus. Since the students returned to school, there has been no food safety accident in the school.

　　The school said that at 12 noon that day, a boy took a takeaway from the top of the school wall. After the security guard found it, he stepped forward to dissuade him, and the students ran to the teaching building with the takeaway. In this process, the security guards are chasing. It is understood that this student did not have any injury from beginning to end during the running process.

　　The school said that the school had reminded and criticized the inappropriate behavior of the security guards.

Guangzhou city construction college official Weibo screenshot

　　　　I. The Life of Marx and Engels and Their Press and Publication Activities
　　　　
　　　　Karl Marx (May 5, 1818—March 14, 1883) was born in Teller, an ancient city in southwest Germany. His father was an enlightened lawyer and his mother was a Dutch Jew. He graduated from the Law Department of the University of Berlin in 1841, and received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena in the same year. Friedrich engels (1820.11.28-1895.8.5) was born in Bamen, a small town in western Germany (now included in Wuppertal). My father is an apprentice textile industrialist. Without graduating from high school, I went to a business as an apprentice and taught myself. Worked as an artillery in Berlin for two years from 1841 to 1842. From 1850 to 1870, he was a merchant in Manchester, England.
　　　　
　　　　"Rheinische Zeitung", founded by Marx, was actually the editor-in-chief in the later period (1842-1843), and Engels was the correspondent of the newspaper. New Rheinische Zeitung and New Rheinische Zeitung Review were founded by Marx and Engels, with Marx as the editor-in-chief (1848-1849 and 1850) and Engels as the main editor. New york Daily Tribune, written by Marx and Engels in 1851-1862; The New Encyclopedia of America was written by Marx and Engels in 1860-1861. They wrote articles for more than 200 newspapers and periodicals, and about 1500 newspapers and periodicals were mentioned in their works, of which The Times mentioned about 1000 times. 12 newspapers and periodicals founded or edited. I have planned to set up publishing houses and news agencies many times.
　　　　
　　　　Second, Marx and Engels’ communication and news thoughtsThe concept of "world communication"
　　　　
　　　　Marx and Engels were expelled by reactionaries from all over the world and finally fled to Britain to settle down. Therefore, we say that Marx and Engels have no motherland and are citizens of the world. Just because they are citizens of the world, they have a vision beyond national boundaries that other revolutionaries do not have to discuss the development of the whole mankind. In this case, Mann was able to observe from the highest angle.
　　　　
　　　　At that time, the industrial revolutionary society was in a period of high tide. At that time, Marx predicted that the future society had four characteristics. The first feature is that the world’s production structure will change in the future, with information and service industries as the mainstay. This society is our present information society. Second, the labor structure of the future society will change. This sign is that manual labor will no longer be the mainstay, but intellectual labor will be the mainstay. Even at that time, Marx imagined that industry was to operate machines in a small room and then direct the whole production process. There is no one in this production process, and there is a certain distance between people and the production process. This machine is our computer now. Third, the structure of social resources will be based on information and knowledge. At that time, there were two main social resource structures: one was coal mine, the other was energy, and the other was the main raw material for cotton, light industry and heavy industry. At that time, Marx predicted that the resource structure of the future society is mainly information and knowledge, and that is our present society. There is also a fourth feature, that is, it is no longer the administrative organization that occupies the center of society, but the scientific organization and decision-making organization. That is to say, knowledge is dominant and think tanks are dominant. Intellectuals are actually the backbone of society. Now we are watching George W. Bush and Blair, which are very beautiful on TV. In fact, it is the think tank behind them that really determines the leadership level of a country.
　　　　
　　　　Marx’s understanding of electronic media (mainly telegrams at that time) can be summed up as: destroying space with time. The only electronic media in the period of Marx and Engels was the telegraph, which was invented in 1844. When the first experiment was successful, the first sentence sent was "What did God create? God created human wisdom. " In 1847, when the telegraph was invented for several years before it was applied to society, Marx and Engels wrote it into one of the great representatives of productive forces created by the bourgeoisie, and they attached great importance to it. A few years later, the telegraph began to spread in Europe, and it was Marx who first reported the popularity of the telegraph in Britain and sent it as a message. Moreover, Marx said that the telegraph has turned the whole of Europe into a stock exchange, and railways and ships have expanded the means of communication and the possibility of exchange by a hundred times. This passage makes it easy for us to think of McLuhan’s words, which are completely consistent with McLuhan’s thoughts. McLuhan regards the whole earth as a global village, while Marx regards the whole Europe as a stock exchange. Why? Because Marx saw the telegram, which just appeared at that time.
