Original Time School Research Institute Time School is included in the topic # 56 anti-aging substances.

editorial comment/note

Curcumin, which is a’ youth medicine’ and a delicious food, has always had its own place in the anti-aging circle, but it is safe and has no toxic and side effects, but it has not yet been among the top anti-aging products. If you want to listen carefully to the reasons, let’s start with the story of curcumin. ……

Last time, we talked about that a large number of cellular, molecular and clinical studies have proved that curcumin has multiple effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer and anti-microbial (click Review:), but why hasn’t curcumin been licensed and can’t it play a higher role in disease treatment?

Look at people by their character, and look at chemicals by their physical and chemical properties. First of all, we should grasp two characteristics of curcumin: low solubility and unstable chemical properties. Remember these two clues, and the following stories are based on them ~

Low solubility

There is a large hydrophobic region in the molecular structure of curcumin, which determines its basic characteristics of low water solubility. However, there are three hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure, so when the alkalinity is high enough, the charged hydrogen ions will be dissociated, and the curcumin molecule will also be negatively charged, and the water solubility will increase [1]. To put it simply, it is insoluble in water, and the more alkaline it is, the more soluble it is.

instability

Curcumin is a difficult master, and it will change when the environment is a little unsatisfactory. As mentioned above, the greater the alkalinity of the solution, the more curcumin is dissolved, which provides great convenience for the hydrolysis reaction; In addition, curcumin is also easy to occur in the presence of light; What’s more, curcumin may spontaneously oxidize when there is no stimulus! Although so many degradation products have more or less anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, the "periphery" is not as powerful as the "main body" [2].

Then we need to know what curcumin has experienced from eating to discharging, as shown in the following figure [3]:

There are three paths for curcumin to enter digestive tract.

1. In the original form, excreted by feces, jump to the ending 1.

2. After being metabolized by enzymes in digestive tract, it is excreted by feces in the form of metabolites, and jumps to the end 1.

3. Escaped from the clutches of digestive tract enzymes, successfully approached intestinal epithelial cells and entered path B.

There are two ways for curcumin to get close to intestinal epithelial cells.

1. Thrown back to the intestine by the ruthless porters of intestinal epithelial cells, and returned to the path A.

2. Being sent into the blood circulation by the friendly porters of intestinal epithelial cells and entering the path C.

There are two ways for curcumin to reach the liver after it enters the blood circulation.

1. It is metabolized by enzymes in the liver and enters the systemic blood circulation in the form of metabolites, and enters the path D.

2. Escaped from the clutches of liver enzymes, and entered the systemic blood circulation in its original form, and also entered the path D.

After curcumin or its metabolites enter the systemic blood circulation, there are two paths.

1. Enter the kidney with blood, then enter the urine, and pass out of the body with urine, and jump to the end 2.

2. With the distribution of blood to various organs and tissues of the whole body (such as brain, lung, heart, muscle, etc.), it plays an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer role, and jumps to the ending 3.

Obviously, we have high hopes for the ending 3, but how many "difficulties and dangers" does curcumin have to go through to get on this right path? And don’t forget curcumin’s bad temper (low solubility and low stability), so it is even more difficult for it to "survive" success. Therefore, scientists have developed a lot of equipment for curcumin in order to help it succeed.

The role played by these equipments can be summarized as two aspects:

On the one hand, it improves its basic performance (increasing solubility and stability), and on the other hand, it specifically resists "enemy" forces (such as antagonistic cell efflux transporters). The following table is a summary of various methods and principles to improve the absorption and utilization rate of curcumin [3]:

Method type

give an example

principle

Control environmental conditions

Use organic solvents

Increase solubility

Adjust pH

Increase stability

Combined adjuvant

Piperine, catechin, etc.

Inhibition of efflux transporter

Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and gallic acid.

Increase stability and reduce oxidative degradation.

Packaging technology/carrier technology

Micellar, microemulsion, hydrophobic biopolymer particles, liposomes, etc.

Increase dispersibility in water; Isolate water phase to increase stability; Increase the affinity with tissues and cells

In the research of pushing curcumin into clinical application, the obstacles encountered are not only the above physical and chemical characteristics and biological characteristics of curcumin, but also the research itself:

First of all, curcumin used in various studies is actually different. Most crude extracts made from turmeric and even some refined "curcumin" raw materials contain three main compounds: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin, and a few secondary metabolites.

The ratio of curcumin compounds in various "curcumin preparations" is different, and the types of curcumin compounds used in experimental research are also different (pure curcumin is often used in in vitro research and more is artificially synthesized, while the mixture of curcumin compounds is often used in in in vivo research and clinical trials), but curcumin is often used as the active ingredient to evaluate the efficacy. In addition, the dosage form and dosage of curcumin used in each experiment are also different. Therefore, it is difficult to compare the effects of curcumin between different studies, and it is difficult to get a consistent conclusion [5].

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On the other hand, curcumin is a pan-screening interfering compound, which makes it difficult for researchers to judge whether curcumin plays a role in a certain target.

The so-called pan-screening interfering compounds mean that they do not act on the target target but present a sharply confusing false positive result.

Real drugs can precisely act on specific protein binding sites, thus inhibiting or activating the function of protein. The "false positive compounds" are disguised as drug combinations, and smoke bombs are released in various screening studies. Moreover, curcumin does have a wide range of biological activities, just like an all-round sports fan who can win an excellent participation award in various competitions. Therefore, it is not a simple matter to judge whether curcumin has played a valuable role in some way and can be detected correctly [5].

With this explanation, it seems that curcumin is still far from being used as medicine, but there is no need to worry. The above problems are what scientists are trying to solve.

Last time, I made it clear that clinical studies show that taking curcumin up to 12g per day has no side effects, and the FDA also lists curcumin as a recognized safe food additive. We often eat curry, which is healthy and delicious. Isn’t it delicious? As a dietary supplement, curcumin products can also be eaten.

The following summarizes some kinds of turmeric derivatives in life and their uses [6]:

kind

character

use

Curcuma rhizome (intact)

Orange-brown rhizome (dry)

medicinal

Turmeric powder

Red and yellow powder, made by grinding dried rhizome.

Medicine, spices, dyes, dietary supplements

Turmeric resin

Brown viscous liquid, extracted from roots or leaves.

Medicinal, food colorants, dietary supplements

Ginger butter

Brown oil, extracted from roots or leaves.

Medicine, spices, dietary supplements

Curcumin

Orange-red crystalline powder, extracted and purified from turmeric powder.

Medicinal and dietary supplements

Once again, the content of this article is not used to persuade people to quit. We are just adhering to the consistent style, putting facts and being reasonable! Curry tastes good, so can curcumin ~

references

[1] Bernabé-Pineda M., Ram?rez-Silva M.a.T., Romero-Romo M., González-Vergara E., Rojas-Hernández A. Determination of acidity constants of curcumin in aqueous solution and apparent rate constant of its decomposition. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2004; 60:1091–1097. doi: 10.1016/S1386-1425(03)00342-1.

[2] Priyadarsini KI. The chemistry of curcumin: from extraction to therapeutic agent. Molecules. 2014; 19(12):20091-20112. Published 2014 Dec 1. doi:10.3390/molecules191220091

[3] Zheng B, McClements DJ. Formulation of More Efficacious Curcumin Delivery Systems Using Colloid Science: Enhanced Solubility, Stability, and Bioavailability. Molecules. 2020; 25(12):2791. Published 2020 Jun 17. doi:10.3390/molecules25122791

[4] Xie Tao, Du Guanhua. The pain of Qualcomm’s quantitative screening —— Pan-active screening interfering compounds [J]. Journal of Pharmacy, 2015(08):925-930.

[5] Nelson KM, Dahlin JL, Bisson J, Graham J, Pauli GF, Walters MA. The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Curcumin. J Med Chem. 2017; 60(5):1620-1637. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00975

[6] Li S., Yuan W., Deng G., Wang P., Yang P., Aggarwal B. B. Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Pharmaceutical Crops. 2011; 2(1)

If you have any doubts, ideas, or problems in the field of anti-aging, welcome to discuss them in the comment area!

Original title: "Anti-cancer is short, life expectancy is insufficient, and the anti-aging" new star "curcumin is a complete scam? ! 》

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Cctv news There is a warm-hearted landlady in Yanjiao, Hebei Province. Not only did she not raise her rent for five years, but she also helped the tenants who came to work in Beijing to grab tickets during her stay in Spring Festival travel rush. She was called "a good landlord in China" by people around her.

In the rented house in Yanjiao Primary School, the tenants are all migrant workers from Henan, Anhui or Sichuan. They go to Beijing to work during the day and return to Yanjiao to rest at night, which is very hard. Seeing that the Spring Festival is coming, because they don’t know how to buy tickets online, a small ticket makes them worry.

After hearing these things, the enthusiastic landlord and aunt decided to help them buy train tickets for a reunion year. The landlady is over 60 years old. Don’t look at her age. She hasn’t left behind any new technology and gadgets. She never leaves her smartphone, video chats with her son and grandson, makes friends, and grabs red envelopes. It is said that some time ago, double 11 also killed many trophies with her mobile phone.

In order to help migrant workers’ tenants to grab train tickets home, my aunt watched the news all day and searched online for ticket buying strategies. She not only wrote a ticket grabbing tutorial for tenants, but also personally helped to grab tickets. The raiders for grabbing tickets compiled by her detailed the date of grabbing tickets, cross-site ticket purchase, leak-detection skills, precautions and so on.

On the wall of the small courtyard, there is a four-page ticket-grabbing tutorial handwritten by the landlord aunt. At the end of the raiders, there are many things to pay attention to when buying tickets and traveling. It can be said that everything is written clearly. Aunt also provides free WiFi, which can’t be more intimate.

For tenants who don’t have online banking and smart phones, the landlord and aunt also help to grab tickets. Less than 8 o’clock in the morning, the aunt took out a notebook with the tenant’s ID number and ticket purchase information, and quickly used her mobile phone to help migrant workers grab tickets. The "good name" of the landlord’s aunt has spread more and more widely nearby. In addition to her own tenants, there are many migrant workers nearby who come to the door for help. It is said that from the beginning of this year to now, the landlady has helped more than 30 migrant workers buy train tickets to go home.

It is understood that the landlady’s wife died early, and her children and grandchildren immigrated abroad a few years ago. Aunt’s old life is very simple, walking the dog, brushing WeChat and visiting the park. For the matter of helping to grab tickets, the aunt is also very real: "It is not easy for migrant workers to work hard outside. Every day, they earn money and save money in the dark. The children in their old home are looking forward to their going home for the New Year. Nothing is more important than a family reunion! I also try my best to help if I can. "

It is not easy for migrant workers to drift out to work. Fortunately, they can meet such a good landlord and aunt. Although it is only a small train ticket, it is actually a reunion of families and the warmth from this society. Netizens have commented: Aunt is really a clean stream in the landlord world, and she is a good landlord in China! Let’s say thank you to this enthusiastic landlord here!

