Reporter’s Return Visit： ＂Chengdu Sample＂ of Urban and Rural Education Integration
The children in the big class of Runyang Tonghua Kindergarten in qingbaijiang district, Chengdu celebrate their graduation. Information picture
On November 10th, 2009, China Education News published a page titled "Integrated Full Coverage — — Chengdu promotes the balanced development of compulsory education and realizes a new leap, and reports the experience of Chengdu in coordinating the integrated development of urban and rural education.
■ A typical return visit to the magnificent 70-year struggle in the new era
The integration of urban and rural education is of great significance for promoting educational equity and social equity. In the process of promoting the integration of urban and rural education, various localities have made efforts to explore according to local conditions. In April, 2009, Chengdu, located in the west, became the only experimental area in China where the ministries, provinces and municipalities jointly built and coordinated the comprehensive reform of urban and rural education. On November 10th, 2009, China Education News reported the experience and achievements of Chengdu’s integrated development of urban and rural education in a colorful way. Through vivid cases and detailed data, it showed the experience and measures of Chengdu’s continuous deepening of comprehensive reform in the field of education, which caused great repercussions throughout the country.
Now, in the past 10 years, in the face of the people’s new expectations for diversified and high-quality education, the new standards of industrial transformation and upgrading and urban transformation and development for talent training, in the "2.0 era" of overall urban-rural integration development, Chengdu has practiced the development concept of "people-centered", shifted its focus to "global quality" and "high-level balance" and made a leap towards "excellent education in Chengdu". Recently, the reporter revisited Chengdu to explore the development footprint of Chengdu education under the vision of "Chengdu in the whole region".
"A game of chess" in the whole city and "a picture" in the whole region — —
Scientific layout planning, reshaping the spatial pattern of education
Peach blossoms bloom on Longquan Mountain, and egrets fly by Qinglong Lake.
Taking the subway to enjoy flowers and birds in the eastern suburbs of Chengdu is the most enthusiastic activity of Chengdu citizens in recent years.
A continuous follow-up interview with Qinglong Lake Primary School, which is located on the side of Qinglong Lake, reveals that the school is the same every year. "In the past, it was a sunny day with a dusty foot, but now the four seasons are different, and the campus is better than the garden."
Principal Liao Xiaoqiang told reporters that relying on the unique environment, the school has carried out campus culture and school-based curriculum construction with the theme of "ecological civilization". The once remote and unknown rural school has finally "turned over" and has repeatedly shared experiences on behalf of primary and secondary schools in Sichuan at various levels of ecological education forums in China. The educational concepts and teaching methods are at the forefront of development and have become a model for many urban schools to visit and learn.
It’s not just rural schools that have changed dramatically.
"where is the temple of the famous Premier, in a deep pine grove near the City of Silk", "The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, and the Dongwu Wan Li boat is moored at the gate", "A thatched cottage in the west of Wan Li Bridge, and the water in Baihuatan is surging waves" … …
The reporter walked 100 meters away from the Hongzhuan West Road Primary School in Chengdu, along the Jinjiang River, the mother river of Chengdu, which is a greenway along the river for more than 100 kilometers, connecting Wuhou Temple, Wan Li Bridge, Baihuatan, Du Fu Caotang and other scattered humanistic holy places.
"Every step is beautiful, with history and allusions." Hongzhuan West Road Primary School puts the relevant parts of Chinese class, science and technology class and labor practice class in the greenway, so that students can get in touch with the beauty of nature and humanity at zero distance.
According to the overall plan of building a "park city", in recent years, Chengdu has built nearly 3,000 kilometers of urban greenways of different levels. These green "capillaries" string together many elements such as the development of young people’s quality and the practice base of popular science.
In the past, urban schools were small in space and limited in environment. Now, the characteristic courses, "greenway research" and social practice activities based on greenway provide rich educational materials for schools and open up a broad development space.
Greenway is not only a "green road", but also a "big school" and "big classroom" to improve students’ comprehensive quality.
The change of urban and rural schools is not only the epitome of Chengdu’s educational development, but also the historic change of Chengdu’s urban spatial pattern.
More than 2,000 years ago, Shu Shou Li Bing opened Dujiangyan, which turned western sichuan bazi between Longmen Mountain and Longquan Mountain into a "land of abundance" where "floods and droughts depend on people and hunger is unknown", and also fixed the basic pattern of modern Chengdu urban development.
Today, the population of Chengdu has increased by 500,000 per year, and it has developed into a mega-city with an actual population of over 21 million. western sichuan bazi, a city with two mountains, has become crowded.
Reflected in the field of education, the problems of "urban crowding" and the inability to keep up with public education services need to be solved urgently. According to estimates, according to the current average annual growth rate of the resident population in Chengdu, there is a need for a net increase of more than 70,000 degrees each year.