　　　　
　　　　By the time of McLuhan, the information dissemination technology was quite developed. At that time, there were two sources of economic crisis in the world, one was the United States and the other was India. Because the industrial center and political center at that time were Britain, the one-month voyage from Britain to the United States and the three-month voyage from Britain to India had to bypass the Cape of Good Hope. At that time, information transmission was very difficult, so many problems appeared. The biggest problem was the worldwide economic crisis, which often broke out because of the lack of information communication. Engels said that since the telegraph appeared, 90 percent of the world economic crisis has been eliminated. Because before the telegraph, for example, Britain needed cotton, and this message finally reached India, which desperately produced cotton. It has experienced a long time difference. Finally, cotton was produced and shipped to Britain, and suddenly there was a surplus of cotton, and a global economic crisis broke out. With the telegraph, we can cross mountains and rivers in a few seconds. So Marx summed up a passage, what is the nature of telegraph? Is to shorten the space with time. All electronic media in our school now have this feature. This will turn the world into a global village.
　　　　
　　　　Third, in the 19th century, the communication between people and people, between nations, was very frequent. Our textbooks generally say that a certain country invaded us. If the missionaries from that country came to that country, it would be aggression and cultural aggression. This statement can’t be wrong, it’s a matter of perspective. Then let’s look at it from another perspective. At that time, Marx and Engels mentioned the exchanges between many European countries and third world countries. At that time, we thought differently from what we think now. For example, there was a war between the United States and Mexico, so it was a sentence that the United States invaded Mexico, but Engels said so. In America, we were very happy to see Mexico conquered by another country. This country has always been immersed in internal affairs, and it has been torn apart in the long-term civil war and lost all possibilities for development. Now it is forced to be involved in the historical movement, and it is in its development interest that Mexico will be under the guardianship of the United States. What’s the harm of getting rich California out of Mexico, which has no effect on her? What’s wrong with the energetic Americans fully exploiting the Jinsha mine there, increasing the means of circulation, concentrating the dense population along the Pacific coast in a short time, developing extensive trade, establishing several big cities, opening up ship traffic, and laying a railway from new york to San Francisco, so as to make the Pacific truly contact with modern civilization for the first time, and opening up a new direction for human trade for the third time in history?
　　　　
　　　　After more than 150 years of proof, Engels’ words are completely correct. The land that once belonged to Mexico has become the richest place in the world. People all over the world want to run to that place. So that the United States built a long and long border wall on the Mexican border to prevent others from running there. This is the progress of mankind, not just the progress of the United States. In this sense, Marx and Engels stood higher than others. The same idea is also suitable for the relationship between the west and the east. In some of Marne’s books, it is mentioned that Britain invaded India, and Britain opened the door to China. It was very cruel for them to sneak into these countries, and at the same time, they thought that these invaders objectively played a role in spreading civilization.
　　　　
　　　　Understanding of news1. Changes generate news.
　　　　
　　　　In our textbooks, the definition of news generally adopts the report that Lu Dingyi’s news is a recent fact, but we know that 99% of the recent facts have no news value and it is impossible to report them all. So what is news? Marx said that changes produce news, and the fact that the cycle is repeated has no news value, only the fact that changes break the routine has news value.
　　　　
　　　　2. News changes at different levels.
　　　　
　　　　Marx mentioned that news has high season and low season, but the media have to publish news every day, which creates a new phenomenon. The headlines of newspapers sometimes know some news with low news value. Sometimes when major news comes out, relatively minor news can’t even be arranged on the page. At that time, a series of revolutions took place in the European continent in the 19th century, and a good newspaper like The Times appeared, which often reported some important news. Without these important news, The Times would be reluctant. Marx once said, without the French Revolution, the German uprising, the Italian uprising, the Hungarian war, the French shooting and the hanging in Austria, The Times had to live on the inferior goods in Smithfield market every day, the smoky and muddy roads in London, the rough coachman’s six bridges on the Thames, the vulgar cemetery infected with plague in the urban area, the disaster on the railway, the dirty mud and the fake scales in the London shopping mall and so on.