On January 25th, the Information Office of Hebei Provincial Government held a press conference on "Cultural Activities of Spring Festival in Hebei Province". People’s Network Shangfan photo

People’s Daily Online, Shijiazhuang, January 25th (Shangfan) On the 25th, this website learned from the press conference of "Hebei Spring Festival Cultural Activities" held by Hebei Provincial Government Information Office that during the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong, the Propaganda Department of Hebei Provincial Party Committee, the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, the Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Hebei Radio and Television Station and other units jointly planned more than 100 key cultural activities. Cities and counties in Hebei Province have also planned and identified more than 4,000 cultural activities under the unified deployment of the provincial party committee, which have greatly improved in terms of quality level, rich diversity and extensive participation of the masses.

According to Wang Zhenru, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and director of the Hebei Film Bureau, the Spring Festival cultural activities in Hebei Province will carry out a series of cultural activities such as "watching big exhibitions, catching up with big episodes, listening to big dramas and celebrating the New Year", relying on famous cultural studios to carry out a series of cultural activities that benefit the people and bring culture into thousands of households, further satisfying people’s spiritual needs and enriching people’s cultural life.

A series of cultural activities such as "watching big exhibitions, catching up with big episodes, listening to big dramas and celebrating the New Year" create a happy and peaceful festive atmosphere.

According to reports, Hebei Province will make great efforts to organically combine the Chinese New Year opera performance with the special exhibition of Hebei, the cultural activities of benefiting the people during the Spring Festival, and the cultural gathering of the Spring Festival, which is a major painting department of China in the past dynasties, and make a combination of boxing, so as to promote each activity to take advantage of each other and strive to form a cluster effect.

Continue to hold the "Revision of Canon in the Prosperous Age-Special Exhibition of China Painting Series in Hebei Province". The exhibition was officially launched on January 9. Since its launch, it has been deeply loved by the masses inside and outside the province and widely concerned by the media from all walks of life. Up to now, it has received about 180,000 visitors, with an average daily audience of about 10,000. During the Spring Festival, Hebei Provincial Museum will continue to exhibit and provide better service.

Li Hongtu, Ceng Zhaojuan, Qiu Ruide and other Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei opera masters brought three major dramas, namely, Beijing Opera "The Jade Hairpin", Pingju "Jin ‘e" and Hebei Bangzi "Lotus Lantern", six discount plays starring actors with plum blossom awards in the province, and a famous concert … Hebei Province will continue to carry out the "Ten Major Dramas He Xinchun" series of opera performances, on January 26th. There will also be "2024 Hebei Spring Festival Opera Evening", "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Hebei Bangzi Famous Tickets Concert", "Happy Zhangjiakou Prosperous New Year-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Famous Opera Singing Series Exhibition", Qinhuangdao’s "Good Play" special performance, Cangzhou’s "New Year’s Eve Singing Big Drama" Beijing Opera Ticket Show and other opera performances, and Shijiazhuang No.1 Workers’ Cultural Palace staff Beijing Opera Troupe’s grassroots performances and other activities.

Organize a series of activities of "Shopping for the New Year". The Wanli Temple Pedestrian Street and Qinghe Cashmere Products Market in Shijiazhuang will be linked with the national and provincial tourist and leisure blocks, night culture and tourist consumption gathering areas in the province, and the Hebei New Year gift list will be launched to enrich the people’s New Year life.

Relying on the studio of famous cultural figures to carry out a series of cultural activities to benefit the people and promote the two-way empowerment of famous cultural figures and the people

During the Spring Festival, more than 5,000 famous cultural studios in Hebei Province will continue to be open to the public free of charge, and activities such as calligraphy and painting pen meetings, photo exhibitions, poetry readings, and non-legacy experiences will be held regularly to provide professional and high-quality cultural services for the people, so that the masses can receive cultural edification and enjoy cultural nourishment when they leave their homes after a meal.

Among them, based on the characteristics of different famous studios, all localities have focused on creating and launching the activities of inheriting and exchanging opera culture, such as "Opera fans’ lyrics-walking into famous studios", iron plate embossed Chinese New Year art exhibition, Chinese painting exhibition, Gaoluo concert non-legacy exhibition, folk traditional costume exhibition of "Celebrating the New Year with Art", appreciation meeting of ancient music, literary exhibition of "Famous people accompanying you for the New Year", watercolor painting and pen drawing in Taihang ancient village.

Continue to carry out activities such as "Double Struggle and Self" mass cultural events to build a platform for cultural activities for the masses.

During the Spring Festival, under the guidance of five brand activities: Dancing Hebei, Singing Hebei, Picturing Hebei, Learning Hebei, and Vitality Hebei, all parts of Hebei Province will organize a series of mass cultural performances in Hebei Province, a series of mass cultural evenings of "Flying Jiyi", a short video exhibition of mobile phone photography and self-portrait in Shijiazhuang, an ice dragon boat invitational tournament in Zhangjiakou and a fishing town in Qinhuangdao.

At the same time, museums, libraries and other public cultural institutions around the country will also organize a series of cultural activities that are easy to participate in, such as theme exhibitions, classic readings, and public welfare lectures, and strive to make the masses live a high-quality cultural year.

Extensively carry out a series of cultural activities to provide high-quality cultural products and services for the masses.

During the Spring Festival, with the theme of "Our Chinese Dream" —— Culture Enters Thousands of Families, Hebei Province has extensively carried out a series of cultural activities to benefit the people, and organized literary troupes and cultural units at all levels in the province to carry out more than 1,000 performances, literary counseling and other activities throughout the province in the form of Yanzhao red literary light cavalry, striving to deliver more abundant spiritual and cultural food to the doorstep of the general public.

With "Four Seasons Village Night" as the brand, various folk cultural activities such as temple fairs and community fires are widely carried out in rural grassroots, bringing local folk performances such as dragon dance, lion dance, martial arts, yangko and stilts. All localities and units have created and launched the online exhibition of "Jin Ju Bloom" 2023 Hebei young and middle-aged outstanding acrobatic talents, "Xianglong Narui" Lantern Festival national concert, and "Being Free in the Year of the Loong"

Today (July 13th) morning, the State Council Press Office held a press conference. Li Kuiwen, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs and director of the Statistics and Analysis Department, introduced the import and export situation in the first half of 2022 and answered questions from reporters.

Li Kuiwen said that since the beginning of this year, the state has intensively introduced a number of policies and measures to promote the stability and quality of foreign trade, support enterprises to solve problems, and continuously and effectively stimulate the vitality of foreign trade market players. In the first half of the year, the number of foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance in China increased by 5.5% year-on-year. Among them, the number of private enterprises increased by 6.9%, reaching 425,000, which performed better than the whole. The main features of its import and export are as follows:

First, in terms of development speed, in the first half of the year, the import and export of private enterprises was 9.82 trillion yuan, up by 13.6%, 4.2 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate of the whole country, and the proportion of private enterprises in the total foreign trade increased by 1.9 percentage points to 49.6% compared with the same period of last year, and their position as the largest subject of foreign trade was further consolidated.

Second, in terms of product structure, in the first half of the year, the export of mechanical and electrical products of private enterprises increased by 15.3%, which was 6.7 percentage points higher than the national export growth rate of mechanical and electrical products. Imports of agricultural products, basic organic chemicals, medicinal materials and medicines increased by 6.4%, 14% and 33.1% respectively, which were higher than the import growth rate of similar products in China.

Third, in terms of market development, in the first half of the year, while maintaining growth in the import and export of traditional markets such as the United States, Europe, South Korea and Japan, private enterprises accelerated the development of emerging markets. The import and export of ASEAN, Latin America and Central Asia increased by 20.5%, 16.4% and 53.3% respectively, and the growth rate was higher than the overall national level.

In the first half of the year, China’s foreign trade can achieve steady growth, and an important support is the effective stimulation of the vitality of various foreign trade market players. Around the main body of the market, the customs has introduced ten measures to promote the stability and quality of foreign trade. Recently, the customs has specially studied and introduced seven measures to further help enterprises to help them out and reduce costs, mainly including: for those who are unable to pay taxes on time and pay back taxes within the prescribed time limit due to operational difficulties caused by the epidemic, the late payment fee can be reduced or exempted; Cancel the third-party inspection requirements for enterprises to apply for exemption from customs duties and import link taxes for returned goods; Exempting enterprises from handling quarantine licenses for imported fruits and providing proof materials of storage places; Simplify the inspection requirements for imported coatings, and no longer check the Paint Record Certificate; Adjust and optimize the inspection requirements for imported crude oil and coal.

In the next step, the customs will pay close attention to the implementation of various policies and measures to help enterprises solve problems and make every effort to promote the stability and quality of foreign trade. (Headquarters reporter Sun Shuwen, Kong Lingwen, Liang Jiahui)

Recently, the central government has repeatedly stressed that the effectiveness of policies should be fully released to accelerate the expansion of effective demand. What is the current domestic effective demand? How to comprehensively implement policies to expand effective demand?

Faced with the problem of insufficient demand, how to exert macro-policies has attracted much attention. Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party, held at the end of July this year, demanded that macro policies should be active in expanding demand.

In terms of fiscal policy, since the beginning of this year, special bonds, large-scale tax rebates and other policy tools have played an important role. Recently, the executive meeting of the State Council has made continuous arrangements to fully release the effectiveness of policies, accelerate the expansion of effective demand, and promote investment with consumption to increase employment.

Make good use of special debt limit

The the State Council executive meeting held on August 31st emphasized that "at the critical juncture of economic recovery, it is very important to speed up the effectiveness of the release policy".

"Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party and the recent the State Council executive meeting have deployed relevant measures to increase fiscal policy to support the real economy and stabilize aggregate demand, including making full use of special debt balance limits, stimulating infrastructure and stimulating consumption." Luo Zhiheng, chief economist of Yuekai Securities and president of the research institute, believes that from the macro perspective, a series of deployments are mainly intended to promote the recovery of demand as soon as possible, stabilize the economic market and promote employment stability.

Special bonds play an important role in stimulating effective investment and stabilizing macroeconomic operation. Statistics show that by the end of August, a total of 3.52 trillion yuan of special bonds had been issued, and the amount used for project construction has basically been issued, much ahead of previous years. At the same time, new infrastructure and new energy projects will be included in the key support scope of special bonds, so as to give full play to the role of special bonds in promoting the expansion of effective investment.

The effect of special bonds in stimulating investment is obvious. In the first seven months of this year, various localities have arranged more than 250 billion yuan of special bond funds for major projects such as railways, toll roads, trunk airports, etc., and actively played the role of instigating government investment.

On August 24th, the the State Council executive meeting made arrangements to make good use of the local balance limit of more than 500 billion yuan of special bonds in accordance with the law, and the issuance was completed before the end of October.

