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The Japanese government recently said that it has initially decided to develop domestic air-to-air missiles, which will be equipped on the next-generation fighters jointly developed with Britain and Italy. Japan and Britain decided to jointly develop new air-to-air missiles many years ago. Now why did Japan change its mind and announce independent research and development? The US Air Force has demonstrated the "variant" air-to-air missile under development for the first time. What is the "unique skill" of the so-called "variant" missile? The recent decision of the United States to provide Ukraine with advanced air-to-air missiles has caused an uproar. To what extent can these American-made air-to-air missiles affect the current battlefield situation in Russia and Ukraine?

Data Map: An F-35A launched an AIM-120 air-to-air missile during the exercise (source: reference news).

Japan’s self-developed air-to-air missile

Air-to-air missile is the core equipment to gain air superiority, and its performance has a decisive influence on the outcome of air combat. Japanese media recently reported that the Japanese government has initially decided to develop domestic air-to-air missiles around the next generation of fighters jointly developed with Britain and Italy. Japan planned to jointly develop air-to-air missiles with Britain many years ago. Why should it announce its own development now?

Cao Weidong: In the early days, Japan independently developed a short-range air-to-air missile, but because it was too large to match the stealth fighter, it bought the AIM-120 air-to-air missile from the United States. However, the United States has a high level of technical secrecy and the price of missiles is very expensive, which is not the best choice for Japan. Therefore, Japan and Britain signed an agreement to jointly develop advanced air-to-air missiles. Japan recently announced that it would develop air-to-air missiles by itself, which may be a contradiction in the process of cooperation with Britain. For example, how to share the research and development funds, and who will tackle the key problems in which technologies.

Data Map: The concept map of the next-generation missile "with the front part of the rapidly rotating missile body" announced by the US Air Force (Source: China National Defense News)

The United States "mutated" air-to-air missiles

The US Air Force Research Laboratory demonstrated the "variant" air-to-air missile under development for the first time at the 2023 War Seminar of the Air Force and Space Forces Association. It is said that the warhead of this "variant" air-to-air missile can realize large-angle steering. What effect does this have on actual combat?

Cao Weidong: Air-to-air missiles are usually launched from the back of the opposing plane, and the plane in front will give an alarm to the pilot when it finds a missile coming from behind. As we all know, the speed of the plane is lower than that of the missile, so when the plane turns sharply, the missile may rush past because of its too fast speed. This so-called "mutant" missile of the United States can solve this problem. When the plane turns sharply, the missile can also slow down at the same time, realize a large angle turn, continue to track the target and attack the target.

Data map: Indian Su -30MKI fighter with Russian-made R-77 and R-73 missiles (source: reference news)

Air-to-air missiles are not Russian strengths.

Previously, the development of air-to-air missiles in the Soviet Union has been lagging behind that in the United States. Both the short-range air-to-air missile R-73 and the long-range air-to-air missile R-77 are inferior in comprehensive performance to the American AIM-9 "Rattlesnake" and AIM-120 series, which have been continuously improved. According to your observation, is there any breakthrough in the performance of Russian air-to-air missiles today?

Cao Weidong: Actually, Russia’s air-to-air missiles have never surpassed the United States in performance. The focus of Russian missile research and development is on hypersonic missiles. As far as the competition between planes for air supremacy is concerned, what Russia highlights is not how advanced air-to-air missiles are, but the advanced performance of aircraft. For example, the Su -35 aircraft focuses on improving the radar, which can be found and attacked by the enemy first, and the bomb load is relatively large. If it is an air-to-air missile, at least seven or eight pieces can be mounted, and the aircraft itself has better maneuverability, so Russia makes up for the shortage of air-to-air missiles by improving the performance of the aircraft.

Data Map: AIM-9M Diamondback missile can be launched from the air or the ground (Source: World Wide Web)

On the battlefield between Russia and Ukraine

Air-to-air missiles have limited functions.

It is reported that AIM-9M "Sidewinder" air-to-air missile appeared for the first time in the list of military aid to Ukraine announced by the United States at the end of August. In addition, the United States also said some time ago that it would deliver more than 100 AIM-120 medium-range air-to-air missiles to Ukraine. How much can these American-made air-to-air missiles play in changing the battlefield situation in Russia and Ukraine?

Cao Weidong: The number of manned combat aircraft in Ukraine is relatively small. At present, Russia still holds the air superiority in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The air-to-air missiles provided by the United States to Ukraine are mainly for the F-16 fighters or Gryphon fighters provided by the United States and NATO to Ukraine in the future. Now even if Ukraine is given more advanced missiles, Ukraine can’t give full play to its role. Is there an early warning aircraft to help indicate the target? Are there any other missiles to help maintain the security of airspace? These problems will become the key to the air supremacy. Occasionally mounting such advanced missiles will not play much role in the air supremacy, and its role in the current Russian-Ukrainian battlefield is very limited.

Data Map: US soldiers loaded Hellfire air-to-surface missiles on AH-64 Apache helicopter (Source: China Defense News)

Future development of air-to-air missiles

For the future development trend of air-to-air missiles, some analysts believe that the focus will be on two directions: first, the size and weight of the missile body will be greatly reduced while maintaining the existing range; Another development trend is to greatly increase the range while maintaining the size and weight of the existing projectile. What key factors do you think will be covered in the future development of air-to-air missiles? How will air-to-air missiles become operational multipliers and winning magic weapons in the future high confrontation environment?

Cao Weidong: Air-to-air missiles are mounted on airplanes, which affects the flexibility and range of airplanes to some extent. In the future, air-to-air missiles should have a long range and be able to strike each other outside the defense zone. The second is high precision, making a fuss about intelligence and letting the missile search for the target by itself. The third is to pay attention to the development of stealth, such as using composite materials or stealth materials to improve penetration ability.

(Yang Guangwang Military Channel reporter: Hu Wei)

　　Editor’s note:The beginning is related to the overall situation, and the beginning determines the future. Looking back on 2021, into 2022, the great changes in the world that have never happened in a century have accelerated its evolution. China has embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and embarked on a new road of catching up for the exam to achieve the goal of the second century. What kind of answers have been handed over in China for the first exam at the beginning of the 14 th Five-Year Plan? What are the highlights of economic and social development and people’s livelihood security? What structural and local problems need attention in the new era and new journey? What are the new and hard measures to implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern and promote high-quality development in various places? Yangguang. com specially launched a series of reports on the "14th Five-Year Plan", focusing on the new atmosphere and new thinking in the opening year from multiple angles.

　　Yang Guangwang Guizhou January 11 th newsThis is an era of "keywords"! When you think of people and things around you, you will unconsciously match some keywords.

　　Speaking of "GuiZhou", what do you associate with it? What are the key words in your heart?

　　In October 2021, colorful Guizhou hot words were released, and the "Guizhou hot words" with the highest praise from overseas audiences included: Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), National Big Data (Guizhou) Comprehensive Experimental Zone, Zunyi Conference, Guizhou Green Agricultural Products, etc.

　　Behind the "hot words" in 2021 is the road of high-quality development in Guizhou.

　　— — Consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively connecting with rural revitalization have been steadily advanced.

　　— — The economic growth rate has been in the forefront of the country for 10 consecutive years.

　　— — The growth rate of the digital economy has ranked first in the country for six consecutive years. Talking about big data must talk about Guizhou as an industry consensus.

　　— — The forest coverage rate reached 61.5%, and the excellent rate of water quality in the exit sections of major rivers remained at 100%.

　　Autumn scenery, Yanzhai Terrace, Rongjiang County, Qiandongnan Prefecture (photo by Yang Guangwang reporter Zhang Yijing)

　　Make every effort to revitalize the countryside.

　　"It is not difficult to win, but it is difficult for those who hold it."

　　2021 is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", and it is also a crucial year to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively link up with rural revitalization.

　　"When we pull out, we must pay attention to the whole angle above, and we must connect it and not let it burst." Xiao Yanfang, a worker, is making a product packaging box in the manual operation area of the poverty alleviation workshop of Kunbi DreamWorks, the resettlement site of Aitun immigrants in Beacon Street, Bijiang District, tongren city.

　　In 2020, Xiao Yanfang, who moved from Songtao to Aitun community, was originally worried that she could not find a satisfactory job. The news of recruiting employees in the poverty alleviation workshop of Kunbi DreamWorks introduced in Bijiang District caught her attention. After registration and skills training, Xiao Yanfang was successfully employed.

　　Workers in the poverty alleviation workshop of the lighthouse Aitun resettlement site in Bijiang District, tongren city are making packaging boxes (photo by Yang Guangwang, Ceng Jiang)

　　"It’s easier to work here, it’s convenient to take care of children, and it also lightens the burden on our family." Xiao Yanfang said.

　　The poverty alleviation workshop of Kunbi DreamWorks is a new employment model specially created for resettlement sites. The factory focuses on solving the employment problems of poor households, relocated households and disabled people in resettlement sites, so that most idle laborers can have jobs and income.

　　In 2021, Guizhou will do a good job in ensuring the employment service for rural laborers returning to their hometowns by taking online live broadcasts and offline special recruitment. By the end of November 2021, the human and social departments of the province had identified 2,239 employment assistance workshops (bases), with a total employment of 250,400 people; 755 employment and entrepreneurship service centers (points) were established in the relocation and resettlement communities in the province, which promoted employment for a total of 212,200 people.