　　　　
　　　　At that time, how unfortunate the Times will be! This passage is actually about the level of news, hard news, Italian riots, French revolution, these major events will definitely be the front page once they happen. But these things can’t always happen. What do you usually do? Only by those trivial social news. This situation is also very common in our modern newspapers, but sometimes we don’t do important news because of some problems in our values. For example, after the 911 incident, almost all the headlines in the world reported on the incident. On September 12, The New York Times used 28 editions of the news page, of which 27 editions contained only one piece of news, namely the 911 incident, and the last edition was an advertisement. In The New York Times, 40% of the advertisements are in the news pages. Why is this day handled like this? It is because it knows that this matter is too important. Only the People’s Daily in China, the front page headline is the news that Jiang Zemin is holding the torch and a relay race has started. The 911 report was put on the front page, and it was reported by President Jiang Zemin’s letter to the President of the United States. Even the picture of two skyscrapers being crashed by planes didn’t make the front page.
　　　　
　　　　3. News timeliness.
　　　　
　　　　Needless to say, news is effective. Everyone knows that news can’t be effective. Take a passage from Marx, which was said in the editorial No.179 of the first article written by Marx on October 15, 1842, the first day when he was editor-in-chief, and compared the differences between philosophy and newspapers at that time. He said that philosophy is to sit on the sofa and think about some strange problems. Newspapers are always ready for battle and enthusiastic about sensational current problems that need to be reported urgently. This is the general nature of newspapers. If you want to do newspaper work, you should always pay attention to the outside, and you don’t know when or what will happen. It’s been more than 150 years, and then watch our TV and our newspaper. The news is flying all over the sky a few days ago. The news of the other day is the news before today. What era have we entered, and our media is still the news a few days ago? Even if we shouldn’t do this to history, today’s news is tomorrow’s history. We must be responsible for history when writing, even if it is late, you can honestly write down the date and month.
　　　　
　　　　4. The news is true.
　　　　
　　　　Our textbook says that truth is the life of news. This is a cliche. In fact, we journalists all know that news can’t be completely true. Why? Because we asked to report it at the first time, can you make it clear? But it must be reported. So Marx compared this metaphor to an organic movement called newspaper. Organic is indivisible and continuous. This is the way newspaper works. After an incident, the first report has errors, and the subsequent continuous reports naturally correct the previous errors. This is not the fault of the newspaper, it is the professional feature of the newspaper. The final report should be completely true. If the final report is not true, it is a mistake of the newspaper. We have a problem now. Our continuous report is wrong in the front and has not been corrected in the later report. At present, only a few newspapers have more genuine editions, namely Manfang Metropolis Daily and Beijing News. A more genuine version like The New York Times is in the second edition.
　　　　
　　　　5. "Newspapers are the necessary means of livelihood for workers."
　　　　
　　　　When we study Marx and Engels’ thoughts, we always say that economic partisanship is the basic nature of newspapers. But we ignore that newspapers are the necessary means of livelihood for workers. This is from the perspective of people. People are different from animals and need spirit, while newspapers provide spirit. In this sense, Marx once said that the newspaper at that time was not a workers’ newspaper, but a casual newspaper at that time. In today’s peaceful times, it is still very important for newspapers to provide people with means of subsistence.
　　　　
　　　　Party newspaper thought
　　　　
　　　　"What is the task of the party journal? The first is to organize discussions, demonstrate, expound and defend the party’s demands, and refute and overthrow the delusions and judgments of hostile parties. " This passage is from the Complete Works of Engels and has been quoted by many people before and after. First of all, this party is not a workers’ party, but a petty bourgeoisie party in Germany. It is not a party magazine but a leaflet. Engels criticized others for not propagating, and the leaflets were divorced from reality. Now let’s make it clear that the organizational structure of the party in Engels’ period was different from that of today. At that time, there were only dozens to hundreds of people at the core of the party. Party member, on the other hand, recorded the number of people who voted for this party in the general election, so the number was extremely large. Therefore, the organizational structure at that time was more loose and open, and it was not as strict as it is now.