Li Xuhong, director of the Institute of Finance and Taxation Policy and Application of Beijing National Accounting Institute, believes that there is a great potential for investment demand in China at present. As a positive fiscal policy, special bonds will play a leading role in investment and effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of social investment. "In the second half of the year, local governments should revitalize the quota space of local special debts according to law, continue to promote investment in infrastructure construction, and give play to the multiplier effect of government investment to expand reproduction and expand new investment space." Li Xuhong said.

"This year, affected by the real estate market, the income from land transfer has also been affected, and the overall financial pressure is greater than in previous years. Using the special debt limit can appropriately alleviate the financial pressure in some areas and promote infrastructure. However, it should be noted that the geographical distribution of the difference between the limit and the balance of special debt is not balanced. To play a role, it is necessary to make great efforts in project reserve and screening. " Luo Zhiheng said.

Promote enterprises to expand investment.

Although the epidemic has had a great impact on the market in recent years, the workshop of Zhejiang Xinjin Air Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd. is still producing at full capacity, and the products continue to sell well. Fan Aisong, the person in charge of the company, said that through digital transformation, the company has realized the supervision of the whole process of product production and opened up a new world in the market.

Behind the enterprise’s full efforts to carry out scientific research and development and investment, the tax preferential policy dividend is indispensable. "This year alone, the company received more than 3 million yuan in tax refund for retention and export, which provided strong support for enterprises to expand their scale." Fan Aisong said that the company will use this fund to introduce new energy fully automatic valve production lines and strive to build a leading manufacturer of air conditioning assemblies for new energy vehicles in the industry.

Since the beginning of this year, China has implemented a new combined tax and fee support policy, such as a large-scale value-added tax refund policy, which has effectively helped enterprises to solve problems. Statistics show that as of August 31, the cumulative increase in tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund and tax deferral in China exceeded 3.3 trillion yuan. Among them, from April 1st to August 31st, the large-scale VAT tax refund policy was implemented, and 2,049 billion yuan of tax refund has been returned to the taxpayer’s account. Together with the 123.3 billion yuan of the previous tax refund policy, a total of 2,172.3 billion yuan of tax refund has been returned to the taxpayer’s account.

Policies such as large-scale value-added tax refund have played an active role in effectively guiding social expectations, stimulating the vitality of market players and helping to stabilize the macro-economic market. At the same time, it will send "real money and silver" to enterprises, so that enterprises can have more investment motivation. According to the data of the VAT invoice, in the second quarter, the equipment investment of manufacturing enterprises that applied for tax refund increased by 11.9% year-on-year, which was 9.5 percentage points higher than that of enterprises without tax refund.

Li Xuhong analyzed that a series of combined tax and fee support policies have many types, large scale and wide coverage, which have effectively played the role of countercyclical adjustment and increased corporate cash flow, which is conducive to opening up corporate capital blocking points, stimulating corporate investment demand and enhancing market participants’ investment expectations.

In addition to the value-added tax deduction, this year’s combined tax and fee support policy also includes increasing the deduction ratio of R&D expenses of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises to 100%, exempting small-scale taxpayers from value-added tax in stages, continuing to implement tax reduction and fee reduction policies to support manufacturing, small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, and gradually delaying social security fees to expand the scope. It is estimated that the annual tax refund and tax reduction will be about 2.64 trillion yuan.

Recently, the Ministry of Finance issued the Report on the Implementation of China’s Fiscal Policy in the First Half of 2022. When looking forward to the fiscal policy in the second half of the year, it was clearly proposed to continue to implement various combined tax and fee support policies and continuously release policy dividends.

"In the next stage, the tax and fee support policy will further improve the accuracy of support, continue to help market players to bail out development, and the driving effect on enterprises to expand investment will be more obvious." Li Xuhong said.

Enhance residents’ consumption power

500,000 yuan in April, 800,000 yuan in May, 960,000 yuan in June and 1.1 million yuan in July … In recent months, the turnover of Donghua Hotel in Luoyang, Henan Province, a century-old shop, has gradually increased.

"This year, we enjoyed a series of preferential tax policies, such as property tax and land use tax reduction, as well as value-added tax plus deduction, which effectively reduced the operating pressure, and then carried out various preferential activities, such as recharging packages and sending cash coupons to stores, which stimulated the enthusiasm of consumers and the business situation obviously picked up." Gu Gang, deputy general manager of the restaurant, said.

The implementation of the combined tax and fee support policy will promote the development of enterprises’ bail-out on the one hand and promote residents’ consumption on the other. Statistics in State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China show that as of July 20th, tax reduction and fee reduction and tax refund and tax deferral in difficult industries such as retail, catering, tourism, transportation, etc. which are greatly affected by the epidemic have increased by 542.8 billion yuan. According to the data of VAT invoice, the sales revenue of wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering industry and transportation industry in June increased by 7.5, 19.1 and 5.8 percentage points respectively compared with May.

At the same time, the tax policy also strongly supports the steady increase of mass consumption such as automobiles, boosting the release of domestic demand potential. At the end of May, the State Council made it clear that the purchase tax on some passenger cars would be reduced by stages. For passenger cars with a displacement of 2.0 liters or less whose purchase date is from June 1 to December 31, 2022 and the bicycle price does not exceed 300,000 yuan, the vehicle purchase tax will be reduced by half to boost automobile consumption. This policy is expected to reduce the tax by 60 billion yuan.

The exemption of new energy vehicles from vehicle purchase tax policy also attracts consumers’ attention and stimulates the consumption potential of new energy vehicles. The reporter learned from State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China that from January to July this year, new energy vehicles were exempted from vehicle purchase tax of 40.68 billion yuan, up 108.5% year-on-year, of which 7.17 billion yuan was exempted from vehicle purchase tax in July, up 119.1% year-on-year. According to the data of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, from January to July this year, the sales volume of new energy vehicles reached 3.194 million, a year-on-year increase of 1.2 times.

On August 18th, the executive meeting of the State Council decided to continue to implement the vehicle purchase tax exemption policy for new energy vehicles until the end of 2023. This is the third time that China has continued to implement the tax exemption policy for new energy vehicles since it was first implemented in 2014. It is estimated that the tax exemption will be increased by 100 billion yuan.

"Compared with the same period of last year, the sales revenue of our company’s new energy vehicles has increased by over 40 million yuan this year, with a year-on-year increase of nearly 120%. The continued implementation of preferential tax policies has injected new impetus into the market." Li Xuemei, the person in charge of Hengsi Automobile Sales Co., Ltd. in Suining City, Sichuan Province, said that some hot-selling new energy vehicles have even been pre-ordered for delivery, and more than 100 vehicles have been booked in early August alone. The sales volume of the traditional gold consumption season in the automobile market is expected to maintain rapid growth in September.

"In the next step, we should continue to do a good job in promoting investment and promoting the implementation of consumption fiscal policies, and form a joint force of diversified fiscal policies. Strengthen the linkage between fiscal and monetary policies, support the implementation of policy-oriented development financial instruments, make up for the current lack of investment and consumer demand, and achieve the comprehensive effect of expanding effective investment, driving employment and promoting consumption. " Li Xuhong said. (Reporter Zeng Jinhua)

Prosecutors teach legal knowledge in interaction with classmates.

The prosecutor used the case interpretation method to guide the students to learn how to respect the law.

Students actively participated in mock trial activities, and the atmosphere was warm.

In order to enhance minors’ awareness and ability of self-protection and spend the winter vacation and Spring Festival safely, Dongping County Procuratorate of Shandong Province recently jointly launched a series of activities of "12355 Youth Self-protection and Safe Spring Festival" with relevant departments.

During the activity, the hospital and the county public security bureau jointly carried out surprise inspections and investigations on the reception of minors in accommodation places, arranged the accommodation situation, and checked whether hotels, hotels and other accommodation places strictly implemented the mandatory reporting system and the "five musts" for the reception of minors according to the registration information and computer input. The prosecutor also explained the contents of the occupancy regulations and mandatory reporting system in the Law on the Protection of Minors and the legal consequences of failure to implement them, guiding them to further improve their sense of social responsibility and industry self-discipline.

At the same time, the prosecutor of Qingling in the hospital also used multimedia presentations, interactive questions and answers, mock trial and other methods to educate and guide students to firmly establish a sense of cherishing life and safety first, and combined with real cases, explained how to prevent criminal acts that infringe on teenagers’ physical and mental health and legitimate rights and interests, such as sexual assault and school bullying, and guided them to strengthen the concept of the rule of law and protect them according to law.Our reporter Guo Shuhe Correspondent JUNG WOO photo

(Original title: Safe Spring Festival)

　　Chinanews. com, September 23 rd, today, a paragraph about "guangzhou city construction college Security ‘ Catch ’ The video of "takeaway" spread on the Internet, causing social concern. Guangzhou city construction college responded in his official Weibo that the students had not suffered any injuries, and the school had warned and criticized the inappropriate behavior of the security guards.

　　According to the information released by guangzhou city construction college, from September 11th, sophomores and juniors of this school will return to school in batches and by stages according to the relevant regulations of their superiors and the school. In order to ensure the health and food safety of students returning to school, the school clearly informs students not to leave school unless necessary (those who really need to leave school should report to the counselor), and prohibits the delivery of take-away food and take-away food from entering the campus. Since the students returned to school, there has been no food safety accident in the school.

　　The school said that at 12 noon that day, a boy took a takeaway from the top of the school wall. After the security guard found it, he stepped forward to dissuade him, and the students ran to the teaching building with the takeaway. In this process, the security guards are chasing. It is understood that this student did not have any injury from beginning to end during the running process.

　　The school said that the school had reminded and criticized the inappropriate behavior of the security guards.