The key to solve the "urban congestion" and "educational crowding" lies in breaking the original urban spatial pattern.
The Master Plan of Chengdu (2016-2035) adopted last year depicts the grand blueprint of "one heart, two wings, one area, three axes and multiple centers". Nowadays, Chengdu’s urban development is crossing Longquan Mountain eastward and opening up new areas in the east. Longquan Mountain has become a new "city center" and "two mountains with one city" has become "one mountain with two wings".
As the "biggest livelihood project", education plays a fundamental, leading and overall role. In order to support urban development, Chengdu insists on "where the city is updated, where education follows, where the industrial layout is, where education is matched", and takes the lead in scientifically adjusting the layout planning of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens to adapt to the adjustment of urban spatial layout.
Since 2017, the Chengdu Education Bureau and the Municipal Planning Bureau have initiated the revision of the special plan for educational facilities, and revised and compiled the Layout Plan for General Primary and Secondary Schools and Kindergartens in Chengdu (2017— 2035), covering 22 districts (cities) and counties in the city, and unifying the compilation requirements and technical standards, truly achieving "a chess game in the city and a map in the whole region" and jointly creating "excellent education Chengdu".
On June 28, 2019, the city’s education conference made a major deployment of Chengdu’s education reform and development. After the education conference, the municipal party committee and the municipal government put forward the "three-step" goal of Chengdu education around the "three-step" strategic goal of Chengdu in the new era:
By 2022, it will initially build a modern education city that matches the national central city; By 2035, fully realize the modernization of education and build an international education highland with an important position in Pan-Eurasia; By the middle of this century, it will become a famous educational city with world influence.
The "Opinions" also clarified that it is necessary to support a large number of rural schools like Qinglong Lake Primary School through policies such as "new quality schools" cultivation and indicators reaching students, and carry out quality education and school culture construction of "one school, one product, one school and one scene" to promote the development of rural education characteristics and connotations.
Excellent city and beautiful countryside are the new goals under the new concept. In the future, according to the multi-center and group layout of urban development, with "15 minutes" as the radius, the "beautiful picture" that everyone can enjoy quality education is slowly unfolding.
Focus on the "global" and focus on the "county" — —
On the basis of "basic balance", promote the realization of "high quality balance"
In 2017, the 13th Party Congress of Chengdu put forward the urban spatial development strategy of "eastward expansion, southward expansion, westward control, northward reform and zhongyou".
From the description, it is not difficult to see that the east and south directions are the focus of urban expansion, while the west direction is the Longmen Mountain water conservation area and Dujiangyan irrigation area, which is the ecological conservation area where Chengdu strives to control the development intensity.
Pujiang County, located in the "western control" area, is an agricultural county with hilly terrain. The county’s GDP is less than 1% of Chengdu’s, and its fiscal disposable income is less than 1 billion yuan. It is such an ecological functional area that the financial situation has not affected the investment in education.
In an interview with Pujiang County, Yang Zhongyun, director of the County Education Bureau, counted an account for the reporter: in the standardization upgrading project of rural primary and secondary schools in Pujiang County in the past two years, the county’s total funds for upgrading educational equipment, environmental renovation and sports ground renovation were 99.34 million yuan, with a total investment of 33.95 million yuan … … The investment level is not worse than other regions.
Education prospers, and cities prosper. If the county is prosperous, the whole region will be prosperous. According to this idea, Chengdu requires district (city) and county governments to improve the education investment guarantee system of "supporting the weak and ensuring the bottom" and the compulsory education fund guarantee mechanism of "unifying urban and rural areas and focusing on counties", and at the same time, it requires educational construction projects and funds to give priority to ensuring the needs of areas and weak schools with seriously insufficient degrees.
The integration of urban and rural education is a dynamic development process, and the allocation of resources should also remain dynamic. In the process of policy formulation and implementation, Chengdu has made full use of the idea and method of "overall planning" and formed the idea of "giving policies to central cities, subsidies to suburban counties, and giving preference to suburban counties".
On the one hand, the project funds are shared and supported by a "dynamic tilt" system. For example, for the three-year standardized construction upgrading project of urban and rural primary and secondary schools with a total investment of more than 4 billion yuan, the central city, suburbs and outer suburbs will bear 100%, 70% (or 60%) and 30% (or 20%) respectively, and the rest will be borne by the municipal level. Taking the investment in education in Pujiang County in recent years as an example, the investment of 33.95 million yuan in sports field reconstruction is shared according to the ratio of 7: 3 between cities and counties. The 2 million yuan of funds for environmental transformation will be borne by the municipal level.
On the other hand, the financial allocation standard of public funds per student in Chengdu primary and secondary schools (including kindergartens and secondary vocational schools) was formulated, and the dynamic adjustment mechanism of public funds per student was established to continuously increase investment in rural education.