　　　　
　　　　Marx and Engels’ working principles on the organ of Marxist workers’ political party are actually two. The first is that the party’s leading bodies, editorial departments and publishing houses of party newspapers should follow the "spirit of the party". The second point is that the Central Executive Committee of the Party "has the responsibility to supervise the principled position of the Party newspaper. The spirit of the party mainly refers to the program and articles of association resolutions adopted by the party congress. Marx and Engels believed that both the party’s leading bodies and the editorial department of the party newspaper would make mistakes, so they should follow one common thing, that is, the spirit of the party. Under this condition, there is another question. What is the relationship between the central organ of the Party and the editorial department of the newspaper? According to the regulations of party constitution at that time, the Central Executive Committee had the responsibility to supervise the principled position of party newspapers. Supervision, not leadership; Stand in principle, not report everything. In 1891, the central theoretical journal of the then German Social Democratic Party was called "New Era", which published Marx’s legacy, "Critique of the Geda Program", involving some party leaders who were still in power at that time. These leaders were very unhappy and announced that they would check "New Times". Engels wrote several letters after hearing about it, saying that trees can’t grow too high, which means don’t go too far.
　　　　
　　　　Iii. Lenin’s life and publishing activities
　　　　
　　　　Lenin was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on April 22nd, 1870. Lenin’s original name was Vladimir ilych Ulyanov, and Lenin was a pseudonym. His father Ilya nikolayevich Ulyanov is the director of national education in Simbilsk province, and his mother Maria Alexandrovna is the daughter of a rural doctor. She has only received family education, but she is qualified as a primary school teacher, has read many books, is versatile and is good at foreign languages and music. Lenin also had a sister and a brother. His brother participated in the assassination of Tsar Alexander in 1887 and was arrested and sentenced to hang.
　　　　
　　　　Lenin read through Das Kapital when he was fifteen and became a Marxist. In 1887, he entered the law department of Kazan University, and was expelled in the second year because of his revolutionary activities in the school. Self-study for four years. In December 1891, he passed the qualification examination for off-campus students and obtained the first-class diploma from the Law Department of Petersburg University. Moved to Petersburg in 1893. In 1895, the working class struggle association was founded. He was arrested in 1896 and exiled to Siberia. In exile, I met Crusca, a female revolutionary who was exiled with him, and fell in love and got married. Crusca can be said to be Lenin’s assistant, and she knows Lenin very well. Lenin met a very beautiful Boer Schewick member Inasha Armand in 1910. They fell in love at first sight and lived together. Among Lenin’s preserved letters, the most were addressed to her, totaling 125 letters, from 1898 to 1920. Lenin’s complete works in the second edition received 111 letters, and the addendum in the first volume received 14 letters.
　　　　
　　　　Lenin founded many newspapers in his life, about forty kinds. Because czarist Russia was a highly centralized country, there were policemen everywhere, so the time of newspaper publication was generally short. Unlike Marx and Engels, who lived in Britain, where the press was free, Lenin’s tsarist Russia was a country with no freedom at all, so everything Lenin wrote was written for party newspapers and magazines, and there were rules in the party that it was not allowed to be given to non-party newspapers and magazines. One more thing, Lenin’s writing is all political opinions, and he has never written news. Therefore, Lenin only has the thought of party newspaper, but not news. But there is a newsletter in his newspaper.
　　　　
　　　　There are two most important representative newspapers in which Lenin participated. The first is the Old Mars. In March 1898, the first congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party formulated the Workers’ Newspaper as the party’s organ newspaper. But within a few days, all the people involved in the party building work were arrested and the editorial department of the Workers’ Daily was destroyed. Lenin’s three articles for the Workers’ Daily were not discovered in the police station until after the victory of the revolution in 1917. Later, Lenin made up his mind to rebuild the newspaper. In 1900, Lenin Publishing Co-founded Old Mars with the Labor Liberation Society, with Lenin and plekhanov as editors-in-chief. Its main business is that Lenin is in charge and co-edited 52 issues. The main function of "Old Mars" is to connect the national Marxist groups in series through the publication of the newspaper and the correspondent system of the newspaper, thus convening the second party congress.
　　　　
　　　　Another newspaper founded by Lenin is also very famous, Pravda. Pravda was founded by Lenin in Petersburg on May 5, 1912. Therefore, May 5th is the publishing festival of the former Soviet Union. Lenin could not return to China, so he moved to Krakow, the nearest Polish city to Petersburg, to remotely control the newspaper. Lenin published articles in newspapers almost every day, from 1912 to 1914. In 1914, due to the outbreak of World War I, the newspaper was forced to stop publishing. During this period, it was repeatedly interfered by tsarist Russia. This newspaper was reissued in March after the victory of the revolution in February 1917. Pravda is the designated organ of the Russian Socialist Workers’ Party (Boer Schewick). The Russian Socialist Workers’ Party (Boer Schewick) was renamed Russian communist party (Boer Schewick) in 1918, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics communist party (Boer Schewick) in 1925, the Soviet Union communist party in 1953 and the Soviet Union communist party in 1991.