Guangzhou city construction college official Weibo screenshot

　　　　I. The Life of Marx and Engels and Their Press and Publication Activities
　　　　
　　　　Karl Marx (May 5, 1818—March 14, 1883) was born in Teller, an ancient city in southwest Germany. His father was an enlightened lawyer and his mother was a Dutch Jew. He graduated from the Law Department of the University of Berlin in 1841, and received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Jena in the same year. Friedrich engels (1820.11.28-1895.8.5) was born in Bamen, a small town in western Germany (now included in Wuppertal). My father is an apprentice textile industrialist. Without graduating from high school, I went to a business as an apprentice and taught myself. Worked as an artillery in Berlin for two years from 1841 to 1842. From 1850 to 1870, he was a merchant in Manchester, England.
　　　　
　　　　"Rheinische Zeitung", founded by Marx, was actually the editor-in-chief in the later period (1842-1843), and Engels was the correspondent of the newspaper. New Rheinische Zeitung and New Rheinische Zeitung Review were founded by Marx and Engels, with Marx as the editor-in-chief (1848-1849 and 1850) and Engels as the main editor. New york Daily Tribune, written by Marx and Engels in 1851-1862; The New Encyclopedia of America was written by Marx and Engels in 1860-1861. They wrote articles for more than 200 newspapers and periodicals, and about 1500 newspapers and periodicals were mentioned in their works, of which The Times mentioned about 1000 times. 12 newspapers and periodicals founded or edited. I have planned to set up publishing houses and news agencies many times.
　　　　
　　　　Second, Marx and Engels’ communication and news thoughtsThe concept of "world communication"
　　　　
　　　　Marx and Engels were expelled by reactionaries from all over the world and finally fled to Britain to settle down. Therefore, we say that Marx and Engels have no motherland and are citizens of the world. Just because they are citizens of the world, they have a vision beyond national boundaries that other revolutionaries do not have to discuss the development of the whole mankind. In this case, Mann was able to observe from the highest angle.
　　　　
　　　　At that time, the industrial revolutionary society was in a period of high tide. At that time, Marx predicted that the future society had four characteristics. The first feature is that the world’s production structure will change in the future, with information and service industries as the mainstay. This society is our present information society. Second, the labor structure of the future society will change. This sign is that manual labor will no longer be the mainstay, but intellectual labor will be the mainstay. Even at that time, Marx imagined that industry was to operate machines in a small room and then direct the whole production process. There is no one in this production process, and there is a certain distance between people and the production process. This machine is our computer now. Third, the structure of social resources will be based on information and knowledge. At that time, there were two main social resource structures: one was coal mine, the other was energy, and the other was the main raw material for cotton, light industry and heavy industry. At that time, Marx predicted that the resource structure of the future society is mainly information and knowledge, and that is our present society. There is also a fourth feature, that is, it is no longer the administrative organization that occupies the center of society, but the scientific organization and decision-making organization. That is to say, knowledge is dominant and think tanks are dominant. Intellectuals are actually the backbone of society. Now we are watching George W. Bush and Blair, which are very beautiful on TV. In fact, it is the think tank behind them that really determines the leadership level of a country.
　　　　
　　　　Marx’s understanding of electronic media (mainly telegrams at that time) can be summed up as: destroying space with time. The only electronic media in the period of Marx and Engels was the telegraph, which was invented in 1844. When the first experiment was successful, the first sentence sent was "What did God create? God created human wisdom. " In 1847, when the telegraph was invented for several years before it was applied to society, Marx and Engels wrote it into one of the great representatives of productive forces created by the bourgeoisie, and they attached great importance to it. A few years later, the telegraph began to spread in Europe, and it was Marx who first reported the popularity of the telegraph in Britain and sent it as a message. Moreover, Marx said that the telegraph has turned the whole of Europe into a stock exchange, and railways and ships have expanded the means of communication and the possibility of exchange by a hundred times. This passage makes it easy for us to think of McLuhan’s words, which are completely consistent with McLuhan’s thoughts. McLuhan regards the whole earth as a global village, while Marx regards the whole Europe as a stock exchange. Why? Because Marx saw the telegram, which just appeared at that time.
　　　　
　　　　By the time of McLuhan, the information dissemination technology was quite developed. At that time, there were two sources of economic crisis in the world, one was the United States and the other was India. Because the industrial center and political center at that time were Britain, the one-month voyage from Britain to the United States and the three-month voyage from Britain to India had to bypass the Cape of Good Hope. At that time, information transmission was very difficult, so many problems appeared. The biggest problem was the worldwide economic crisis, which often broke out because of the lack of information communication. Engels said that since the telegraph appeared, 90 percent of the world economic crisis has been eliminated. Because before the telegraph, for example, Britain needed cotton, and this message finally reached India, which desperately produced cotton. It has experienced a long time difference. Finally, cotton was produced and shipped to Britain, and suddenly there was a surplus of cotton, and a global economic crisis broke out. With the telegraph, we can cross mountains and rivers in a few seconds. So Marx summed up a passage, what is the nature of telegraph? Is to shorten the space with time. All electronic media in our school now have this feature. This will turn the world into a global village.
　　　　
　　　　Third, in the 19th century, the communication between people and people, between nations, was very frequent. Our textbooks generally say that a certain country invaded us. If the missionaries from that country came to that country, it would be aggression and cultural aggression. This statement can’t be wrong, it’s a matter of perspective. Then let’s look at it from another perspective. At that time, Marx and Engels mentioned the exchanges between many European countries and third world countries. At that time, we thought differently from what we think now. For example, there was a war between the United States and Mexico, so it was a sentence that the United States invaded Mexico, but Engels said so. In America, we were very happy to see Mexico conquered by another country. This country has always been immersed in internal affairs, and it has been torn apart in the long-term civil war and lost all possibilities for development. Now it is forced to be involved in the historical movement, and it is in its development interest that Mexico will be under the guardianship of the United States. What’s the harm of getting rich California out of Mexico, which has no effect on her? What’s wrong with the energetic Americans fully exploiting the Jinsha mine there, increasing the means of circulation, concentrating the dense population along the Pacific coast in a short time, developing extensive trade, establishing several big cities, opening up ship traffic, and laying a railway from new york to San Francisco, so as to make the Pacific truly contact with modern civilization for the first time, and opening up a new direction for human trade for the third time in history?
　　　　
　　　　After more than 150 years of proof, Engels’ words are completely correct. The land that once belonged to Mexico has become the richest place in the world. People all over the world want to run to that place. So that the United States built a long and long border wall on the Mexican border to prevent others from running there. This is the progress of mankind, not just the progress of the United States. In this sense, Marx and Engels stood higher than others. The same idea is also suitable for the relationship between the west and the east. In some of Marne’s books, it is mentioned that Britain invaded India, and Britain opened the door to China. It was very cruel for them to sneak into these countries, and at the same time, they thought that these invaders objectively played a role in spreading civilization.
　　　　
　　　　Understanding of news1. Changes generate news.
　　　　
　　　　In our textbooks, the definition of news generally adopts the report that Lu Dingyi’s news is a recent fact, but we know that 99% of the recent facts have no news value and it is impossible to report them all. So what is news? Marx said that changes produce news, and the fact that the cycle is repeated has no news value, only the fact that changes break the routine has news value.
　　　　
　　　　2. News changes at different levels.
　　　　
　　　　Marx mentioned that news has high season and low season, but the media have to publish news every day, which creates a new phenomenon. The headlines of newspapers sometimes know some news with low news value. Sometimes when major news comes out, relatively minor news can’t even be arranged on the page. At that time, a series of revolutions took place in the European continent in the 19th century, and a good newspaper like The Times appeared, which often reported some important news. Without these important news, The Times would be reluctant. Marx once said, without the French Revolution, the German uprising, the Italian uprising, the Hungarian war, the French shooting and the hanging in Austria, The Times had to live on the inferior goods in Smithfield market every day, the smoky and muddy roads in London, the rough coachman’s six bridges on the Thames, the vulgar cemetery infected with plague in the urban area, the disaster on the railway, the dirty mud and the fake scales in the London shopping mall and so on.
　　　　
　　　　At that time, how unfortunate the Times will be! This passage is actually about the level of news, hard news, Italian riots, French revolution, these major events will definitely be the front page once they happen. But these things can’t always happen. What do you usually do? Only by those trivial social news. This situation is also very common in our modern newspapers, but sometimes we don’t do important news because of some problems in our values. For example, after the 911 incident, almost all the headlines in the world reported on the incident. On September 12, The New York Times used 28 editions of the news page, of which 27 editions contained only one piece of news, namely the 911 incident, and the last edition was an advertisement. In The New York Times, 40% of the advertisements are in the news pages. Why is this day handled like this? It is because it knows that this matter is too important. Only the People’s Daily in China, the front page headline is the news that Jiang Zemin is holding the torch and a relay race has started. The 911 report was put on the front page, and it was reported by President Jiang Zemin’s letter to the President of the United States. Even the picture of two skyscrapers being crashed by planes didn’t make the front page.
　　　　
　　　　3. News timeliness.
　　　　
　　　　Needless to say, news is effective. Everyone knows that news can’t be effective. Take a passage from Marx, which was said in the editorial No.179 of the first article written by Marx on October 15, 1842, the first day when he was editor-in-chief, and compared the differences between philosophy and newspapers at that time. He said that philosophy is to sit on the sofa and think about some strange problems. Newspapers are always ready for battle and enthusiastic about sensational current problems that need to be reported urgently. This is the general nature of newspapers. If you want to do newspaper work, you should always pay attention to the outside, and you don’t know when or what will happen. It’s been more than 150 years, and then watch our TV and our newspaper. The news is flying all over the sky a few days ago. The news of the other day is the news before today. What era have we entered, and our media is still the news a few days ago? Even if we shouldn’t do this to history, today’s news is tomorrow’s history. We must be responsible for history when writing, even if it is late, you can honestly write down the date and month.
　　　　
　　　　4. The news is true.
　　　　
　　　　Our textbook says that truth is the life of news. This is a cliche. In fact, we journalists all know that news can’t be completely true. Why? Because we asked to report it at the first time, can you make it clear? But it must be reported. So Marx compared this metaphor to an organic movement called newspaper. Organic is indivisible and continuous. This is the way newspaper works. After an incident, the first report has errors, and the subsequent continuous reports naturally correct the previous errors. This is not the fault of the newspaper, it is the professional feature of the newspaper. The final report should be completely true. If the final report is not true, it is a mistake of the newspaper. We have a problem now. Our continuous report is wrong in the front and has not been corrected in the later report. At present, only a few newspapers have more genuine editions, namely Manfang Metropolis Daily and Beijing News. A more genuine version like The New York Times is in the second edition.
　　　　
　　　　5. "Newspapers are the necessary means of livelihood for workers."
　　　　