　　Industrial development is the key to rural revitalization and opening up a new bureau.

　　Winter is the key period for planting Pseudostellaria heterophylla. In the planting base of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Anshan Village, Kelou Town, Cengong County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, local villagers seized the favorable weather and were busy leveling the land, sowing seeds and fertilizing, and the fields in the mountains showed a busy scene.

　　At the planting base of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Anshan Village, Kelou Town, Cengong County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, villagers are planting Pseudostellaria heterophylla (photo by Huang Yan from Yangguang. com)

　　"A faster day to dig medicinal materials can earn about 160 yuan, and a slower one has seventy or eighty dollars, and the income is not bad." Hu Dinge, a villager in anshan village who is busy sowing Radix Pseudostellariae in the planting base, said.

　　At present, Pseudostellaria heterophylla has become one of the important pillar industries in Kelou Town. The town has planted 6,700 mu of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, with an annual output of more than 1,400 tons and an output value of about 40 million yuan.

　　Based on the advantages of resources, focusing on market orientation and precise positioning, Guizhou Province has dug deep into the "characteristics", vigorously developed the cultivation of characteristic agricultural products and Chinese herbal medicines, continuously promoted the construction of "one township, one industry" and "one village, one product" characteristic industrial bases, and continuously broadened the channels for local people to increase their employment and income.

　　Guizhou’s "14th Five-Year Plan" puts forward that Guizhou Province will make every effort to consolidate and expand the achievements of tackling poverty, develop rural industries, improve rural living environment, build rural civilization, strengthen rural governance and promote rural revitalization.

　　Fully tapping the development value of big data and deep integration with rural revitalization is the time choice for Guizhou to achieve rural revitalization.

　　Ride the "Cloud" and "Break a New Path"

　　"Big data is applied to vegetables!" Entering Jiufeng Agricultural Expo Park in Wanshan District, tongren city, all kinds of intelligent equipment are creating a good growth environment for fruits, vegetables and other crops growing in greenhouses.

　　Wang Shouming, general manager of the park, said that Jiufeng Agricultural Expo Park relies on big data and uses a variety of intelligent equipment to build a digital agricultural workshop and accurately introduce new forms of smart agriculture, thus solving the pain points of scattered local agricultural development plots, lack of technology, lack of funds and low-end marketing in the past.

　　Aerial photography of Jiufeng Agricultural Expo Park in Wanshan District, tongren city (photo by Qian Changjiang from Yangguang. com)

　　"Big Data+Agriculture", "Big Data+Ecology", "Big Data+Intelligent Manufacturing" and "Big Data+Social Governance" … … "Number" integrates all trades, "wisdom" promotes everything, and "data", a new production factor, has become a powerful power source for Guizhou’s economic and social development, helping all walks of life and all fields to improve quality and efficiency.

　　They set up their own stage, sing operas separately, and are not open to each other. These used to be the old crux of the informationization construction of government departments. Nowadays, digital governance is not only a new means and tool, but also provides a new method and new way to improve the level of social governance.

　　In 2021, Guizhou Province fully implemented the construction of "digital government", and "one cloud, one network and one platform" was continuously optimized and improved. The data sharing and exchange platform realized the integration of provinces and cities, and the pilot provinces of national integrated online government service platform, national social credit system and big data integration development were accelerated, and the national public data resources development and utilization pilot tasks were fully completed. Guizhou government data opening is one of the five A-class regions in China.

　　"In the past, the department that changed the business license ran, and that department ran. Sometimes it ran back and forth a few times or said that the materials were poor." Duan Ying, a citizen of Guiyang, has been engaged in the clothing industry for many years. Due to the change of business location, his business license has been changed many times.

　　Intelligent government self-service counter in Guizhou Province (photo by reporter Zhou Wei from Yangguang. com)

　　"Now you can apply for it on the Guizhou government service network, and the related business can be done by yourself, which is much more convenient." Duan Ying said. After logging in to the "One Netcom Office" platform on the computer, the application conditions, application materials, handling procedures and other information can be seen at a glance, and relevant materials can be submitted as required, which saves time and effort.

　　In the 2021 national key city government data opening appraisal, Guiyang ranked fourth, second only to Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu; For six consecutive years, the growth rate of digital economy ranked first in China … …

　　Today’s Guizhou, walking into the countryside, can see that big data has put a "smart eye" on rural development, and a "smart core" on rural revitalization and ecological governance.

　　"Since October last year, I have obtained 3,912 yuan of carbon sink funds. I used this money to buy a new mobile phone for my children, which is convenient for them to go to class online. Planting trees can not only protect the ecological environment, but also increase our income." Wang Dexian, a representative of forest households in Tubu Village, Nayong County, said.

　　In order to transform the ecological value of the forest into economic value, Guizhou Province organized and implemented the project of precise poverty alleviation by carbon sequestration per plant, developed the big data platform of precise poverty alleviation by using big data technology, entered the tree information and basic information of poor households into the big data platform of precise poverty alleviation by carbon sequestration per plant in Guizhou Province, established databases of trees, carbon sequestration value and basic information of poor households, and mobilized individuals, enterprises, institutions and social groups to make purchases.

　　According to estimates, a tree with a DBH of about 5 cm has an annual carbon sink of about 10 kg, which can absorb 10 kg of carbon dioxide and release 7.5 kg of oxygen. According to the carbon sink of trees and the domestic and international carbon market prices, Guizhou Province determined that the annual carbon sink price of each tree was 3 yuan, which could be sold continuously for 6 years after development, and sustainable development after 6 years.

　　Talking about big data means talking about Guizhou, and talking about Guizhou means talking about "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)".

　　Located in Dawodang, Pingtang County, Qiannan Prefecture, the 500-meter spherical radio telescope (FAST) is the largest single-aperture radio telescope in the world, and is known as the "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)". As a major national science and technology infrastructure, this giant eye for the sky and the heavy weapon of the country is located in the mountains, staring at the stars and exploring the universe.

　　At present, the actual observation time of FAST has reached 5370 hours, and its astronomical big data processing and astronomical research have achieved fruitful results: millisecond pulsars have been continuously discovered; Significant progress has been made in the measurement of interstellar magnetic field by FAST neutral hydrogen spectrum; Obtain the largest sample of fast radio burst events so far, and reveal the complete energy spectrum and its bimodal structure &hellip for the first time. …

　　In 2021, scientists achieved a number of important scientific research results relying on FAST. Based on the obvious advantages of ultra-high sensitivity, FAST has become a powerful tool for observing the sky in the field of medium and low frequency radio astronomy. In the future, FAST is planning to devote 1% of its observation time to primary and secondary school students all over the country, and scientists will cooperate with children to explore their own whimsy.

　　Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) (photo by Yang Guangwang and Li Qinghong)

　　Taking the FAST project operation as an opportunity to provide various security services, Guizhou Province has planned, built and built a number of major infrastructures, which has effectively promoted the rapid development of regional economy and society. In Kedu Town, Pingtang County, where the FAST project is located, with the "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" scenic spot and Kedu Town Astronomical Science Museum being built one after another, the town has gradually become the punching place of online celebrity. "Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)" has become a beautiful world-class business card in Guizhou.

　　The average annual temperature in Guizhou Province is about 15 degrees, and PM2.5 is below 30 all the year round. Guiyang is called "cool Guiyang" because of its cool weather. Thanks to its high altitude, low temperature, low electricity price and non-seismic zone, many enterprises have established their data centers in Guizhou Province. According to statistics, there are 23 key data centers in operation and under construction in Guizhou Province, with 4 million planning servers.

　　As the "China Computer Room", Guizhou, with its innate ecological advantages, has been attracting the digital economy industry to settle down, and has been making continuous efforts to integrate big data and big ecology, and to explore the deep combination of advanced technology of big data and ecological environment governance.

　　Green forest land turns into "golden treasure land"

　　In February 2021, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out during his inspection in Guizhou that an excellent ecological environment is Guizhou’s greatest development advantage and competitive advantage.

　　On June 28, 2021, Libo Seven Small Arches Scenic Area was full of tourists (photo by Yao Xiandun from Yangguang. com)

　　As the first batch of national ecological civilization experimental zones, 30 reform achievements in Guizhou have been included in the national promotion list, and the Guiyang International Forum on Ecological Civilization has become an important exchange platform for spreading the ecological civilization thoughts of the top leaders.

　　The river turns from the flying edge of egrets, and clouds are born in the lack of green hills. Walking in the middle of Guizhou, I saw green mountains and green waters. How was this achievement achieved?

　　Keeping the two bottom lines of development and ecology, and taking macro-ecology as one of the three strategic actions, the concept of ecological civilization has become the highest consensus and conscious action of the broad masses of cadres and people in Guizhou.

　　In addition to the National Arbor Day on March 12 every year, there is a tradition of planting trees in Guizhou. On the first day of work after the Spring Festival every year, cadres and people of five levels in provinces, cities, counties and villages go up the mountain to carry out voluntary tree planting.