　　　　
　　　　Fourth, Lenin’s thought of party newspapers and periodicals1. Party spirit of the Party’s publications
　　　　
　　　　The concept of party spirit was put forward by Lenin. In 1898-1903, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (the predecessor of communist party in the Soviet Union) did not have a central leading body of the party, and Marxist groups in various places acted on their own, resulting in the indifference of the "party" consciousness. At that time, in 1904, the Tsar was in a critical moment, Tsarist Russia was defeated, and there were many domestic crises. As an opposition party, this was a very good opportunity, but the Democratic Party was in a mess. Lenin was very anxious and put forward a slogan: change from group habits to party spirit. In other words, the opposite of party spirit is group habits. As a member of a party, we must have the principles of the party and the concept of the whole party. Lenin himself was an intellectual, and naturally wanted freedom and didn’t want to be controlled, but Lenin was also the leader of the party, so Lenin himself was very contradictory. At that time, Lenin looked at it from the standpoint of the party. The leader of Meng Er Schewick looked at the problem from the standpoint of intellectuals and advocated freedom. This incident also caused a struggle between the two factions.
　　　　
　　　　So what is party spirit? This is a very empty concept. Lenin laid down three standards to measure party spirit. The first is the party’s program. That is, behavior and speech should conform to the party’s program. Second, the party’s constitution. It is the principle of organization, because there are always certain procedures in an organization, otherwise it will not be called an organization. Third, the party’s strategic decision. What are we going to do in the near future and what is our central task. It was also passed by everyone with their hands raised. This standard is very high. Lenin said that publications (including party newspapers, party journals, publishing houses, printing houses, libraries and newsstands, etc.) should follow the principle of party spirit and are the gears and screws of the whole social democratic machine.
　　　　
　　　　All of the above are conceptually. Organizationally, party newspapers, party journals, publishing houses, printing houses, libraries and even writers themselves must join a party organization and accept the leadership of the corresponding organization. This was severely criticized at that time, because most of the party newspapers, journals, publishing houses, printing houses and libraries were owned by party member. They stressed that these things are mine, not the party’s. Lenin stressed that I admit that these things are yours, and I don’t want to deprive you of ownership, but your identity is party member, and these people are well-known in society and are all intellectuals. Everyone in the society knows that you are party member and think that what you say is what the party says. In this sense, the party newspapers, journals, publishing houses, printing houses and libraries you run should also be included in this organization. This is also a requirement of the principle of party spirit.
　　　　
　　　　2. Lenin’s thought of freedom of the press
　　　　
　　　　We now think that the socialist idea of freedom of the press means that communist party led the people to overthrow the reactionaries, confiscated the publishing houses and printing houses of the big bourgeoisie, and communist party published newspapers on behalf of the people. That’s what we do now. But in fact, Lenin did not think so. Lenin was a very extensive democratic practice. Forty days before the victory of the October Revolution, on September 28th, 1917, Lenin published an article in Pravda, the then central organ newspaper, entitled "On constitutional conference’s Success (Freedom of the Press)". This article is devoted to freedom of the press. Lenin mentioned in his article that our revolution will soon win. After the victory, we in communist party will first overthrow the bourgeoisie and confiscate the publishing houses and printing houses of the big bourgeoisie. The key is what to do after confiscation? Lenin said that the state should be given first, and the political power belongs to the people. Secondly, it is given to the big party (plural) that won 100,000-200,000 votes in the two capitals. Third, given a certain number of citizen groups (for example, more than 10,000 people), they should also have freedom of the press and should be allocated paper and printing equipment.