　　　　When we study Marx and Engels’ thoughts, we always say that economic partisanship is the basic nature of newspapers. But we ignore that newspapers are the necessary means of livelihood for workers. This is from the perspective of people. People are different from animals and need spirit, while newspapers provide spirit. In this sense, Marx once said that the newspaper at that time was not a workers’ newspaper, but a casual newspaper at that time. In today’s peaceful times, it is still very important for newspapers to provide people with means of subsistence.
　　　　
　　　　Party newspaper thought
　　　　
　　　　"What is the task of the party journal? The first is to organize discussions, demonstrate, expound and defend the party’s demands, and refute and overthrow the delusions and judgments of hostile parties. " This passage is from the Complete Works of Engels and has been quoted by many people before and after. First of all, this party is not a workers’ party, but a petty bourgeoisie party in Germany. It is not a party magazine but a leaflet. Engels criticized others for not propagating, and the leaflets were divorced from reality. Now let’s make it clear that the organizational structure of the party in Engels’ period was different from that of today. At that time, there were only dozens to hundreds of people at the core of the party. Party member, on the other hand, recorded the number of people who voted for this party in the general election, so the number was extremely large. Therefore, the organizational structure at that time was more loose and open, and it was not as strict as it is now.
　　　　
　　　　Marx and Engels’ working principles on the organ of Marxist workers’ political party are actually two. The first is that the party’s leading bodies, editorial departments and publishing houses of party newspapers should follow the "spirit of the party". The second point is that the Central Executive Committee of the Party "has the responsibility to supervise the principled position of the Party newspaper. The spirit of the party mainly refers to the program and articles of association resolutions adopted by the party congress. Marx and Engels believed that both the party’s leading bodies and the editorial department of the party newspaper would make mistakes, so they should follow one common thing, that is, the spirit of the party. Under this condition, there is another question. What is the relationship between the central organ of the Party and the editorial department of the newspaper? According to the regulations of party constitution at that time, the Central Executive Committee had the responsibility to supervise the principled position of party newspapers. Supervision, not leadership; Stand in principle, not report everything. In 1891, the central theoretical journal of the then German Social Democratic Party was called "New Era", which published Marx’s legacy, "Critique of the Geda Program", involving some party leaders who were still in power at that time. These leaders were very unhappy and announced that they would check "New Times". Engels wrote several letters after hearing about it, saying that trees can’t grow too high, which means don’t go too far.
　　　　
　　　　Iii. Lenin’s life and publishing activities
　　　　
　　　　Lenin was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on April 22nd, 1870. Lenin’s original name was Vladimir ilych Ulyanov, and Lenin was a pseudonym. His father Ilya nikolayevich Ulyanov is the director of national education in Simbilsk province, and his mother Maria Alexandrovna is the daughter of a rural doctor. She has only received family education, but she is qualified as a primary school teacher, has read many books, is versatile and is good at foreign languages and music. Lenin also had a sister and a brother. His brother participated in the assassination of Tsar Alexander in 1887 and was arrested and sentenced to hang.
　　　　
　　　　Lenin read through Das Kapital when he was fifteen and became a Marxist. In 1887, he entered the law department of Kazan University, and was expelled in the second year because of his revolutionary activities in the school. Self-study for four years. In December 1891, he passed the qualification examination for off-campus students and obtained the first-class diploma from the Law Department of Petersburg University. Moved to Petersburg in 1893. In 1895, the working class struggle association was founded. He was arrested in 1896 and exiled to Siberia. In exile, I met Crusca, a female revolutionary who was exiled with him, and fell in love and got married. Crusca can be said to be Lenin’s assistant, and she knows Lenin very well. Lenin met a very beautiful Boer Schewick member Inasha Armand in 1910. They fell in love at first sight and lived together. Among Lenin’s preserved letters, the most were addressed to her, totaling 125 letters, from 1898 to 1920. Lenin’s complete works in the second edition received 111 letters, and the addendum in the first volume received 14 letters.
　　　　
　　　　Lenin founded many newspapers in his life, about forty kinds. Because czarist Russia was a highly centralized country, there were policemen everywhere, so the time of newspaper publication was generally short. Unlike Marx and Engels, who lived in Britain, where the press was free, Lenin’s tsarist Russia was a country with no freedom at all, so everything Lenin wrote was written for party newspapers and magazines, and there were rules in the party that it was not allowed to be given to non-party newspapers and magazines. One more thing, Lenin’s writing is all political opinions, and he has never written news. Therefore, Lenin only has the thought of party newspaper, but not news. But there is a newsletter in his newspaper.
　　　　
　　　　There are two most important representative newspapers in which Lenin participated. The first is the Old Mars. In March 1898, the first congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party formulated the Workers’ Newspaper as the party’s organ newspaper. But within a few days, all the people involved in the party building work were arrested and the editorial department of the Workers’ Daily was destroyed. Lenin’s three articles for the Workers’ Daily were not discovered in the police station until after the victory of the revolution in 1917. Later, Lenin made up his mind to rebuild the newspaper. In 1900, Lenin Publishing Co-founded Old Mars with the Labor Liberation Society, with Lenin and plekhanov as editors-in-chief. Its main business is that Lenin is in charge and co-edited 52 issues. The main function of "Old Mars" is to connect the national Marxist groups in series through the publication of the newspaper and the correspondent system of the newspaper, thus convening the second party congress.
　　　　
　　　　Another newspaper founded by Lenin is also very famous, Pravda. Pravda was founded by Lenin in Petersburg on May 5, 1912. Therefore, May 5th is the publishing festival of the former Soviet Union. Lenin could not return to China, so he moved to Krakow, the nearest Polish city to Petersburg, to remotely control the newspaper. Lenin published articles in newspapers almost every day, from 1912 to 1914. In 1914, due to the outbreak of World War I, the newspaper was forced to stop publishing. During this period, it was repeatedly interfered by tsarist Russia. This newspaper was reissued in March after the victory of the revolution in February 1917. Pravda is the designated organ of the Russian Socialist Workers’ Party (Boer Schewick). The Russian Socialist Workers’ Party (Boer Schewick) was renamed Russian communist party (Boer Schewick) in 1918, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics communist party (Boer Schewick) in 1925, the Soviet Union communist party in 1953 and the Soviet Union communist party in 1991.
　　　　
　　　　Fourth, Lenin’s thought of party newspapers and periodicals1. Party spirit of the Party’s publications
　　　　
　　　　The concept of party spirit was put forward by Lenin. In 1898-1903, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (the predecessor of communist party in the Soviet Union) did not have a central leading body of the party, and Marxist groups in various places acted on their own, resulting in the indifference of the "party" consciousness. At that time, in 1904, the Tsar was in a critical moment, Tsarist Russia was defeated, and there were many domestic crises. As an opposition party, this was a very good opportunity, but the Democratic Party was in a mess. Lenin was very anxious and put forward a slogan: change from group habits to party spirit. In other words, the opposite of party spirit is group habits. As a member of a party, we must have the principles of the party and the concept of the whole party. Lenin himself was an intellectual, and naturally wanted freedom and didn’t want to be controlled, but Lenin was also the leader of the party, so Lenin himself was very contradictory. At that time, Lenin looked at it from the standpoint of the party. The leader of Meng Er Schewick looked at the problem from the standpoint of intellectuals and advocated freedom. This incident also caused a struggle between the two factions.
　　　　
　　　　So what is party spirit? This is a very empty concept. Lenin laid down three standards to measure party spirit. The first is the party’s program. That is, behavior and speech should conform to the party’s program. Second, the party’s constitution. It is the principle of organization, because there are always certain procedures in an organization, otherwise it will not be called an organization. Third, the party’s strategic decision. What are we going to do in the near future and what is our central task. It was also passed by everyone with their hands raised. This standard is very high. Lenin said that publications (including party newspapers, party journals, publishing houses, printing houses, libraries and newsstands, etc.) should follow the principle of party spirit and are the gears and screws of the whole social democratic machine.
　　　　
　　　　All of the above are conceptually. Organizationally, party newspapers, party journals, publishing houses, printing houses, libraries and even writers themselves must join a party organization and accept the leadership of the corresponding organization. This was severely criticized at that time, because most of the party newspapers, journals, publishing houses, printing houses and libraries were owned by party member. They stressed that these things are mine, not the party’s. Lenin stressed that I admit that these things are yours, and I don’t want to deprive you of ownership, but your identity is party member, and these people are well-known in society and are all intellectuals. Everyone in the society knows that you are party member and think that what you say is what the party says. In this sense, the party newspapers, journals, publishing houses, printing houses and libraries you run should also be included in this organization. This is also a requirement of the principle of party spirit.
　　　　
　　　　2. Lenin’s thought of freedom of the press
　　　　
　　　　We now think that the socialist idea of freedom of the press means that communist party led the people to overthrow the reactionaries, confiscated the publishing houses and printing houses of the big bourgeoisie, and communist party published newspapers on behalf of the people. That’s what we do now. But in fact, Lenin did not think so. Lenin was a very extensive democratic practice. Forty days before the victory of the October Revolution, on September 28th, 1917, Lenin published an article in Pravda, the then central organ newspaper, entitled "On constitutional conference’s Success (Freedom of the Press)". This article is devoted to freedom of the press. Lenin mentioned in his article that our revolution will soon win. After the victory, we in communist party will first overthrow the bourgeoisie and confiscate the publishing houses and printing houses of the big bourgeoisie. The key is what to do after confiscation? Lenin said that the state should be given first, and the political power belongs to the people. Secondly, it is given to the big party (plural) that won 100,000-200,000 votes in the two capitals. Third, given a certain number of citizen groups (for example, more than 10,000 people), they should also have freedom of the press and should be allocated paper and printing equipment.
　　　　
　　　　On the second day after the victory of the revolution, Lenin drafted a resolution on publication, followed by brackets: for example, more than 100 thousand people. In order to prevent others from taking advantage of loopholes. Because seven or eight people are also groups, and tens of thousands of people are also groups, it is impossible to distribute paper and printing equipment equally. Lenin’s thoughts are actually influenced by western democratic thoughts. After Lenin went abroad in 1900, he lived in Britain, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, Poland and Finland. He made full use of the freedom of the press and the freedom of the press in western countries. Lenin’s activity experience determined his ideological democratization. However, after returning to Russia, Russia is a highly feudal and centralized country, and it has to be autocratic, so Lenin is also very contradictory in this respect. Therefore, after the October Revolution, there were activities to seal up newspapers and periodicals, and many people were worried that it would undermine the freedom of the press. When Lenin announced the announcement, he promised that "once the new order is consolidated, all administrative measures that are not conducive to newspapers and periodicals will be abolished. According to the most extensive and progressive provisions in this regard, the press will be fully free within the scope of being responsible for the law." That is to say, news management is not ruled by man but by law. But Lenin’s idea didn’t come true. The reason is that Lenin neglected that Russia is a highly feudal and centralized country. Once in power, it was ruled by three parties, namely, Boer Schewick Party, Meng Schewick Party and Social Revolutionary Party, which Lenin called socialist parties. But none of these three parties wants multi-party governance, but one-party dictatorship. All three parties can publish very freely,This situation ended at the end of 1918, leaving only the Boer Schewick Party. This ending was unexpected by Lenin, so the situation envisioned by Lenin only lasted for half a year. After the implementation of the new economic policy, more than 400 kinds of private newspapers appeared in Soviet Russia. Lenin was in poor health at this time. He did not object to these newspapers, but just wanted to standardize the supervision policy.