　　Flower farmers in Xingshi Town, Longli County, Qiannan Prefecture are cultivating and protecting Gerbera jamesonii (photo by Feng Xiaodong from Yangguang. com)

　　By the end of 2020, the forest coverage rate in Guizhou reached 61.51%, and the forest area was more than twice that of cultivated land. And the green forest has gradually produced compound benefits. In July 2021, the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government issued the Opinions on Accelerating the High-quality Development of the Under-forest Economy. The under-forest economy in Guizhou has undergone a new transformation from local exploration to provincial overall planning, from loose and disorderly to standardized and orderly, from pursuing short-term benefits to planning long-term development.

　　Qianqiu Village, Kunzhai Township, Nayong County, Bijie City, built a "green bank" according to local conditions, relying on the local landform of "two mountains and one river". Planting 2300 mu of agate red cherry in the dam area of the core valley, and interplanting 627 mu of tea seedlings under the cherry forest; 1100 mu of mulberry, 800 mu of Myrica rubra and 200 mu of chestnut are planted on the slopes on both sides of the valley.

　　There are a large number of wild Myrica rubra in Qianqiu Village of Nayong County. The local government introduced a variety of Myrica rubra named "Black Charcoal" from other places. By crossing with local Myrica rubra, a new variety with unique flavor was cultivated, which was deeply loved by tourists and large Myrica rubra growers from other places. In 2021, the total output of Myrica rubra in Qianqiu Village was 15,000 kg, and the sales amount was 270,000 yuan.

　　In December, 2021, according to the wishes of the masses and market demand, Qianqiu Village actively declared the expansion project, planting 260,000 bayberry plants on the original basis, with an additional planting area of more than 500 mu, which can drive villagers to find more than 300 people nearby and lay a solid foundation for deep processing of bayberry.

　　The mountain is still the same mountain, but it has changed.

　　Tongzi County, Zunyi City is the "Hometown of Bambusa bambusa in Dalou Mountain, China", with more than 200,000 mu of native Bambusa bambusa. Based on resource endowment, the county has developed Bambusa bambusa as "one county and one industry", focusing on building 1 million mu of Bambusa bambusa. In 2021, the county produced about 55,000 tons of bamboo shoots with an output value of 650 million yuan.

　　Tongzi County has built the Bambusa bambusa industry into a "green bank" (photo by Yang Maohua from Yangguang. com)

　　After years of returning farmland to forests, planting trees and making bamboo, the county has a forest area of 2.88 million mu and a forest coverage rate of 60%. Thanks to the dense forest vegetation, the thick negative oxygen ions in Shanbao community of Jiuba Town seeped into the heart and spleen, making people feel suddenly enlightened. Local villagers take the initiative to give full play to the advantages of "forest villages" and vigorously develop forest tourism. Every year, tens of thousands of tourists choose to stay in Shanbao community for health and summer vacation.

　　"Customers feel particularly good when they see that our home is surrounded by trees. There are more than 70 beds in the family, and no one lives. " Chen Mingfen, a villager’s hostel operator in Red Lantern Township, Shanbao Community, Jiuba Town, Tongzi County, said.

　　To make green mountains and green waters grow in value, we should try our best to maintain a fine balance between economic development and ecological environment, and take the road of ecological priority and green development.

　　In this red land of Guizhou, we have made good use of red cultural resources, adhered to the two bottom lines of development and ecology, and embarked on a road of high-quality development in line with our own reality. Guizhou has opened a new era in history.

　　Take the Long March Road in the New Era

　　"Miaolingxiu, the rising sun; Birds crow and report the Spring Festival; Zunyi Conference shines brilliantly, and the whole party and army celebrate … …” Walking into the Red Army Street in Zunyi, you can often see a group of old people wearing red army uniforms and red military caps, singing loudly.

　　"Zunyi is an old revolutionary area. We have been exposed to red culture since childhood and have the responsibility to continue to pass it on!" Luo Guanghua, a 71-year-old citizen of Zunyi, sang red songs for 17 years in a row. Before retiring, she was always seen every time the unit organized a chorus. After retirement, she turned her hobby into a "career".

　　From the great turning point of Zunyi Conference to the "broken horseshoes" at Loushanguan, for the victory of China Revolution, Guizhou became the province with the longest activity time, the widest activity area and the most major events during the Long March of the Central Red Army.

　　Zunyi Conference Site (photo by Yang Guangwang reporter Zhou Wei)

　　Zunyi Conference is a key chapter in the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s century-old history.

　　In February, 2021, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited and consoled the cadres and masses of all ethnic groups in Guizhou, and pointed out, "The distinctive feature of Zunyi Conference is to uphold the truth, correct mistakes, establish the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and creatively formulate and implement strategic strategies in line with the characteristics of the China revolution. This is still of great significance today. "

　　In tuanjie village, Pingzheng Gelao Township, Bozhou District, Zunyi City, Huang Dafa, a Communist party member, led more than 200 people for more than 30 years since the 1960s, and with the help of hoes, steel drills, hammers and hands, abruptly cut a 9,400-meter-long "natural canal" on the precipice, ending the long-term history of local water shortage. Nowadays, a wooden plank road has been built beside the channel, and farmhouses and homestays have been opened in the village one after another. Every year, the number of people visiting the village for study and leisure travel exceeds 300,000.

　　Huang Dafa often said, "Can Communist party member be afraid of sacrifice? Those martyrs have to take their bodies to block the loopholes, and we must have this spirit when we do things. "

　　"The people of Zunyi have comforted the spirits who have been buried in this land with practical actions." Wei Shuwang, secretary of Zunyi Municipal Party Committee, said that the spirit of Zunyi Conference is a precious spiritual wealth of the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China, and it has always been the spiritual strength of Zunyi people to overcome difficulties and move towards victory.

　　Looking at the whole of Guizhou, the red gene has been passed down from generation to generation, and the children of all ethnic groups have always bravely moved forward.

　　From Dingyun Commune "taking the lead in carrying out the production quota to the group", people in Daguan Village "digging for thousands of years to make rice and grain rivers", to Deng Yingxiang &hellip, a "female foolish man"; … Time flies, things change, and only cadres and the masses have a consistent will to work hard and be self-reliant, and their fighting spirit to overcome difficulties and strive for strength is increasingly high.

　　Once Guizhou was often labeled by the outside world as "there is no sunny day for three days, no flat land for three miles and no silver for people".

　　Under the leadership of the Party, Guizhou has achieved great historical changes from poverty and poverty to a well-off society in an all-round way, from lagging development to catching up and surpassing. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the profound historical changes in Guizhou have been praised by the Supreme Leader General Secretary as "a microcosm of the great strides made by the party and the state".

　　A new starting point, a new long March. Today, Guizhou is continuing to carry forward the spirit of Zunyi Conference, carry forward the red blood, firmly adhere to the two bottom lines of development and ecology, carry out the three strategic actions of rural revitalization, big data and big ecology in depth, take the overall situation as a whole with high-quality development, and March forward courageously on the Long March in the new era.

　　Master planner: Feng Yu, Zhang Jun.

　　Chief producer: Wu Gang Xia Lingyun

　　Coordinator: Tao Yude

　　Reporter: Zhou Xian, Zhang Yijing and Ren Zhenguo (intern reporter)

　　Editor: Zhang Wei and Li Xiaoran

　　Video: Ren Zhenguo

Original SME SME technology story

Source: Slate

Author: Daniel Engber

Translation: SME science and technology story

About 50 years ago, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) began to enter our food supply chain. By 1984, almost all soda producers in the United States had adopted high fructose syrup as a cheap substitute for sugar.

Ten years ago, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) accounted for almost half of all added sugar in American diet, but this situation has changed a lot in recent ten years.

The fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in most cola ingredient lists on the market now refers to high fructose corn syrup.

In April, 2009, PepsiCo announced that it would give up this classic American sweetener, and at the same time, it introduced three new beverages: natural Pepsi, retro Pepsi and Mountain Dew Pepsi-all of which used a "natural" mixture of sugarcane and beet sugar to increase the sweetness.

Following the pace of Pepsi, Snapple Beverage also launched the most expensive advertising campaign in history to promote their new "natural" tea beverage brewed with "real" sucrose. In addition, brands such as Pizza Hut, Kraft Foods and ConAgra made similar changes in the following months.

"Natural Pepsi"

Although the Corn Refiners Association has spent $30 million on a series of media publicity activities, it has failed to reverse this trend.

There are three main reasons for opposing the use of high fructose corn syrup: just like people’s resistance to trans fats and artificial food dyes, high fructose corn syrup is accused of being unhealthy, unnatural and unpalatable. (These three statements are described as Hippocratic, Platonic and Epicurean food movements …)

From 1966 to 2013, the per capita consumption of sugar and corn sweeteners in the United States (the green data is corn syrup)

Although these statements are not completely wrong, none of them are absolutely correct.

People’s fear of high fructose corn syrup stems from the concern about the health impact of fructose (one of its main components). Under normal circumstances, after the human body ingests glucose, the body will release chemicals that regulate food intake, prompting us to stop overeating. However, fructose intake hardly inhibits our appetite, and it is also related to the formation of new fat cells.

More and more studies have made some scientists wonder whether the increase in fructose intake in the past few decades may be the root cause of the increase in obesity rate.

An important study in the Journal of Clinical Investigation revealed more conclusive evidence against the excessive use of fructose. Researchers in California recruited a group of volunteers, who were divided into two groups to drink a drink every meal for ten weeks.