　　　　
　　　　On the second day after the victory of the revolution, Lenin drafted a resolution on publication, followed by brackets: for example, more than 100 thousand people. In order to prevent others from taking advantage of loopholes. Because seven or eight people are also groups, and tens of thousands of people are also groups, it is impossible to distribute paper and printing equipment equally. Lenin’s thoughts are actually influenced by western democratic thoughts. After Lenin went abroad in 1900, he lived in Britain, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Poland and Finland. He made full use of the freedom of the press and the freedom of the press in western countries. Lenin’s activity experience determined his ideological democratization. However, after returning to Russia, Russia is a highly feudal and centralized country, and it has to be autocratic, so Lenin is also very contradictory in this respect. Therefore, after the October Revolution, there were activities to seal up newspapers and periodicals, and many people were worried that it would undermine the freedom of the press. When Lenin announced the announcement, he promised that "once the new order is consolidated, all administrative measures that are not conducive to newspapers and periodicals will be abolished. According to the most extensive and progressive provisions in this regard, the press will be fully free within the scope of being responsible for the law." That is to say, news management is not ruled by man but by law. But Lenin’s idea didn’t come true. The reason is that Lenin neglected that Russia is a highly feudal and centralized country. Once in power, it was ruled by three parties, namely, Boer Schewick Party, Meng Schewick Party and Social Revolutionary Party, which Lenin called socialist parties. But none of these three parties wants multi-party governance, but one-party dictatorship. All three parties can publish very freely,This situation ended at the end of 1918, leaving only the Boer Schewick Party. This ending was unexpected by Lenin, so the situation envisioned by Lenin only lasted for half a year. After the implementation of the new economic policy, more than 400 kinds of private newspapers appeared in Soviet Russia. Lenin was in poor health at this time. He did not object to these newspapers, but just wanted to standardize the supervision policy.
　　　　
　　　　3. Lenin on the tasks of Soviet newspapers and periodicals
　　　　
　　　　Lenin put forward two important points:
　　　　
　　　　A. Set an example of a model labor commune: "We can and will be able to make the example power become an example of a labor organization that is moral first and compulsory second in the new Soviet Russia." We should set an example and set an example of an advanced commune, which is compulsory rather than voluntary.
　　　　
　　　　B. set up a "black list" in newspapers and periodicals. Blacklist is equivalent to the supervision of public opinion, and a column is set up to criticize backwardness.
　　　　
　　　　The background of his proposal is that the compulsory labor commune system, that is, the communist experiment, was implemented in March 1918, requiring everyone to participate in the labor commune, canceling commodity exchange, actually canceling currency, gradually eliminating family labor, and implementing public canteens. On this basis, newspapers also abolished the purchase system and promoted the distribution system, which Lenin thought was a step towards communism. At that time, Lenin’s understanding of newspapers and periodicals was obviously wrong. He also said: "Let the so-called daily news materials in our newspapers and periodicals be reduced to one tenth (if it can be reduced to one percent, it would be better), and let those newspapers and periodicals that introduce the exemplary deeds of a few advanced labor communes in China widely sell hundreds or millions!" Newspapers praise the advanced.
　　　　
　　　　Fortunately, Lenin realized his mistakes in time and corrected them. From the end of 1920 to the beginning of 1921, Lenin admitted his mistakes, canceled the communist experiment, implemented the new economic policy, resumed commodity exchange and currency, and resumed the subscription system of newspapers and periodicals. During the period of new economic policy, hundreds of private publishing houses and newspapers appeared, but disappeared after 1925. In March 1922, he opposed the adoption of a resolution prohibiting Pravda from advertising at the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Lenin admitted that a central organ newspaper like Pravda can also operate.
　　　　
　　　　……
　　　　
　　　　4. News activities of Mao Zedong and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation in China
　　　　
　　　　In October 1918, Mao Zedong joined the "Peking University Journalism Research Association", the first journalism academic group in China. After attending classes for half a year, Mao Zedong was deeply impressed by Shao Piaoping. Therefore, Mao Zedong knows journalism. Mao Zedong also edited Xiangjiang Review Weekly. In fact, he is the only one in this weekly. He made the manuscript all the way to school, and only a few manuscripts were written by others. Mao Zedong also understands a social newspaper. He participated in the editing of Hunan Ta Kung Pao from November 1919 to December 1922.