　　　　
　　　　3. Lenin on the tasks of Soviet newspapers and periodicals
　　　　
　　　　Lenin put forward two important points:
　　　　
　　　　A. Set an example of a model labor commune: "We can and will be able to make the example power become an example of a labor organization that is moral first and compulsory second in the new Soviet Russia." We should set an example and set an example of an advanced commune, which is compulsory rather than voluntary.
　　　　
　　　　B. set up a "black list" in newspapers and periodicals. Blacklist is equivalent to the supervision of public opinion, and a column is set up to criticize backwardness.
　　　　
　　　　The background of his proposal is that the compulsory labor commune system, that is, the communist experiment, was implemented in March 1918, requiring everyone to participate in the labor commune, canceling commodity exchange, actually canceling currency, gradually eliminating family labor, and implementing public canteens. On this basis, newspapers also abolished the purchase system and promoted the distribution system, which Lenin thought was a step towards communism. At that time, Lenin’s understanding of newspapers and periodicals was obviously wrong. He also said: "Let the so-called daily news materials in our newspapers and periodicals be reduced to one tenth (if it can be reduced to one percent, it would be better), and let those newspapers and periodicals that introduce the exemplary deeds of a few advanced labor communes in China widely sell hundreds or millions!" Newspapers praise the advanced.
　　　　
　　　　Fortunately, Lenin realized his mistakes in time and corrected them. From the end of 1920 to the beginning of 1921, Lenin admitted his mistakes, canceled the communist experiment, implemented the new economic policy, resumed commodity exchange and currency, and resumed the subscription system of newspapers and periodicals. During the period of new economic policy, hundreds of private publishing houses and newspapers appeared, but disappeared after 1925. In March 1922, he opposed the adoption of a resolution prohibiting Pravda from advertising at the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Lenin admitted that a central organ newspaper like Pravda can also operate.
　　　　
　　　　……
　　　　
　　　　4. News activities of Mao Zedong and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation in China
　　　　
　　　　In October 1918, Mao Zedong joined the "Peking University Journalism Research Association", the first journalism academic group in China. After attending classes for half a year, Mao Zedong was deeply impressed by Shao Piaoping. Therefore, Mao Zedong knows journalism. Mao Zedong also edited Xiangjiang Review Weekly. In fact, he is the only one in this weekly. He made the manuscript all the way to school, and only a few manuscripts were written by others. Mao Zedong also understands a social newspaper. He participated in the editing of Hunan Ta Kung Pao from November 1919 to December 1922.
　　　　
　　　　Besides Mao Zedong, we should understand Mao Zedong’s news thoughts as those of the first generation of proletarian revolutionaries. So I have to mention Liu Shaoqi. Liu Shaoqi first joined the Russian Communist Party in 1921, at the Oriental Communist University. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, at the end of 1921, he became party member of the Communist Party of China. In 1922, he and Comrade Li Lisan returned to China to lead the Anyuan coal mine strike at that time. At that time, Liu Shaoqi edited the first publication Anyuan Xunxun, which was an internal publication. Later, Liu Shaoqi served as deputy secretary and vice chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions, and edited a series of party building publications. Liu Shaoqi served as the political commissar of the New Fourth Army and the top leader of the Party in East China, and served as the president of Jianghuai Daily. Later, when he came to Xibaipo, he and Comrade Zhu De set up the Central Working Committee and founded the People’s Daily in accordance with Mao Zedong’s instructions.
　　　　
　　　　Zhou Enlai is also one of the main leaders of our party. He was the editor-in-chief of the school newspaper when he was in middle school and university. He was very active and left many things behind. During the May 4th Movement, he was also the editor-in-chief of Journal of Tianjin Student Union. Zhou Enlai has also written more than 100 articles for Tianjin’s largest newspaper, Deliberation. During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the chairman of Xinhua Daily, the party’s organ newspaper in Kuomintang-controlled areas, and the director of Yan ‘an Broadcasting Committee.
　　　　
　　　　Deng Xiaoping, a younger proletarian revolutionary of the first generation, participated in the party’s newspaper work twice in history. Once in Paris in 1920, he participated in the editing work of "Youth" and "Red Light". The second time was an accidental opportunity. He became the editor-in-chief of a newspaper, because at that time, he was labeled as a "right-wing group" of Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zetan, Xie Weijun and Cooper, and he was reduced to a researcher in a village. He could be killed at any time. Wang Jiaxiang, director of the General Political Department, transferred Deng Xiaoping to the Propaganda Unit of the General Political Department, and edited the Red Star, the organ of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, from August 1933 to January 1935.
　　　　
　　　　Five, Mao Zedong’s party newspaper thought and news thought.
　　　　
　　　　1.1942 Yan ‘an Liberation Daily was revised.
　　　　
　　　　Mao Zedong’s party newspaper thought was put forward in 1942. On May 11th, 1941, Liberation Daily, the organ newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was founded. At that time, Comrade Bo Gu was appointed as the president. Bo Gu didn’t make up a big newspaper, only a few tabloids. He referred to Pravda. Pravda takes the international as its reporting object, and its guiding ideology is news-oriented. The layout adopted by Bo Gu is one international, two domestic, three border regions and four headquarters. Headlines are often international news, such as the Spanish civil war and the Soviet-German battlefield, which people at that time could not accept. Mao Zedong discovered this problem and changed the layout to: one side, two areas, three domestic and four international supplements. On March 31st, 1942, Mao Zedong said at the forum on revision: "Using Liberation Daily should be one of the regular business work of various organs. After the newspaper spreads the experience of a department, it can promote the transformation of other work. " Mao Zedong regards newspapers as the duty of leading work, and his duty is to guide the work through newspapers, which conforms to the national conditions of the base areas. Because at that time, there was almost no other way to communicate between the central and local governments except telegrams. Sending newspapers has become a very important way of communication. Therefore, the main points of Mao’s party newspaper thought are: guiding the work through newspapers. Under the influence of Mao Zedong, Bo Gu’s party newspaper thought changed completely. Later, some important reports in Liberation Daily were drafted by Bo Gu.
　　　　
　　　　On April 8, 1948, Mao Zedong summarized the thought of the party newspaper as the following famous saying: "The strength and function of the newspaper lies in its ability to make the party’s program, line, principles and policies, tasks and working methods meet the masses most quickly and extensively."
　　　　
　　　　2. Mao Zedong on the party spirit of the party newspaper and the party’s propaganda work.
　　　　
　　　　There are only three places where Mao Zedong can talk about party spirit and news and propaganda work. The first time was on March 14th, 1942, when Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Zhou Enlai informing that Jiefang Daily was going to be revised: "There have been discussions about Jiefang Daily, so as to enhance the party spirit and reflect the masses." Liberation Daily is not without party spirit, but it does not put party spirit first, so it should be strengthened. The second time was on October 28th, 1942. At that time, four branches of Xinhua News Agency published many articles against the Kuomintang, which created an impression in public opinion that communist party was ready to break with the Kuomintang. But the central government didn’t mean it at all. So Mao Zedong sent a telegram to the leaders of various regions about correctly propagating the party’s policies: "Make sure that the propaganda of news agencies and newspapers fully conforms to the party’s policies, and make sure that our propaganda enhances party spirit." It shows that we should correctly publicize the party. The third time was in May, 1957, when Mao Zedong criticized the Party’s newspaper struggle in the anti-rightist struggle, he said, "They denied the party spirit and class nature of newspapers …" It was not the Rightists who criticized them, but many central newspapers.
　　　　
　　　　Mao Zedong’s connotation of party spirit in journalism can be summarized into two main points: first, the overall awareness of the party, and efforts to publicize the party’s principles and policies; Second, news and propaganda work should conform to the party’s policies and strategies.
　　　　
　　　　3. The basic working methods of party newspapers: typical reports.
　　　　
　　　　On April 30th, 1942, the headline communication of Liberation Daily in Yan ‘an, "Wu Manyou, a model rural labor hero", was praised by Mao Zedong, and Wu became the first model in the border area. So the Liberation Daily was encouraged and publicized it every day. Since then, more than 600 typical figures and units have been publicized, with good results. It was closed until March 1927. This incident has greatly stimulated Mao Zedong, and has always encouraged the promotion of typical examples. Until the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, Mao Zedong gave the People’s Daily eight words: "There should be more typical ones and less comprehensive ones". This means that the People’s Daily should publish more typical and specific things and less empty talk. Typical reports played a very important role at that time. Because the society at that time was quite closed, we could live with a little information and be brilliant with a little sunshine. With this information, farmers will follow it. Because people like Wu Manyou are close to farmers and very kind. So when Wu Man paid public grain, everyone paid public grain, and Wu Man had spring sowing, so everyone planted it in spring.
　　　　
　　　　Why is our typical report quite successful after liberation? After liberation, we were surrounded by imperialism, the whole of China was surrounded, the information was closed, and people around us were what they were. The biggest example is Lei Feng, who can move the whole of China. Now that the reform and opening up have been carried out, there has been communication and comparison, and it will not be effective to be typical every day. After all, Mao Zedong’s thought of typical reporting was realistic and reasonable at that time, but now it is necessary to keep pace with the times.
　　　　
　　　　4. The whole party and the masses run newspapers.
　　　　
　　　　There are two different explanations about "the whole party runs a newspaper".
　　　　
　　　　One is that every catering unit, including the blackboard newspaper, should be led by the chief to run a newspaper, so that there are thousands of newspapers in the border area, which is called running a newspaper by the whole party. The other means that all party member should support newspaper work, and party secretaries at all levels should write editorials for newspapers.
　　　　
　　　　5. Newspaper criticism
　　　　
　　　　In 1950, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s decision to carry out criticism and self-criticism in newspapers and periodicals was revised by Liu Shaoqi. In 1954, Mao Zedong put forward the policy of "opening, improving and managing" in newspaper criticism. Now it is transformed into public opinion supervision.
　　　　
　　　　6. "Three Smells" Viewpoint
　　　　
　　　　Put forward in 1957: news, old news, unknown. Mao Zedong said that when some news happens, it is necessary to report it as soon as possible. Some news has happened and we deliberately don’t report it. When it gets old, it is old news. Some news happens, and we never report it, so it’s called ignorance or ignorance. This view is the view of class struggle. This thinking was reasonable at that time, but now I’m afraid it will keep pace with the times, and information disclosure has become a world trend.
　　　　
　　　　……
　　　　
　　　　8. Five Functions of Provincial Party Newspapers
　　　　
　　　　Mao Zedong put forward that party newspapers have the functions of organizing, encouraging, encouraging, criticizing and promoting (January 1958), which became the propaganda mobilization order of the Great Leap Forward.
　　　　
　　　　14. "Public opinion is uniform" and "public opinion is not uniform"
　　　　
　　　　In 1955, it was put forward: "It is impossible and inappropriate to make’ public opinion uniform’." "Our public opinion is uniform and not uniform. Among the people, advanced people and backward people are allowed to freely use our newspapers, publications, forums, etc. to compete, so that advanced people can educate backward people in a democratic and persuasive way and overcome backward ideas and systems. " For counter-revolutionaries, "only they are allowed to behave themselves, and they are not allowed to talk nonsense. Here, not only public opinion is uniform, but also the law is uniform."
　　　　……
　　　　
　　　　(Recording and finishing Shen Linfang This article has not been reviewed by myself)