The difference is that one group drinks soda with fructose, while the other group drinks soda with glucose. The experimental results showed that both groups of volunteers gained weight, but the subjects who ingested fructose had more visceral fat, which attached to our organs and was related to the increased risk of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

The results also showed that the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the fructose group was higher and the insulin sensitivity was lower.

However, there is a defect in this experimental study, that is, fructose is much sweeter than glucose, so in the real world, a small amount of fructose can be worth a large dose of glucose.

Protesters boycotting Coca-Cola are marching.

To sum up, we have every reason to believe that fructose is more harmful to human body than glucose.

But "high fructose corn syrup is more harmful to human body than other high calorie sweeteners", which is another doubt that needs scientific verification. Although it has "high fructose" in its name, its fructose content is actually not much higher than sucrose.

What we are used to adding to coffee is sucrose, which is a compound with half fructose and half glucose. The high fructose corn syrup in general soft drinks is a mixture of 55% fructose and 42% glucose. If fructose is the root of all evil, then high fructose corn syrup will only be "a little more evil" than sucrose.

Structural formulas of fructose (left) and glucosaccharose (right)

In fact, the experiment in the Journal of Clinical Research did not distinguish between the two sweeteners. They believe that corn syrup and sucrose may be equally harmful because both contain a lot of fructose: "More research is needed to compare the long-term effects of high fructose corn syrup, sucrose and 100% fructose."

There may be other reasons for blaming obesity on high fructose corn syrup in the United States. According to an article by Michael Pollan, the emergence of high fructose corn syrup enables cheap corn that can get agricultural subsidies to be converted into equally cheap sugar. Therefore, foods containing a lot of calories are produced at low cost, which in turn leads to the obesity of all Americans.

But if corn is not so cheap and plentiful, people may reduce their intake of sweeteners. The price of corn syrup is artificially depressed due to agricultural subsidies, but the prices of other sweeteners are artificially raised due to tariffs and quotas on imported sucrose and refined sugar. In other words, if all subsidies and trade restrictions are abolished, we will still have a lot of cheap sugar to provide the same calories for food.

"Comparison chart of sugar content of various beverages" widely circulated on the Internet.

As Tom Philpott pointed out in his book Grist, you don’t need high fructose corn syrup to increase the American obesity rate: the Australian food industry has also led to similar data, although their food industry is mainly based on sucrose.

It is generally believed that high fructose corn syrup is not as "natural" as other forms of sugar, which undoubtedly aggravates the bad reputation of high fructose corn syrup. "Anything natural is healthy, and anything man-made is unhealthy." This view is actually very unscientific and stupid.

If fructose is really the problem, we should avoid using pure natural sweeteners in food. For example, concentrated apple juice or pear juice contains as much as 2/3 fructose, which is more harmful to health than high fructose corn syrup. (Raw natural agave nectar may be more dangerous, and its fructose content is as high as 90%)

One of the most obvious examples is that there are too many poisonous "natural things" in nature.

In fact, how to classify high fructose corn syrup is also a headache.

Theoretically, this syrup is made from natural products grown in the soil, but people are used to classifying it as artificial products. The main reason is that a series of chemicals need to be added to convert corn starch into fructose and glucose (two of these chemicals can transfer trace mercury to the final product). Moreover, a toxic synthetic fixative called glutaraldehyde is occasionally used in one step of this process.

Because of the above reasons, some consumers have tried to sue soda producers many times-because they promote sweet products containing high fructose corn syrup as "pure natural". In 2007, the manufacturers of 7Up and Capri Sun changed the wording of their product labels when faced with legal proceedings.

In 2008, a similar lawsuit against Snapple was dismissed. At that time, the judge thought that the issue of corn syrup was best left to the officials of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to judge and deal with. The FDA finally made a ruling in favor of corn refiners and soda producers. According to the official statement, high fructose corn syrup can be considered as "natural" as long as glutaraldehyde does not come into physical contact with syrup.

Diet coke, which is all the rage.

However, this ruling did not convince the public. The food industry continues to cling to the idea that corn syrup is fake, while sucrose and beet sugar are real. This has led the manufacturers of new sweetened soft drinks to inevitably promote and sell their "pure natural ingredients"-according to the survey of Mintel Market Research Group, "pure natural" began to become the most popular propaganda word for enterprises in 2008, appearing on 23% of new food and beverage labels.

These marketing activities cater to an unproven general view that high fructose corn syrup has an unpleasant taste. (A famous food blog claimed that "apart from science, the taste of sugar is undoubtedly better") Snapple’s vice president of marketing also announced that the company’s decision to change the sweetener "is ultimately to provide a better taste".

The editor of BevNet.com, an industry publication, said that sucrose has a "completely different and cleaner taste … after you drink it, there will be no syrup in your mouth."

However, some flavor experts are skeptical. They pointed out that the formula of high fructose corn syrup had been accurately calibrated before it was added to soft drinks in the 1980s, in order to completely imitate the taste of sucrose. A spokesman for the Coca-Cola Company also insisted that there was no obvious difference between the tastes of the two drinks.

The scientific community has tried to evaluate the relative taste of pure sugar. A study in 1996 found that fructose, glucose and sucrose could not be distinguished as long as the dose matched the sweetness. Other studies have shown that the taste of fructose comes more rapidly, while the taste of glucose is slowly established and tends to last for a long time. But there is no authoritative research to compare the flavor of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup.

Coke producer: "Happiness is the most important thing."

Nevertheless, a large number of reports circulating in the street show that people can really tell the difference between cola with sucrose and cola with high fructose corn syrup. What we don’t know is whether one of them is really better than the other.

In the street survey conducted by Toronto Star, most passers-by prefer ordinary coke to sucrose or diet coke. Snapple’s testers have encountered similar puzzles: some people describe the version of high fructose corn syrup as "more natural", while others think that the pure natural version has an annoying "chemical taste".

To sum up, we can draw the following conclusions. High fructose corn syrup is not healthy, but there is no reason to think that it is worse than sucrose or beet sugar; At least according to American officials, high fructose corn syrup is as "natural" as other sweeteners. Although the taste of high fructose corn syrup seems to be slightly different from pure sucrose, many people still like it.

Which do you prefer, Pepsi or Coca Cola?

Therefore, you can convince hypochondriacs with the first conclusion, convince environmentalists with the second conclusion, and defeat gourmets with the third conclusion. But in the final analysis, what is healthy and unhealthy should be the result of scientists’ experiments; What tastes good and what doesn’t taste good varies with everyone’s different tastes.

Merchants can adjust their product strategies according to scientific research or public preferences, but if they cross the border and try to manipulate the public’s preference for food selection by using pseudo-scientific theory, it will be too much.

Original link:

https://slate.com/technology/2009/04/the-decline-and-fall-of-high-fructose-corn-syrup.html

　　Dr. Yu hung the rod-shaped metal pendant and circled it back and forth above the back of the patient’s hand, saying that it was asking questions to the "high-dimensional space" in the universe and seeking a solution to cancer. In fact, the euphemistic "natural therapy" not only failed to cure the disease, but also cheated the patient 360,000 yuan …

　　"imperial doctor" is good at "natural therapy"

　　The story begins with a patient Xiaoying at the beginning of the article.

　　Xiaoying, who is in the mood for love, is in the business of medical beauty when she is healthy. In March, 2020, she was diagnosed with rectal cancer after finding an abnormality in a physical examination. Her life suddenly fell into the abyss.

　　Xiaoying is not married yet. She doesn’t want to have an operation, let alone live with an artificial anus for the rest of her life. The so-called "artificial anus" is a fecal bag that contains feces after rectal excision.

　　Because Xiaoying insisted on not having the resection, her mother, Ms. Zhao, had to take her out of the hospital and go around looking for a doctor.

　　At this time, under the introduction of a friend, Yu Wei, the "imperial doctor", became Xiaoying’s savior.

　　In this circle, the more titles, the higher the tone, the more irrelevant it is, and the higher the rate of swindlers. Dr. Yu Wei also appeared with a lot of dazzling titles: "vice president of a health industry association", "expert in cancer field" and "doctor and professor of a third-class hospital".

　　That third-class hospital is too famous.

　　However, Xiaoying is optimistic about the professor because he is good at "natural therapy". On the phone, Professor Yu vowed to "cure cancer within 3 months without surgery." Moreover, he claimed to have cured many people’s diseases. Both Ms. Zhao and her daughter Xiaoying feel that the savior has finally appeared.

　　Pay nearly 30 thousand yuan for treatment in 45 minutes

　　On April 12, 2020, Xiaoying went to Professor Yu Wei’s private studio for treatment for the first time.

　　With the help of Chen Hong, the assistant, Yu Weixian tied a rod-shaped metal pendant with a rope, hoisted it and circled back and forth above Xiaoying’s back.

　　"Yu Wei said that the metal pendant is a pendulum, which can be used to ask questions to the’ high-dimensional space’ in the universe and seek solutions. Then he put my daughter in bed and put some patches on her. " Ms. Zhao said that she stayed with her daughter for 45 minutes in the room where the chanting was lingering.

　　After the treatment, they paid Yu Wei nearly 30 thousand yuan for treatment. Afterwards, Xiaoying went to his studio once a week to receive the so-called "treatment" according to Yu Wei’s instructions.

　　However, Xiaoying suffered from not fade away’s illness, and it got worse day by day, so that she couldn’t walk upright later.