　　　　
　　　　Besides Mao Zedong, we should understand Mao Zedong’s news thoughts as those of the first generation of proletarian revolutionaries. So I have to mention Liu Shaoqi. Liu Shaoqi first joined the Russian Communist Party in 1921, at the Oriental Communist University. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, at the end of 1921, he became party member of the Communist Party of China. In 1922, he and Comrade Li Lisan returned to China to lead the Anyuan coal mine strike at that time. At that time, Liu Shaoqi edited the first publication Anyuan Xunxun, which was an internal publication. Later, Liu Shaoqi served as deputy secretary and vice chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions, and edited a series of party building publications. Liu Shaoqi served as the political commissar of the New Fourth Army and the top leader of the Party in East China, and served as the president of Jianghuai Daily. Later, when he came to Xibaipo, he and Comrade Zhu De set up the Central Working Committee and founded the People’s Daily in accordance with Mao Zedong’s instructions.
　　　　
　　　　Zhou Enlai is also one of the main leaders of our party. He was the editor-in-chief of the school newspaper when he was in middle school and university. He was very active and left many things behind. During the May 4th Movement, he was also the editor-in-chief of Journal of Tianjin Student Union. Zhou Enlai has also written more than 100 articles for Tianjin’s largest newspaper, Deliberation. During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the chairman of Xinhua Daily, the party’s organ newspaper in Kuomintang-controlled areas, and the director of Yan ‘an Broadcasting Committee.
　　　　
　　　　Deng Xiaoping, a younger proletarian revolutionary of the first generation, participated in the party’s newspaper work twice in history. Once in Paris in 1920, he participated in the editing work of "Youth" and "Red Light". The second time was an accidental opportunity. He became the editor-in-chief of a newspaper, because at that time, he was labeled as a "right-wing group" of Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun and Cooper, and he was reduced to a researcher in a village. He could be killed at any time. Wang Jiaxiang, director of the General Political Department, transferred Deng Xiaoping to the Propaganda Unit of the General Political Department, and edited the Red Star, the organ of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, from August 1933 to January 1935.
　　　　
　　　　Five, Mao Zedong’s party newspaper thought and news thought.
　　　　
　　　　1.1942 Yan ‘an Liberation Daily was revised.
　　　　
　　　　Mao Zedong’s party newspaper thought was put forward in 1942. On May 11th, 1941, Liberation Daily, the organ newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was founded. At that time, Comrade Bo Gu was appointed as the president. Bo Gu didn’t make up a big newspaper, only a few tabloids. He referred to Pravda. Pravda takes the international as its reporting object, and its guiding ideology is news-oriented. The layout adopted by Bo Gu is one international, two domestic, three border regions and four headquarters. Headlines are often international news, such as the Spanish civil war and the Soviet-German battlefield, which people at that time could not accept. Mao Zedong discovered this problem and changed the layout to: one side, two areas, three domestic and four international supplements. On March 31st, 1942, Mao Zedong said at the forum on revision: "Using Liberation Daily should be one of the regular business work of various organs. After the newspaper spreads the experience of a department, it can promote the transformation of other work. " Mao Zedong regards newspapers as the duty of leading work, and his duty is to guide the work through newspapers, which conforms to the national conditions of the base areas. Because at that time, there was almost no other way to communicate between the central and local governments except telegrams. Sending newspapers has become a very important way of communication. Therefore, the main points of Mao’s party newspaper thought are: guiding the work through newspapers. Under the influence of Mao Zedong, Bo Gu’s party newspaper thought changed completely. Later, some important reports in Liberation Daily were drafted by Bo Gu.
　　　　
　　　　On April 8, 1948, Mao Zedong summarized the thought of the party newspaper as the following famous saying: "The strength and function of the newspaper lies in its ability to make the party’s program, line, principles and policies, tasks and working methods meet the masses most quickly and extensively."
　　　　
　　　　2. Mao Zedong on the party spirit of the party newspaper and the party’s propaganda work.
　　　　
　　　　There are only three places where Mao Zedong can talk about party spirit and news and propaganda work. The first time was on March 14th, 1942, when Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Zhou Enlai informing that Jiefang Daily was going to be revised: "There have been discussions about Jiefang Daily, so as to enhance the party spirit and reflect the masses." Liberation Daily is not without party spirit, but it does not put party spirit first, so it should be strengthened. The second time was on October 28th, 1942. At that time, four branches of Xinhua News Agency published many articles against the Kuomintang, which created an impression in public opinion that communist party was ready to break with the Kuomintang. But the central government didn’t mean it at all. So Mao Zedong sent a telegram to the leaders of various regions about correctly propagating the party’s policies: "Make sure that the propaganda of news agencies and newspapers fully conforms to the party’s policies, and make sure that our propaganda enhances party spirit." It shows that we should correctly publicize the party. The third time was in May, 1957, when Mao Zedong criticized the Party’s newspaper struggle in the anti-rightist struggle, he said, "They denied the party spirit and class nature of newspapers …" It was not the Rightists who criticized them, but many central newspapers.