Xinhua Street Community Health Service Station is located near West Fourth Ring South Road, Fengtai District, Beijing. The sign is eye-catching, but the glass door is locked. There is a sign at the door, which says that outpatient service is suspended.

It was a day in January, 2024. People came and went in front of this community health service station. Occasionally, someone went to the door to look at it, saying that they had come to take medicine to see a doctor. Unexpectedly, it was closed. A lady who lives nearby told China Newsweek that this service station has been closed for several years. "There are all kinds of things to say now, and some say that the boss owes money to run away; Some say that this service station belongs to private contracting, and now private contracting is not allowed. "

According to China News Weekly, this community hospital is indeed contracted by individuals. The contractor’s name is Li Penghui. In July 2020, Li Penghui was arrested on suspicion of committing fraud. In addition to this community hospital, Li Penghui also contracted seven other community hospitals in Fengtai District, Beijing.

On December 29th, 2023, the Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court (hereinafter referred to as "Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court") pronounced in the first instance that Li Penghui was convicted of fraud and sentenced to life imprisonment, and at the same time committed the crime of embezzlement, the crime of accepting bribes by non-state staff, and the crime of falsely invoicing, and decided to execute life imprisonment.

The court found that Li Penghui used eight community hospitals, including Xinhua Street Community Health Service Station, which he contracted, to collude with others to defraud the national medical insurance fund of more than 100 million yuan.

The Taiping Bridge Community Health Service Center contracted by Li Penghui has now closed. Photography/Our reporter Liu Xiangnan

Defrauding medical insurance funds by more than 100 million yuan

Before the incident, Li Penghui was a legal person of Beijing Jingminkang Investment Management Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Jingminkang Company"). On July 29th, 2020, he was detained by Fengtai Branch of Beijing Public Security Bureau and arrested on September 4th of the same year.

Also in the same case as Li Penghui are Fan Zongtang, Fan Wenyuan and Li Peirong. Before the incident, Fan Zongtang was the actual controller of Beijing Nengji Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Nengji Company"), Fan Wenyuan was the supervisor of Nengji Company, and Li Peirong was the financial controller of Jingminkang Company. They were both detained and arrested on the same day as Li Penghui.

After the investigation of Li Penghui by Fengtai Branch of Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, it was transferred to Fengtai District People’s Procuratorate of Beijing for examination and prosecution, and Fengtai District Procuratorate submitted the case to the Second Branch of Beijing People’s Procuratorate for examination and prosecution. In October 2021, the Second Branch of Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate filed a public prosecution with Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court. Regarding the part of Li Penghui suspected of fraud, the procuratorate found out the following facts:

From 2015 to 2020, four people, including Li Penghui and Fan Zongtang, conspired to illegally obtain national medical insurance funds. First, Li Penghui and Li Peirong instructed their employees Wang Mopeng and others (both handled separately) to purchase raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine privately or buy finished pieces of traditional Chinese medicine for Nengji Company, and then Fan Zongtang and Fan Wenyuan instructed their employees Chen Xiangcheng and others (both handled separately) to forge raw material inspection reports and production records and print medicines. It was sold to eight community health service stations (centers) such as Xinhua Street Community Health Service Station controlled by Li Penghui, and then these eight community health service stations (centers) defrauded the national medical insurance funds by claiming reimbursement.

The eight community hospitals contracted by Li Penghui are all designated medical insurance institutions. Photography/Our reporter Liu Xiangnan

From 2015 to 2020, four people, including Li Penghui, conspired to illegally obtain national medical insurance funds. During the process of purchasing and selling Chinese herbal pieces from Nengji Company in eight community health service stations (centers) controlled by Li Penghui, they instructed their employees to issue sales bills with two prices, conceal and inflate the actual purchase price and sales price of drugs, and declare reimbursement, thus defrauding the national medical insurance funds of more than 43 million yuan.

The eight community hospitals contracted by Li Penghui are located in Fengtai District, Beijing, including seven community health service stations including Xinhua Street, Zhenguo Temple, Liuliqiao Nanli, Chengnan Jiayuan, Fengti Times, Wangyuan and Indigo New District, and Taipingqiao Community Health Service Center.

Li Penghui was born in December 1973, and his domicile is Huaibin County, Xinyang City, Henan Province. Li Penghui’s father, Li Peiri, said that after graduating from high school, Li Penghui went to Shijiazhuang to study medicine, and then went to Beijing to develop as a dermatologist and open a clinic. Relevant legal documents show that Li Penghui has a college education.

According to Li Penghui’s confession, in 2014, he established Jingminkang Company to facilitate the management of the eight community hospitals he has contracted. These eight community hospitals belong to private non-enterprise units in nature, and are not allowed to engage in profit-making activities, and the surplus is not allowed to pay dividends, and they are all designated medical institutions for medical insurance. They all signed a trust agreement with Jingminkang Company to trust the management of people and property to Jingminkang Company.

According to the industrial and commercial information, Jingminkang Company has a registered capital of 20 million yuan, which is an enterprise mainly engaged in business services, and Li Penghui holds 100% of the shares. At present, the company still exists, but it has been listed as a restricted high-consumption enterprise by the court.

In the case of Li Penghui, another defendant, Li Peirong, was Li Penghui’s aunt and was born in 1963. Li Peiri said that he has nine brothers and sisters, and Li Peirong ranks in Laojiu. Li Peirong studied in high school, worked as a director of women in her hometown, and later came to Beijing to be in charge of finance in her nephew’s company. Among the relatives of the Li family, Wang Mopeng, the brother-in-law of Li Penghui, was arrested for the case. Wang Mopeng works as a purchasing manager in Jingminkang Company.

Fan Zongtang, the actual controller of Nengji Company, is the No.2 defendant, born in 1962, and his domicile is Bozhou, Anhui, a famous "drug capital". Another defendant, Fan Wenyuan, is the son of Fan Zongtang. According to the industrial and commercial information, Nengji Company was established in 2013 with a registered capital of 20 million yuan, which is mainly engaged in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Now the company has changed its alias and moved to a new address.

(Profile picture) The former Nengji Company located in Fangshan District of Beijing has been demolished.

Fan Zongtang’s wife Kang Huaying said that their hometown was in the suburb of Bozhou, Anhui Province. At the end of 1985, Fan Zongtang came to Beijing to do business, ran some clinics or hospitals, and sold the locally grown Chinese herbal medicines purchased in Bozhou to these clinics or hospitals. In 2008, Fan Zongtang rented land in Xiaoma Village, Qinglong Lake Town, Fangshan District, Beijing to build a factory for producing Chinese herbal medicines, named Beijing Shenghuitang Chinese Herbal Pieces Co., Ltd. In 2013, he rented another land in Xiaoma Village to build a new factory, namely Nengji Company.

The so-called decoction pieces of traditional Chinese medicine refer to the traditional Chinese medicine that can be directly used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine after being processed according to the theory and processing methods of traditional Chinese medicine. Fan Zongtang’s family revealed that the Chinese herbal medicines of Nengji Company were mainly purchased from Bozhou, Anhui Province, processed into Chinese medicine, and then supplied to many hospitals in Beijing. By the time Fan Zongtang and his son were arrested, Nengji Company had more than 70 hospitals in Beijing, including more than 40 community hospitals.

Fan Zongtang and Kang Huaying have three sons, among whom Fan Wenyuan was born in 1988, ranking second; The eldest brother named Fan Jinghui, born in 1985, was also arrested on the same day as Fan Zongtang and was dealt with separately. From 2018 to the incident, Fan Jinghui served as a legal person of Nengji Company. Kang Huaying was responsible for purchasing Chinese herbal medicines in Bozhou. She was also arrested on the same day as Fan Zongtang, and was not prosecuted.

"Special" Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pharmaceutical Factory

The case of Li Penghui was tried in Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court for three days. According to the first-instance judgment made by Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court, the trial of Li Penghui and others for fraud involved the testimony of more than 40 witnesses.

Hong Xu is Li Penghui’s cousin. He testified that in July, 2016, Li Penghui asked him to help Jingminkang Company, and his job was to distribute and carry goods in the pharmaceutical factory of Nengji Company. Around July 2020, Li Penghui asked him to go to Anguo, Hebei Province to buy Chinese herbal medicines with Wang Mopeng, who was in charge of purchasing in Jingminkang Company. They sent the bought herbs to Nengji Pharmaceutical Factory for processing and labeling, and then distributed them to community health service stations.

Hong Xu said that the price of the medicine they bought from Anguojin was very low, and the ex-factory price was the same as that of the medicine produced by Nengji Company, so his company could earn more difference. Moreover, the drugs are all drugs that can be reimbursed by medical insurance, and the drugs are not taken at their own expense, and these drugs are only sold to Jingminkang’s own health service station.

Notice materials about "Chinese herbal pieces" posted in a community hospital contracted by Li Penghui.

A number of employees who have done testing work in Nengji Company have testified that Wang Mopeng’s testing data of medicinal materials were falsified. Sun Ya, who went to work in the inspection team of the quality department of Nengji Company in March 2014, said that Wang Mopeng’s goods stored in Nengji Company included both raw materials and finished products. Wang’s goods were different from those of Nengji Company, and they were stored separately. Wang’s goods often had problems, and the factory had to leave Wang’s goods, so he was asked to falsify the data and change the inspection report. He also revised the origin and quantity of raw materials in the inspection report, because some raw materials in the origin are better, more famous and more expensive. An employee also testified that during the purchase, production and sales of Nengji Company, he found that Wang Mopeng’s goods were special. Other hospitals bought finished products from Nengji Company, but Wang Mopeng purchased the goods himself and stored and processed them in Nengji Company.

Fan Jinghui, who served as a legal person in Nengji Company, confessed that Nengji Company is mainly engaged in the production, processing and sales of Chinese herbal medicines, and its business scope is not allowed to buy finished Chinese herbal pieces, nor can it distribute finished Chinese herbal pieces of other brands. Most of the raw materials of Chinese herbal medicines of Nengji Company were collected by his mother Kang Huaying’s company from Bozhou medicinal materials market in Anhui Province, and some of them were imported from Anguojin, Hebei Province, which was purchased by Wang Mopeng on behalf of Li Penghui.

Most of the Chinese herbal pieces in eight community hospitals managed by Jingminkang Company are taken from Nengji Company. Fan Jinghui said that Wang Mopeng will give Nengji Company a procurement plan, and Nengji Company will start processing raw materials according to the types of this plan. Wang Mopeng’s finished products and raw materials of Chinese herbal medicines purchased from Anguo are stored separately in Nengji Company, and Wang Mopeng’s finished products can directly enter the warehouse of Nengji Company because Fan Zongtang and Li Penghui agreed before.

After Wang Mopeng’s raw materials enter Nengji Pharmaceutical Factory, the quality inspection department carries out quality inspection, and sometimes the results of quality inspection will be unqualified. In this case, Fan Jinghui will ask the inspector to re-examine and adjust the detection method until Wang Mopeng’s medicine is qualified; If it can’t pass, Fan Jinghui will contact a third-party inspection agency. According to the confession of Fan Jinghui’s younger brother Fan Wenyuan, if it is tested by a third party, it will basically be qualified.

Fan Jinghui confessed that during the testing process, he also asked the personnel of the quality inspection department to change the testing data. After the raw materials are processed, the employees in the production workshop will package Wang Mopeng’s medicine and affix the label of Nengji Company. The part of the finished product that Wang Mopeng entered Nengji Company did not have the test report of Chinese herbal medicine raw materials when he came, and Nengji Company helped to do the quality test report. In addition, it is necessary to write production records from Chinese herbal medicine raw materials to finished products, so he arranged for the staff of the production department to supplement the production records of Wang’s medicine.