　　Xiaoying still believes in the professor even when her illness is getting worse. She not only strictly followed Professor Yu’s requirements for "treatment", but also bought some so-called "cell water" and "energy water" and various "secret recipes" from Professor Yu at a high price.

　　In May 2021, Xiaoying finally finished her last journey in a regular hospital.

　　After seeing off her daughter, Ms. Zhao recalled the whole process of Yu Wei’s "natural therapy". The more doubts she had, the more she went to the public security organ to report the case.

　　The wife has cancer and asks the witch to do things.

　　Yu Wei graduated from a military medical university, and has been working in a third-class hospital since then, and has obtained the qualification of practicing medicine. In 2006, Yu Wei left his job and devoted himself to studying his "natural therapy".

　　Speaking of the origin of "natural therapy", it originated from a disease he had himself. In 2005, Yu Wei suffered from severe myocarditis. Under the recommendation of a friend, he went to Hong Kong for treatment, where he learned about "natural therapy". From then on, Yu Wei began to concentrate on learning the therapy and ran around for it.

　　In 2012, Yu Wei’s wife was diagnosed with breast cancer. While his wife was receiving hospital treatment, Yu Wei also used his own "natural therapy" to treat his wife. Even, Yu Wei treated his wife by superstitious means such as inviting a witch to do things. Not only did all this fail to save his wife’s life, but Yu Wei got deeper and deeper in the so-called "natural therapy".

　　Doctors in the former top three hospitals became prisoners.

　　After Yu Wei arrived at the case, he confessed that the energy water was prepared by purchasing raw materials himself. Tea and spore powder, which are claimed to have the function of "treating diseases", are also purchased from the Internet by Yu Wei’s assistant Chen Hong.

　　In the whole process of "natural therapy", Yu Wei will first draw a "holographic infographic" which contains hundreds of words involving many fields. "Then I will recite a mantra to link the’ high-dimensional space’. After entering the’ high-dimensional space’, I will meditate on the questions I need to ask in my mind, ask questions to the’ high-dimensional space’, and then use the’ pendulum’ to get the answer on the holographic information map, and understand the root cause of the patient’s illness before going to treat the disease."

　　As of the time of the incident, Yu Wei defrauded Xiaoying’s mother and daughter for a total of more than 360,000 yuan in the name of consulting fees, cleaning fees, remote physiotherapy fees and legal exorcism fees.

　　The Minhang District Procuratorate of Shanghai accused the defendants Yu Wei and Chen Hong of conspiring to defraud others of their property by fabricating facts and concealing the truth for the purpose of illegal possession, with a total value of more than 360,000 yuan, which is huge. Their actions have violated the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and are suspected of fraud. In view of the fact that the defendants Yu Wei and Chen Hong both pleaded guilty, returned stolen goods and voluntarily compensated the victim’s family and obtained the other party’s understanding, Yu Wei and Chen Hong were finally sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment and fined for committing fraud.

　　Morning News Zhou Zhou APP reporter Ye Songli correspondent Yang Yingying

　　Photo | Minhang Procuratorate

The children in the big class of Runyang Tonghua Kindergarten in qingbaijiang district, Chengdu celebrate their graduation. Information picture

On November 10th, 2009, China Education News published a page titled "Integrated Full Coverage — — Chengdu promotes the balanced development of compulsory education and realizes a new leap, and reports the experience of Chengdu in coordinating the integrated development of urban and rural education.

　　■ A typical return visit to the magnificent 70-year struggle in the new era

　　The integration of urban and rural education is of great significance for promoting educational equity and social equity. In the process of promoting the integration of urban and rural education, various localities have made efforts to explore according to local conditions. In April, 2009, Chengdu, located in the west, became the only experimental area in China where the ministries, provinces and municipalities jointly built and coordinated the comprehensive reform of urban and rural education. On November 10th, 2009, China Education News reported the experience and achievements of Chengdu’s integrated development of urban and rural education in a colorful way. Through vivid cases and detailed data, it showed the experience and measures of Chengdu’s continuous deepening of comprehensive reform in the field of education, which caused great repercussions throughout the country.

　　Now, in the past 10 years, in the face of the people’s new expectations for diversified and high-quality education, the new standards of industrial transformation and upgrading and urban transformation and development for talent training, in the "2.0 era" of overall urban-rural integration development, Chengdu has practiced the development concept of "people-centered", shifted its focus to "global quality" and "high-level balance" and made a leap towards "excellent education in Chengdu". Recently, the reporter revisited Chengdu to explore the development footprint of Chengdu education under the vision of "Chengdu in the whole region".

　　"A game of chess" in the whole city and "a picture" in the whole region — —

　　Scientific layout planning, reshaping the spatial pattern of education

　　Peach blossoms bloom on Longquan Mountain, and egrets fly by Qinglong Lake.

　　Taking the subway to enjoy flowers and birds in the eastern suburbs of Chengdu is the most enthusiastic activity of Chengdu citizens in recent years.

　　A continuous follow-up interview with Qinglong Lake Primary School, which is located on the side of Qinglong Lake, reveals that the school is the same every year. "In the past, it was a sunny day with a dusty foot, but now the four seasons are different, and the campus is better than the garden."

　　Principal Liao Xiaoqiang told reporters that relying on the unique environment, the school has carried out campus culture and school-based curriculum construction with the theme of "ecological civilization". The once remote and unknown rural school has finally "turned over" and has repeatedly shared experiences on behalf of primary and secondary schools in Sichuan at various levels of ecological education forums in China. The educational concepts and teaching methods are at the forefront of development and have become a model for many urban schools to visit and learn.

　　It’s not just rural schools that have changed dramatically.

　　"where is the temple of the famous Premier, in a deep pine grove near the City of Silk", "The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, and the Dongwu Wan Li boat is moored at the gate", "A thatched cottage in the west of Wan Li Bridge, and the water in Baihuatan is surging waves" … …

　　The reporter walked 100 meters away from the Hongzhuan West Road Primary School in Chengdu, along the Jinjiang River, the mother river of Chengdu, which is a greenway along the river for more than 100 kilometers, connecting Wuhou Temple, Wan Li Bridge, Baihuatan, Du Fu Caotang and other scattered humanistic holy places.

　　"Every step is beautiful, with history and allusions." Hongzhuan West Road Primary School puts the relevant parts of Chinese class, science and technology class and labor practice class in the greenway, so that students can get in touch with the beauty of nature and humanity at zero distance.

　　According to the overall plan of building a "park city", in recent years, Chengdu has built nearly 3,000 kilometers of urban greenways of different levels. These green "capillaries" string together many elements such as the development of young people’s quality and the practice base of popular science.

　　In the past, urban schools were small in space and limited in environment. Now, the characteristic courses, "greenway research" and social practice activities based on greenway provide rich educational materials for schools and open up a broad development space.

　　Greenway is not only a "green road", but also a "big school" and "big classroom" to improve students’ comprehensive quality.

　　The change of urban and rural schools is not only the epitome of Chengdu’s educational development, but also the historic change of Chengdu’s urban spatial pattern.

　　More than 2,000 years ago, Shu Shou Li Bing opened Dujiangyan, which turned western sichuan bazi between Longmen Mountain and Longquan Mountain into a "land of abundance" where "floods and droughts depend on people and hunger is unknown", and also fixed the basic pattern of modern Chengdu urban development.

　　Today, the population of Chengdu has increased by 500,000 per year, and it has developed into a mega-city with an actual population of over 21 million. western sichuan bazi, a city with two mountains, has become crowded.

　　Reflected in the field of education, the problems of "urban crowding" and the inability to keep up with public education services need to be solved urgently. According to estimates, according to the current average annual growth rate of the resident population in Chengdu, there is a need for a net increase of more than 70,000 degrees each year.

　　The key to solve the "urban congestion" and "educational crowding" lies in breaking the original urban spatial pattern.

　　The Master Plan of Chengdu (2016-2035) adopted last year depicts the grand blueprint of "one heart, two wings, one area, three axes and multiple centers". Nowadays, Chengdu’s urban development is crossing Longquan Mountain eastward and opening up new areas in the east. Longquan Mountain has become a new "city center" and "two mountains with one city" has become "one mountain with two wings".

　　As the "biggest livelihood project", education plays a fundamental, leading and overall role. In order to support urban development, Chengdu insists on "where the city is updated, where education follows, where the industrial layout is, where education is matched", and takes the lead in scientifically adjusting the layout planning of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens to adapt to the adjustment of urban spatial layout.

　　Since 2017, the Chengdu Education Bureau and the Municipal Planning Bureau have initiated the revision of the special plan for educational facilities, and revised and compiled the Layout Plan for General Primary and Secondary Schools and Kindergartens in Chengdu (2017— 2035), covering 22 districts (cities) and counties in the city, and unifying the compilation requirements and technical standards, truly achieving "a chess game in the city and a map in the whole region" and jointly creating "excellent education Chengdu".

　　On June 28, 2019, the city’s education conference made a major deployment of Chengdu’s education reform and development. After the education conference, the municipal party committee and the municipal government put forward the "three-step" goal of Chengdu education around the "three-step" strategic goal of Chengdu in the new era:

　　By 2022, it will initially build a modern education city that matches the national central city; By 2035, fully realize the modernization of education and build an international education highland with an important position in Pan-Eurasia; By the middle of this century, it will become a famous educational city with world influence.