　　　　
　　　　Mao Zedong’s connotation of party spirit in journalism can be summarized into two main points: first, the overall awareness of the party, and efforts to publicize the party’s principles and policies; Second, news and propaganda work should conform to the party’s policies and strategies.
　　　　
　　　　3. The basic working methods of party newspapers: typical reports.
　　　　
　　　　On April 30th, 1942, the headline communication of Liberation Daily in Yan ‘an, "Wu Manyou, a model rural labor hero", was praised by Mao Zedong, and Wu became the first model in the border area. So the Liberation Daily was encouraged and publicized it every day. Since then, more than 600 typical figures and units have been publicized, with good results. It was closed until March 1927. This incident has greatly stimulated Mao Zedong, and has always encouraged the promotion of typical examples. Until the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, Mao Zedong gave the People’s Daily eight words: "There should be more typical ones and less comprehensive ones". This means that the People’s Daily should publish more typical and specific things and less empty talk. Typical reports played a very important role at that time. Because the society at that time was quite closed, we could live with a little information and be brilliant with a little sunshine. With this information, farmers will follow it. Because people like Wu Manyou are close to farmers and very kind. So when Wu Man paid public grain, everyone paid public grain, and Wu Man had spring sowing, so everyone planted it in spring.
　　　　
　　　　Why is our typical report quite successful after liberation? After liberation, we were surrounded by imperialism, the whole of China was surrounded, the information was closed, and people around us were what they were. The biggest example is Lei Feng, who can move the whole of China. Now that the reform and opening up have been carried out, there has been communication and comparison, and it will not be effective to be typical every day. After all, Mao Zedong’s thought of typical reporting was realistic and reasonable at that time, but now it is necessary to keep pace with the times.
　　　　
　　　　4. The whole party and the masses run newspapers.
　　　　
　　　　There are two different explanations about "the whole party runs a newspaper".
　　　　
　　　　One is that every catering unit, including the blackboard newspaper, should be led by the chief to run a newspaper, so that there are thousands of newspapers in the border area, which is called running a newspaper by the whole party. The other means that all party member should support newspaper work, and party secretaries at all levels should write editorials for newspapers.
　　　　
　　　　5. Newspaper criticism
　　　　
　　　　In 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s decision to carry out criticism and self-criticism in newspapers and periodicals was revised by Liu Shaoqi. In 1954, Mao Zedong put forward the policy of "opening, improving and managing" in newspaper criticism. Now it is transformed into public opinion supervision.
　　　　
　　　　6. "Three Smells" Viewpoint
　　　　
　　　　Put forward in 1957: news, old news, unknown. Mao Zedong said that when some news happens, it is necessary to report it as soon as possible. Some news has happened and we deliberately don’t report it. When it gets old, it is old news. Some news happens, and we never report it, so it’s called ignorance or ignorance. This view is the view of class struggle. This thinking was reasonable at that time, but now I’m afraid it will keep pace with the times, and information disclosure has become a world trend.
　　　　
　　　　……
　　　　
　　　　8. Five Functions of Provincial Party Newspapers
　　　　
　　　　Mao Zedong put forward that party newspapers have the functions of organizing, encouraging, encouraging, criticizing and promoting (January 1958), which became the propaganda mobilization order of the Great Leap Forward.
　　　　
　　　　14. "Public opinion is uniform" and "public opinion is not uniform"
　　　　
　　　　In 1955, it was put forward: "It is impossible and inappropriate to make’ public opinion uniform’." "Our public opinion is uniform and not uniform. Among the people, advanced people and backward people are allowed to freely use our newspapers, publications, forums, etc. to compete, so that advanced people can educate backward people in a democratic and persuasive way and overcome backward ideas and systems. " For counter-revolutionaries, "only they are allowed to behave themselves, and they are not allowed to talk nonsense. Here, not only public opinion is uniform, but also the law is uniform."
　　　　……
　　　　
　　　　(Recording and finishing Shen Linfang This article has not been reviewed by myself)