In Chengdu, the standard of public funds per student in compulsory education will be dynamically adjusted every two years, and a two-level joint guarantee mechanism will be implemented at the city and county levels. For the part of public funds per student that is higher than the national standard, the funds needed in the central city will be borne by each district, and those needed in the suburbs will be shared according to the ratio of 3: 7 between the city and the district, and those needed in the outer suburbs (cities) will be shared according to the ratio of 6: 4 between the city and the county (city). "May 12, For the standard of public funds per student in special education schools in the compulsory education stage, a system of annual adjustment and increase has also been established.
Pragmatic and flexible system design, "let money be spent on the cutting edge", has realized the optimal allocation of resources. Chengdu is creating a virtuous circle of "ecological circle". No matter the suburb or the outer suburb, no matter what level of schools, they can get the development needs, and generate has the opportunity and vitality.
Education thrives in cities, and cities are strong because of education — —
Education has become an inexhaustible motive force to promote urban development.
Running "primary schools" in universities and "universities" in primary schools is an important measure for Chengdu to continuously expand quality education resources and "build good schools at the doorstep of the masses".
In recent years, Chengdu has expanded high-quality resources through the development of prestigious school groups, school pairing assistance, entrusted management and the cultivation of "new high-quality schools", and achieved remarkable results. At the same time, it also faces the problem of "homogenization" and "simplification" to a certain extent, and it is urgent to further innovate the supply methods and paths of high-quality educational resources.
Looking at the educational map of Chengdu, the university where 64 is located is undoubtedly a "rich mine" to expand high-quality educational resources.
As far as Chengdu is concerned, relying on the resources of colleges and universities to speed up the cultivation and construction of a number of high-level basic education schools around colleges and universities is in line with the requirements of urban development pattern. The regional distribution of colleges and universities in Chengdu shows that the distribution of colleges and universities in Longquanyi District, Wenjiang District, Pidu District, Shuangliu District and Xinjin County in the near and outer suburbs of Chengdu accounts for 62.3%.
In 2018, the General Office of the Chengdu Municipal Government issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Joint Construction of Affiliated Schools in Colleges and Universities, encouraging and supporting colleges and universities to rely on their disciplinary and professional advantages to cultivate the dominant disciplines in the joint construction of affiliated schools and form the characteristics of discipline teaching.
At present, Wuhou District of Chengdu, chenghua district, Sichuan University and University of Electronic Science and Technology have respectively formed new co-construction strategies for four affiliated schools. Shuangliu District, Longquanyi District and Xindu District have strengthened cooperation and established mechanisms with four resident universities, including Chengdu University of Information Technology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu University and Southwest Petroleum University, so as to realize the co-construction and sharing of pre-school to ordinary high school education, and preliminarily explore the embryonic form and different construction modes of the basic education development ecological circle around universities.
According to the plan, by 2020, Chengdu will also set up 15-20 new affiliated schools of colleges and universities through joint construction of schools and schools.
Meeting the people’s demand for higher-level and better-quality education is the "motive force" to create an "ecological circle around the development of basic education in colleges and universities", and it is also the initial intention to continuously "expand" the quality education resources and create an "excellent education Chengdu".
For this "initial heart", Chengdu continues to exert its strength:
— — Implement the "three-year attack" action plan for primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, and vigorously improve the level of education supply. In the past two years, 373 primary and secondary schools and kindergartens have been put into use, with 202,000 new places. Every year, more than 350,000 migrant children receive compulsory education, accounting for 70% of Sichuan Province.
— — We will continue to deepen reform, break through institutional barriers, optimize the system of "dynamic exchange" between principals and teachers, promote the "two-self-employment, independent management and lump-sum funding" reform, and continue to implement "big-handed" measures such as "county-managed school employment" in all districts and counties of the city to "loosen" and "empower" the development of primary and secondary schools.
— — Realizing the balance of quality education through educational informatization. In 2017, "Chengdu Digital School" was launched, combining information technologies such as the Internet, cloud computing and big data with the resources of famous schools and famous teachers in Chengdu, and creating a digital "borderless" school for primary and secondary school students in Chengdu at any time, anywhere and on demand, benefiting more than 1,500 schools in 22 districts (cities and counties) of the city. More and more students changed their fate through "one screen".
— — In 2019, Chengdu issued the "Opinions on Further Deepening the Development of Regional Education Alliance", focusing on promoting the development of regional education alliance to echo the new urban development pattern of "eastward, southward, westward, northward, and zhongyou", further breaking down regional barriers, management barriers, and ownership barriers to achieve high-quality development of education in Chengdu.
Adhering to the initial intention of "the city develops for the people" and practicing the new development concept, the grade of education development in Chengdu is getting higher and higher, and the road is getting wider and wider. (Reporter Huang Wei Lu Lei Ni Xiu correspondent Dong Zhiwen)