　　The "Opinions" also clarified that it is necessary to support a large number of rural schools like Qinglong Lake Primary School through policies such as "new quality schools" cultivation and indicators reaching students, and carry out quality education and school culture construction of "one school, one product, one school and one scene" to promote the development of rural education characteristics and connotations.

　　Excellent city and beautiful countryside are the new goals under the new concept. In the future, according to the multi-center and group layout of urban development, with "15 minutes" as the radius, the "beautiful picture" that everyone can enjoy quality education is slowly unfolding.

　　Focus on the "global" and focus on the "county" — —

　　On the basis of "basic balance", promote the realization of "high quality balance"

　　In 2017, the 13th Party Congress of Chengdu put forward the urban spatial development strategy of "eastward expansion, southward expansion, westward control, northward reform and zhongyou".

　　From the description, it is not difficult to see that the east and south directions are the focus of urban expansion, while the west direction is the Longmen Mountain water conservation area and Dujiangyan irrigation area, which is the ecological conservation area where Chengdu strives to control the development intensity.

　　Pujiang County, located in the "western control" area, is an agricultural county with hilly terrain. The county’s GDP is less than 1% of Chengdu’s, and its fiscal disposable income is less than 1 billion yuan. It is such an ecological functional area that the financial situation has not affected the investment in education.

　　In an interview with Pujiang County, Yang Zhongyun, director of the County Education Bureau, counted an account for the reporter: in the standardization upgrading project of rural primary and secondary schools in Pujiang County in the past two years, the county’s total funds for upgrading educational equipment, environmental renovation and sports ground renovation were 99.34 million yuan, with a total investment of 33.95 million yuan … … The investment level is not worse than other regions.

　　Education prospers, and cities prosper. If the county is prosperous, the whole region will be prosperous. According to this idea, Chengdu requires district (city) and county governments to improve the education investment guarantee system of "supporting the weak and ensuring the bottom" and the compulsory education fund guarantee mechanism of "unifying urban and rural areas and focusing on counties", and at the same time, it requires educational construction projects and funds to give priority to ensuring the needs of areas and weak schools with seriously insufficient degrees.

　　The integration of urban and rural education is a dynamic development process, and the allocation of resources should also remain dynamic. In the process of policy formulation and implementation, Chengdu has made full use of the idea and method of "overall planning" and formed the idea of "giving policies to central cities, subsidies to suburban counties, and giving preference to suburban counties".

　　On the one hand, the project funds are shared and supported by a "dynamic tilt" system. For example, for the three-year standardized construction upgrading project of urban and rural primary and secondary schools with a total investment of more than 4 billion yuan, the central city, suburbs and outer suburbs will bear 100%, 70% (or 60%) and 30% (or 20%) respectively, and the rest will be borne by the municipal level. Taking the investment in education in Pujiang County in recent years as an example, the investment of 33.95 million yuan in sports field reconstruction is shared according to the ratio of 7: 3 between cities and counties. The 2 million yuan of funds for environmental transformation will be borne by the municipal level.

　　On the other hand, the financial allocation standard of public funds per student in Chengdu primary and secondary schools (including kindergartens and secondary vocational schools) was formulated, and the dynamic adjustment mechanism of public funds per student was established to continuously increase investment in rural education.

　　In Chengdu, the standard of public funds per student in compulsory education will be dynamically adjusted every two years, and a two-level joint guarantee mechanism will be implemented at the city and county levels. For the part of public funds per student that is higher than the national standard, the funds needed in the central city will be borne by each district, and those needed in the suburbs will be shared according to the ratio of 3: 7 between the city and the district, and those needed in the outer suburbs (cities) will be shared according to the ratio of 6: 4 between the city and the county (city). "May 12, For the standard of public funds per student in special education schools in the compulsory education stage, a system of annual adjustment and increase has also been established.

　　Pragmatic and flexible system design, "let money be spent on the cutting edge", has realized the optimal allocation of resources. Chengdu is creating a virtuous circle of "ecological circle". No matter the suburb or the outer suburb, no matter what level of schools, they can get the development needs, and generate has the opportunity and vitality.

　　Education thrives in cities, and cities are strong because of education — —

　　Education has become an inexhaustible motive force to promote urban development.

　　Running "primary schools" in universities and "universities" in primary schools is an important measure for Chengdu to continuously expand quality education resources and "build good schools at the doorstep of the masses".

　　In recent years, Chengdu has expanded high-quality resources through the development of prestigious school groups, school pairing assistance, entrusted management and the cultivation of "new high-quality schools", and achieved remarkable results. At the same time, it also faces the problem of "homogenization" and "simplification" to a certain extent, and it is urgent to further innovate the supply methods and paths of high-quality educational resources.

　　Looking at the educational map of Chengdu, the university where 64 is located is undoubtedly a "rich mine" to expand high-quality educational resources.

　　As far as Chengdu is concerned, relying on the resources of colleges and universities to speed up the cultivation and construction of a number of high-level basic education schools around colleges and universities is in line with the requirements of urban development pattern. The regional distribution of colleges and universities in Chengdu shows that the distribution of colleges and universities in Longquanyi District, Wenjiang District, Pidu District, Shuangliu District and Xinjin County in the near and outer suburbs of Chengdu accounts for 62.3%.

　　In 2018, the General Office of the Chengdu Municipal Government issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Joint Construction of Affiliated Schools in Colleges and Universities, encouraging and supporting colleges and universities to rely on their disciplinary and professional advantages to cultivate the dominant disciplines in the joint construction of affiliated schools and form the characteristics of discipline teaching.

　　At present, Wuhou District of Chengdu, chenghua district, Sichuan University and University of Electronic Science and Technology have respectively formed new co-construction strategies for four affiliated schools. Shuangliu District, Longquanyi District and Xindu District have strengthened cooperation and established mechanisms with four resident universities, including Chengdu University of Information Technology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu University and Southwest Petroleum University, so as to realize the co-construction and sharing of pre-school to ordinary high school education, and preliminarily explore the embryonic form and different construction modes of the basic education development ecological circle around universities.

　　According to the plan, by 2020, Chengdu will also set up 15-20 new affiliated schools of colleges and universities through joint construction of schools and schools.

　　Meeting the people’s demand for higher-level and better-quality education is the "motive force" to create an "ecological circle around the development of basic education in colleges and universities", and it is also the initial intention to continuously "expand" the quality education resources and create an "excellent education Chengdu".

　　For this "initial heart", Chengdu continues to exert its strength:

　　— — Implement the "three-year attack" action plan for primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, and vigorously improve the level of education supply. In the past two years, 373 primary and secondary schools and kindergartens have been put into use, with 202,000 new places. Every year, more than 350,000 migrant children receive compulsory education, accounting for 70% of Sichuan Province.

　　— — We will continue to deepen reform, break through institutional barriers, optimize the system of "dynamic exchange" between principals and teachers, promote the "two-self-employment, independent management and lump-sum funding" reform, and continue to implement "big-handed" measures such as "county-managed school employment" in all districts and counties of the city to "loosen" and "empower" the development of primary and secondary schools.

　　— — Realizing the balance of quality education through educational informatization. In 2017, "Chengdu Digital School" was launched, combining information technologies such as the Internet, cloud computing and big data with the resources of famous schools and famous teachers in Chengdu, and creating a digital "borderless" school for primary and secondary school students in Chengdu at any time, anywhere and on demand, benefiting more than 1,500 schools in 22 districts (cities and counties) of the city. More and more students changed their fate through "one screen".

　　— — In 2019, Chengdu issued the "Opinions on Further Deepening the Development of Regional Education Alliance", focusing on promoting the development of regional education alliance to echo the new urban development pattern of "eastward, southward, westward, northward, and zhongyou", further breaking down regional barriers, management barriers, and ownership barriers to achieve high-quality development of education in Chengdu.

　　Adhering to the initial intention of "the city develops for the people" and practicing the new development concept, the grade of education development in Chengdu is getting higher and higher, and the road is getting wider and wider. (Reporter Huang Wei Lu Lei Ni Xiu correspondent Dong Zhiwen)

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "the Communist Party of China (CPC) is a political party that strives for the happiness of the people of China and also strives for the cause of human progress. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always made new and greater contributions to mankind as its mission. " He also stressed that adhering to the path of peaceful development and promoting the building of a community of human destiny; Adhere to the concept of global governance; Promote the construction of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation; Wait a minute. These ideas have been fully reflected in the "Belt and Road" international cooperation, which is a great contribution made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to the cause of human progress.

　　The construction of the Belt and Road has formed a broad consensus in the international community.

　　The Belt and Road Initiative was put forward by the Supreme Leader when he visited Kazakhstan in September 2013 and Indonesia in October of the same year. After this initiative was put forward, it has been widely responded and supported by countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Europe along the Belt and Road and other countries and regions in the world, and has now successfully entered the stage of full implementation. A large number of international cooperative construction projects have been launched one after another, the infrastructure connectivity network has taken shape, the industrial cooperation along the line has maintained a good momentum, policy coordination among countries has been continuously strengthened, and international exchanges in various fields have been further promoted.