Chen Xiangcheng, who is the head of the supply and marketing department in Nengji Company, confessed that the quality of Wang Mopeng’s goods is poor, and most of them are finished products. The goods with the trademark of Nengji Company must have a full set of production records, and Nengji Company will arrange people to make fake production records. The finished medicinal materials purchased by Wang Mopeng are directly packaged by the production department, and only a few need to be packaged after simple processing, and the production batch number is compiled.

The witness refers to "circular insurance fraud"

In January, 2024, China News Weekly visited eight community hospitals contracted by Li Penghui in Fengtai District, Beijing. Except for two community health service stations in Liuliqiao Nanli and Fengti Times, the other six have stopped operating. Chengnan Jiayuan Community Health Service Station on Majiapu Road no longer exists. Its original site now runs a car maintenance shop. A clerk said that this car maintenance shop has been open for two years, and there are still two red characters "medical insurance" on the top of the shop.

Although many of them have closed, the layout at that time can still be seen from the remaining furnishings. Walking into the community health service stations of Nanli and Fengti Times in Liuliqiao, which are still being treated, we can see that both community hospitals have specially set up "Chinese Medicine Pavilion" to promote Chinese medicine experts and Chinese medicine featured therapies such as scraping, massage, acupuncture and massage. On one side of the Zhenguo Temple Community Health Service Station, there is only a Cantonese restaurant. This community hospital has also set up a special "Zhenguo Temple Chinese Medicine Department", and the green characters of "Zhenguo Temple Chinese Medicine Department" are the same size as those of "Zhenguo Temple Community Health Service Station". Looking through the window glass of Xinhua Street Community Health Service Station, we can see that there is a slogan "Let you enjoy high-quality Chinese medicine service at your doorstep" on its publicity column, and an introduction to several Chinese medicine experts and a notice on "Adjustment of Chinese medicine decoction pieces" are posted.

A corner inside a community hospital contracted by Li Penghui. This edition of photography/our reporter Liu Xiangnan

According to Li Penghui’s confession, the Chinese herbal medicines in the eight community hospitals he runs are mainly imported from Nengji Company, and Fan Zongtang of Nengji Company promised to give them rebates. The money was first paid to Li Peirong’s account in charge of finance in Jingminkang Company, and then Li Peirong gave it to him. Each health service station (center) is independently accounted for and settled with Nengji Company respectively. The finance department of Jingminkang Company is mainly responsible for supervising these health service stations (centers).

Fan Zongtang confessed that he was introduced to Li Penghui. Li Penghui told him that several of his community health service stations bought Chinese herbal pieces from Nengji Company, and the amount was large, and the price was lower. He also offered a rebate. Li Penghui agreed with him that after the supply was completed, 15% ~ 20% of the transaction amount would be used as a rebate. In addition, Li Penghui bought some Chinese herbal medicines and sold them to Nengji Company, and Li earned some money. After being processed by Nengji Company, they were sold to Li Penghui’s community health service station. Because the medicines bought by Li Penghui were of low quality, these medicines could only be sold to Li Penghui’s own community health service station.

In the view of Fan Wenyuan, the son of Fan Zongtang, their cooperation with Li Penghui at the beginning was to make money. They felt a little illegal and risky, but they didn’t realize that there would be such serious consequences, so they went all the way to the crime.

Fan Wenyuan confessed that from the sales bills, we can distinguish the drugs of Nengji Company from those purchased by Wang Mopeng. First, the varieties are different. There are many kinds of drugs purchased from Nengji Company, but the number of each variety is small. Wang Mopeng purchased and processed drugs on his own behalf, but the number required is large; Second, from the point of view of discount rate, Nengji Company issued two tickets for its own medicine, one with discount rate was actually used to settle accounts with Wang Mopeng, and the other without discount rate was used to settle accounts with community health service stations. Wang Mopeng only had one ticket for the medicine he bought himself, and there was no discount rate. There must be two kinds of bills recorded by Nengji Company, one is tickets sold to eight community health service stations at low prices, and the other is bills purchased by Li Penghui himself.

Invoicing in this way, in the later judgment, was recognized by the court as a way for Li Penghui and Fan Zongtang to conspire to defraud the medical insurance fund. In this regard, Fan Jinghui also mentioned it in his confession. According to Fan Jinghui’s confession, Wang Mopeng ordered the goods from Nengji Company, and according to the ordering plan, priority was given to stocking the goods from Wang Mopeng’s own goods in Nengji Company, and the insufficient or no drugs were stocked from Nengji Company’s own finished goods. The billing office of Nengji Company will issue the accompanying bill separately, in which the accompanying bill of Wang Mopeng’s own goods will be sent away directly with the goods, and the person in the billing office will first issue a high-priced accompanying bill, and then issue a low-priced accompanying bill according to the lower price finalized by Fan Zongtang and others. This kind of change in unit price to issue high and low bills has been around since the end of 2017. The total amount of high-priced tickets minus the total amount of low-priced tickets is the profit of drugs that Li Penghui’s eight health service stations bought from Nengji Company, and their checkout is based on high-priced tickets.

Dong Mengmeng once worked as a cashier in Jingminkang Company. She testified and recalled that there are two kinds of Chinese herbal medicines used in various community health service stations controlled by Li Penghui, one is Nengji wholesale, and the other is Wang Mopeng wholesale, which is also called self-use wholesale. Private purchase of Chinese herbal medicines is a private communication between Li Penghui and the boss of Nengji Company. By reducing the cost of medicine and raising the price of medicine, the profit is maximized. There are differences in the quality and registration methods between Nengji wholesale and self-use wholesale. Nengji wholesale belongs to the regular pharmaceutical factory, and the self-use wholesale is the medicine that Wang Mopeng bought from outside, and the quality is not good. Dong Mengmeng said that Wang Mopeng bought low-priced drugs for Nengji Company, and then sold them to various community health service stations at the national standard price with the trademark of Nengji Company. Each community health service station was purchased with the medical insurance fund of the public account.

Throughout the case of Li Penghui, witness testimony directly mentioned the medical insurance fund, except Dong Mengmeng, and Zhang Hengxing, the accountant of Jingminkang Company. Zhang Hengxing testified: "The service station paid Nengji Company according to the accounting standard, using the medical insurance funds in the service station’s corporate account, and Nengji Company returned the wholesale money for its own use to Li Penghui and his designated personal account, and then Li Peirong took the money and gave it to Wang Mopeng to continue to buy cheap Chinese herbal medicines in Anguo."

"This is the cycle," Rolling Xing said. "This is a kind of deception, and it is the money from the medical insurance fund that is defrauded."

Judgment of first instance: the principal offender was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Community health service station is an important part of social public health service management, which plays an important role in the health service in China, but there are also problems. In October, 2021, the Supreme People’s Court reported seven typical cases of punishing medical insurance fraud according to law. One case was that a community health service station in Beijing defrauded more than 30 million yuan of national medical insurance funds by falsely prescribing drugs, and its legal person was sentenced to life imprisonment.

As for the case of Li Penghui, China News Weekly learned that it was the national medical insurance department that received the report and complaint, and then transferred the clue that "eight community health service stations were suspected of colluding with suppliers to falsely invoice and defraud the medical insurance fund" to the Beijing medical insurance department, which led to the case.

According to the judgment of the first instance, the Beijing Municipal Health Insurance Bureau issued a reply to prove that the actual payment amount of the Chinese herbal medicine medical insurance fund from the eight community hospitals involved in Li Penghui’s case from January 2015 to April 2020 (including the Wangyuan Community Health Service Station from May 2019) was 242,419,570.12 yuan, accounting for 81.28% of the total amount in all medical insurance transactions including Chinese herbal medicine project fees. The judicial audit report and the basic audit data on which it is based prove that from January 2015 to October 2019, of the amount of Chinese herbal pieces purchased from Nengji Company by eight community health service stations involved, the total amount of self-use wholesale (self-collected part) was 124,951,045.69 yuan, the total amount of Nengji wholesale was 90,643,353 yuan, and the total amount of Nengji delivery was 46,908,133.3 yuan; The related payment amount of Chinese herbal medicines collected by 8 community health service stations involved is 55981013.84 yuan.

During the trial, Li Penghui did not recognize the alleged crimes. For the crime of fraud, he argued that the raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine purchased by himself were of good quality and low price, and the drug price was reasonable after being processed and supplied to community hospitals by Nengji Company, and the price was not inflated. He never colluded with Fan Zongtang to defraud the medical insurance fund by means of high and low fares. His defender issued a defense opinion, arguing that Li Zicai’s medicinal materials are commercial operations, and low-price procurement and high-price sales are also market operations. No quality problems have been found in the above medicinal materials, and the sales prices of all links are in line with legal provisions and market conditions; Regarding the drug supply part of Nengji Company, the procurement, sales and declaration processes of health service stations are all legal, and the difference between high and low tickets is actually a kickback. In both modes, Li Penghui did not commit fraudulent acts such as fabricating facts, concealing the truth, maliciously colluding, and inflating drug prices, and the Medical Insurance Bureau did not have a wrong understanding. Li Penghui did not constitute fraud.

Regarding the fraud crimes of Li Penghui and others, the court judged that: objectively, Li Penghui, Fan Zongtang and others made up facts and concealed the truth; The evidence in the case can prove that the defendants cooperated with each other, fabricated the actual purchase price of Chinese herbal pieces, concealed the true basic data, and defrauded the medical insurance funds; Subjectively, each defendant has the intention of fraud and the purpose of illegal possession; The defendant’s defense and defense opinions that do not constitute fraud cannot be established, and the court will not accept them.

On December 29, 2023, Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court pronounced: Li Penghui committed the crime of fraud, the crime of occupation, the crime of accepting bribes by non-state staff, and the crime of falsely issuing invoices, and decided to execute life imprisonment and confiscate all personal property; Fan Zongtang committed fraud and bribed non-state staff and decided to execute 15 years in prison; Li Peirong committed the crime of fraud and duty embezzlement and decided to execute a fixed-term imprisonment of 15 years; Fan Wenyuan was convicted of fraud, bribery of non-state staff and forging the seal of the armed forces, and decided to execute 12 years in prison.

China News Weekly learned that many people in Nengji Company and Jingminkang Company, including Fan Jinghui and Wang Mopeng, were dealt with separately. Among them, Fan Jinghui was sentenced to four and a half years, Wang Mopeng was sentenced to five years, and Chen Xiangcheng, who was the head of the supply and marketing department of Nengji Company, was sentenced to seven years. Fan Zongtang and his son and Li Penghui refused to accept the verdict and appealed.

(Hong Xu, Sun Yaquan, Dong Mengmeng and Zhang Hengxing are pseudonyms)

Published in China Newsweek magazine, No.1128, February 5, 2024.

Magazine title: the whole story of the case of community hospital defrauding 100 million yuan of medical insurance

Reporter: Liu Xiangnan

Editor: Cai Rupeng