　　Once the "Belt and Road" initiative was put forward, it was appreciated and highly praised by many politicians, scholars and people of insight from all sides in the world. UN Secretary-General Guterres said: The Belt and Road Initiative put forward by China has built an important platform, provided new ideas and played a leading role in promoting international cooperation. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative is far-sighted. It is not only conducive to the realization of connectivity between countries, but also enables people of all countries to connect with each other and form a community of human destiny. Together, they face and strive to solve global challenges and provide the world with a Chinese solution. Russian President Vladimir Putin said at the summit forum on "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation last May that the China initiative was very timely and beneficial. The imbalance of world economic development and the crisis of the old model of economic globalization have had a negative impact on the relations between countries and international security. Generally speaking, the logic of the old model can no longer solve the contemporary problems and needs fresh ideas. The Belt and Road Initiative is a useful exploration of a new model of globalization and international cooperation. Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev said: The Belt and Road Initiative is a timely solution to the political, economic and humanitarian crisis facing the world in this century, and its successful implementation will bring tangible benefits to the people of the world.Former French Prime Minister raffarin pointed out: China has set an example for the international community by promoting multilateral cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative, and China’s long-term goal and grasp of the needs of the times are of great benefit to world development. In a world marked by innovation, I think China has a great trump card, that is, a long and profound Chinese civilization. The Belt and Road Initiative initiated by China is a great plan that needs innovation, construction and sharing. China’s voice in the world is the voice of balance, multilateral cooperation and, naturally, progress.

　　Let’s look at the academic world again. Peter Nolan, director of the Development Research Center of Cambridge University in England, believes that China has found its own development path, and at the same time, it is also finding a path for global sustainable development. The Belt and Road Initiative is not a threat to the West, but a real opportunity for cooperation, which is what China called "win-win". Naisbitt, an American futurist, believes that the "Belt and Road Initiative" has become a direction of global development, and its biggest unusual feature is that it benefits all countries and people, not just a small number of people. African countries have benefited from the development of infrastructure with the support of China, which is more effective than copying the western democratic system. South African scholar Kubus Fanstak said: The Belt and Road Initiative is a new expression of economic globalization, and its connotation is far greater than a development initiative. This construction plan will bring much-needed development to eastern Africa and a different future to the whole African continent. Compared with the relationship between Africa and the West, this is at least a different future. Djamil Matar, a UAE scholar, said: The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China is like a mission from the East, and it is free from colonialism and political interference. This mission from the East is to serve and care for the interests of the overwhelming majority of people in the world. Therefore, in a new era,A completely different cooperation model will be opened.

　　These politicians and scholars made a relatively comprehensive evaluation of the basic purpose, development prospects and far-reaching influence of the "Belt and Road" construction. Their exposition fully shows that the "Belt and Road" construction has formed some important consensus in the international community: First, the "Belt and Road" construction did not come into being out of thin air, it inherited the fine tradition of historical exchanges on the Silk Road, adapted to the needs of the development of the current world situation, and creatively opened up a new way forward for realizing new international cooperation on the basis of summing up the historical experience of mutual learning and learning on the Silk Road and the practical experience of international exchanges today. Second, the "Belt and Road" construction not only conforms to the development trend of economic globalization, but also pays attention to overcoming the disadvantages existing in the past economic globalization, providing a new path, model and governance principle for the healthy development of economic globalization. Third, the construction of the "Belt and Road" will benefit not only the initiating countries, but also the countries and regions along the route, but all countries in the world — — Whether it is the East or the West, the South or the North, the developing or the developed countries — — All countries can benefit from it and promote peaceful coexistence, equality, mutual benefit and common development of all countries in the world. Fourth, the development achievements of the "Belt and Road" construction,It will not only be enjoyed by a few people in society, but will strive to benefit the broad masses of people in all countries and regions, which is conducive to gradually narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor among members of society. That is to say, it is necessary to carry out unprecedented exploration and experiment in the world to build a community of human destiny and provide a brand-new scheme. Fifth, the "Belt and Road" construction conforms to the development trend of today’s world and reflects the interests and aspirations of people all over the world, so it has an unlimited bright future. Sixth, the wisdom and value embodied in the "Belt and Road" construction belong not only to China, the East, but also to the West, the whole world and all mankind. Therefore, all parties in the international community should cherish and safeguard it, and should actively participate and provide support as much as they can, and strive to make their own contributions.

　　The construction of the Belt and Road reflects the global governance concept of joint construction and sharing.

　　One of the core concepts, essential requirements and basic principles running through the "Belt and Road" construction is to discuss, build and share. This clearly answers and solves the important issues of how to build the "Belt and Road" international cooperation, who will build it and for whom, and provides a governance concept that should be followed for global economic governance.

　　The so-called consultation means that one party in the cooperative construction is not in charge of the infrastructure and various projects of economic and social development. Instead, it is necessary to fully listen to the opinions of all parties in the cooperative construction, respect the wishes of all parties, and care about the interests of all parties. All parties should discuss more with each other, brainstorm, seek common ground and make a decision after consultation. Moreover, during the negotiation, special attention should be paid to ensuring that all kinds of cooperation projects meet the actual situation and needs of the countries and regions where they are located. Only in this way can the cooperative projects be formulated and implemented safely and reliably, and can they really be conducive to interconnection and mutual benefit.

　　The so-called co-construction means that all parties to the cooperative construction should make concerted efforts and help each other in the same boat in the spirit of "having money, making strong contributions", making suggestions and offering skills. Moreover, all parties should make it clear that they should not only share development opportunities, but also jointly meet challenges, overcome difficulties, resolve contradictions and take risks. Only in this way can we build together.

　　The so-called sharing means that all the benefits and achievements of cooperative construction projects should be shared by all parties in accordance with the principle of fairness and justice, so that they can be in their proper place and benefit each other. All parties to the cooperation are equal partners, and we must not bully the weak with the strong and the small with the big, resulting in unreasonable and unfair sharing of benefits and achievements. In that case, it will violate the purpose and principle of the "Belt and Road" construction, and its cooperation will not be successful.

　　In short, the "Belt and Road" construction is not a "solo" by one country, but a "symphony" in which all countries and parties participate together; It is not a road where the interests of one country are exclusive, but a road where the interests of all countries are shared. In a word, the essence and essence of the "Belt and Road" construction lies in the word "common". Through joint discussion, joint construction and sharing, we will finally achieve the goal of win-win. This is also the biggest difference between the "One Belt, One Road" international cooperation and the unfair and unreasonable cooperation system and mechanism that existed in previous international exchanges.

　　It is believed that in the construction of the "Belt and Road", as long as we persist in focusing on the common aspirations and requirements of people of all countries in pursuing peace and development, adhere to the spirit of peaceful cooperation, openness and tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit, and adhere to the goal of building a community of human destiny and interests, and follow the principles of equality and mutual benefit for all countries, big or small, strong or weak, and discussing development plans, building development platforms and sharing development achievements. It can be fundamentally distinguished from the jungle law of "the law of the jungle" and the zero-sum game rule of "the winner takes all" that have existed for a long time in the international community, which will certainly be conducive to establishing a more just and reasonable new international political and economic order and creating a new face for world development and human civilization and progress. The "Belt and Road" construction advocated by China provides a new scheme and model for promoting the development of today’s world, improving international exchanges and global economic governance, and its "newness" lies in cooperation, joint construction and sharing.

　　Creative inheritance, application and development of oriental wisdom and historical wisdom of human society

　　In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader called on the people of all countries to make concerted efforts to build a community of human destiny and a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty. The core connotation of the idea of building a community of human destiny is to want peace instead of war, development instead of poverty, cooperation instead of confrontation, and win-win instead of single-win. This idea is also put forward on the basis of conforming to the historical trend, responding to the requirements of the times, reflecting the common aspirations of the people of the world and rallying the consensus of people of insight in various countries, which points out the direction for improving global governance and building a more just and rational new international order.

　　There is only one earth for mankind, and all countries coexist in one world. Today’s world is in a period of great development, great change and great adjustment. With the deepening of world political multipolarization, economic globalization, cultural diversity and social informatization, the economic, political, cultural and social ties of various countries and regions are unprecedentedly close, and dialogues and exchanges between different civilizations are increasingly frequent. Peace, development, cooperation and win-win are the aspirations of the people and the general trend. At the same time, the world is facing increasing uncertainty and instability, the process of world economic recovery is slow, the polarization between the rich and the poor is becoming increasingly serious, various frictions, conflicts and local wars occur from time to time, and global challenges such as terrorism, network security, population explosion, moral decline, transnational crime, resource shortage, environmental damage and major infectious diseases are increasingly prominent, and there is still a long way to go to promote the lofty cause of human peace and development. In the face of the profound and complicated international situation and unprecedented challenges, no country can be immune to it, and no country can deal with it alone. Only when people of all countries make concerted efforts to continuously explore and make use of all outstanding ideological and cultural achievements accumulated and being created by mankind, especially the enlightenment, wisdom and experience contained therein, can we jointly build a community of human destiny, effectively cope with and resolve challenges and problems, and thus create a bright future for world development and human civilization and progress.

　　The proposal of building a community of human destiny has a long and profound cultural heritage. An important ideological concept and a beautiful social ideal have been formed in Chinese civilization for a long time, which is "the world is public" and "the world is one". China’s pre-Qin historical classic "Book of Rites, Liyun" said: "The trip to the Avenue is also a public affair. … … It means Datong. " The so-called "the world is public" means that the world is not the world of one person, one family, one country and one nation, but the world shared by all people, all nationalities and all countries. Based on the essence of "the world is public", the ancient sages of China also put forward another important political thought, that is, the people-oriented principle of "the people are the foundation of the country" and "the people are the foundation". The so-called "people-oriented" is to advocate that social, economic, political and cultural affairs and the activities of governing the country should obey and serve the common interests of the people all over the world, so as to achieve "safety", "enrichment" and "joy". Jia Yi, a famous political commentator in the Western Han Dynasty, once said that a politician should "take the rich and happy people as merits and the poor people as sins". Of course, historical facts have repeatedly shown that,In the feudal society in which a few people ruled the majority in China’s history, the rulers did not and could not really implement the idea of "the world is public", the principle of "people-oriented" and the realization of "reassuring the people", "enriching the people" and "entertaining the people". However, as the ideological essence of Chinese traditional culture, the advanced political thoughts and the ideal of a beautiful society, which reflect the laws of the development and progress of human society, have been passed down.

　　The idea of "the world is public" and "the world is one" is not unique to Chinese culture and civilization, but also advocated and advocated by the cultures and civilizations of many countries and regions in the world. From Aristotle’s "human beings must live in harmony with each other" to the "cosmopolitanism" spirit advocated by European enlightenment scholars in the 18th century, and then to the "one world" advocated by former Indian Prime Minister Nehru; From the theory of "harmony" put forward by thinkers on the ancient Korean Peninsula to "everything is the best" advocated by islamic philosophy Thought; From China, India, Myanmar and other countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America to insist on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in handling international relations, to the establishment of the European Community and the European Union, and then to the establishment of the African Union, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States and the ASEAN Community, etc., the ideas of "the world is for the common good" and "the world is one" have been reflected from different angles, levels and degrees. It can be seen that the idea of "the world is public" and "the world is one" is the common historical wisdom and ideological essence created by people from all countries and regions in the world to promote the development of human society.

　　If these historical wisdom and ideological essence provide important historical enlightenment and historical basis for the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative and the emergence of the concept of a community of human destiny, then the strong desire and the trend of the times of people all over the world to maintain lasting peace, practice win-win cooperation, promote common development and achieve common prosperity formed under the new international situation today are important practical basis and realistic motivation for this construction and concept. The historical experience of the development of human society and the progress of human civilization has repeatedly proved that all the inevitable products of history, once produced, will continue to open up the road of progress for themselves with invincible momentum and strength until they reach the other side of success and victory. This is independent of human will. It can be said that the great feat of building the "Belt and Road" and building a community of human destiny marks the beginning and arrival of a new historical era in the development of the world and the progress of human civilization.

　　(The author is President international confucian association)

　　The picture shows the prosecutor distributing publicity materials to students at school.

　　(Reporter Tao Qiang correspondent Liu Zhenyu) "Is national security far from us?" "Will foreign spies turn against college students?"

　　On April 12th, on the occasion of the 6th National Security Education Day, the procurator of the First Branch of Tianjin Procuratorate walked into Tianjin University and gave a special lecture on the topic "National Security is Around You and Me" to enhance the national security awareness of college teachers and students, and to prevent and resolve the activities of rebellion, infiltration, subversion and sabotage abroad. Hundreds of teachers and students listened to the lecture through on-site and online meetings.

　　Prosecutors combined with many cases against college students handled by procuratorial organs in recent years, and gave a targeted lecture on the risk challenges facing China’s national security and the main contents of the overall national security concept. Especially in view of the fact that there are many engineering teachers and students in Tianjin University, and they have a large number of sensitive and cutting-edge technical information, which is easy to become the focus of foreign spy intelligence agencies, prosecutors have made suggestions on how to prevent counter-infiltration activities against foreign spies.

　　"I thought that national security was far away from us. I didn’t expect that the national security situation was more dangerous than we thought. We college students should be vigilant, enhance their awareness of the enemy and security, and raise their awareness of confidentiality in daily life, scientific research and online dating. Always tighten the string of national security." After the lecture, a student from Tianjin University Law School said.

　　In addition, the college also preached national security knowledge to campus teachers and students by setting up exhibition boards on campus, distributing brochures and giving on-site explanations, and provided short videos promoting national security for the school website for teachers and students to browse and learn.

　　In recent years, serious urban waterlogging disasters have occurred frequently in many large and medium-sized cities in China. Since 2000, there have been more than 200 urban waterlogging disasters in different degrees every year on average, which not only seriously affected the normal life order of cities, but also caused serious loss of life and property, which has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life.

　　The problem of frequent waterlogging in cities in China is the rapid expansion of city scale.

　　The frequent and serious causes of urban waterlogging disasters in China come from both natural and man-made aspects, but unreasonable social and economic activities are the main reasons for the frequent occurrence of urban waterlogging disasters in China, and the problems reflected by them are mainly the rapid expansion of urban scale.

　　First, the development mode of "above ground first, then underground" leads to the mismatch between the urban waterlogging prevention system and the modern urban development needs. China’s urbanization process is extremely rapid. In the process of the rapid rise of modern cities, due to the development mode of "above ground first, then underground", the drainage system is not up to standard, the city’s flood control and drainage capacity can’t keep up with the rapid development of cities, and the infrastructure, drainage pipe network and flood discharge facilities are not perfect. At the same time, due to poor management, aging and disrepair, pipe network blockage and other problems, the whole waterlogging prevention and control system is extremely incompatible with the development needs of modern cities.

　　Second, with the rapid urbanization process, the area of urban and rural construction land and the density of impervious surface have increased rapidly. The sharp increase of urban hardened area and the decrease of green area directly lead to the increase of storm runoff and the acceleration of confluence speed, thus increasing the risk of urban waterlogging disaster.

　　Third, "land finance" accelerates the reduction of land area with natural flood discharge and drainage function in some cities. Local development depends on "land finance" to a certain extent. In the process of transferring urban construction land, the more low-lying and waterlogged land developers are scrambling to get it, because the demolition is difficult and the investment recovery is fast. Some of the original natural lakes and ponds in the urban area were filled and rebuilt, ditches were blocked and occupied, and the original smooth natural drainage system was destroyed, resulting in the lack of its own drainage capacity within the city.

　　Therefore, the problem of urban waterlogging we are facing is much more difficult than that of developed countries. The prevention and control system of waterlogging in modern cities includes a whole set of systems such as source control, runoff process control and drainage terminal control, not just drainage. The lack of modern waterlogging prevention and control system in cities is not only the lack of pipe network construction, but also comprehensive means such as storage, detention, separation, infiltration and regulation, as well as a series of regulations and policy adjustments.

　　Foreign cities have also experienced a similar process, and gradually formed a "underground first, then above ground" urban construction and expansion model.

　　In fact, the urbanization process in developed countries in Europe and America has gone through a long period, and urban development and construction is also a process of gradual exploration and improvement. The government should plan and build a new urban area, give priority to infrastructure such as underground backbone pipe network, and complete the construction first, so that developers can only pay a good price when they buy land, and it is easy to use loans and financing to raise the initial investment in infrastructure construction, which makes it form the basic dynamic mechanism of the development model of "underground first, then on the ground" in the process of design and planning to urban construction in foreign cities.

　　Japan, South Korea and other countries have also experienced a very rapid stage of urbanization. At that time, it was difficult to avoid the development model of "above ground first, then underground", and they also suffered from frequent urban floods. Later, they all paid great efforts and costs for preventing urban floods.

　　To eradicate urban waterlogging, it is necessary to develop urban land in the mode of "planning first, then construction" and "underground first, then above ground", and at the same time actively promote the construction of sponge city.

　　First, attention must be paid to flood control and drainage in the urban planning and construction stage. To build a complete waterlogging prevention and control system, we should plan from three levels, one is river basin planning, the other is urban planning, and the third is community planning. Different levels of planning should solve different problems and explore their own reasonable and feasible solutions according to local conditions. Systematic planning of drainage facilities, combining water conservancy with municipal planning and design, planning of rainwater control and utilization of storage facilities from the source, rational planning of construction land, not arbitrarily burying and occupying areas with flood storage and drainage capacity such as existing internal rivers and ditches and ponds, minimizing the hardened area of the ground in road design, and increasing the green area by using infiltration pavement, which not only beautifies the environment, but also increases the infiltration and implication of rainwater.

　　The second is to develop urban land in strict accordance with the "underground first, then above ground" model. For the new urban development area, the way of building common ditches (water supply, gas supply, heating, power supply, oil supply, communication, network and drainage) is adopted to form the backbone drainage pipe network, and the development mode of "underground first, then above ground" should be promoted by legislation, and it is stipulated that the inherent discharge flow cannot be increased due to development.

　　The third is to accelerate the construction of sponge cities. Building a sponge city can improve the living environment, alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, reduce the urban heat island effect, reduce the losses caused by urban floods, and make the land effectively used in value. Realize the maximization of its economic, social and environmental benefits. The construction of sponge city should follow the principles of ecological priority, combine natural ways with artificial measures, realize the accumulation, infiltration and purification of rainwater in urban areas to the maximum extent, and promote the utilization of rainwater resources and ecological environment protection under the premise of ensuring the safety of urban drainage and waterlogging prevention. In the process of sponge city construction, we should coordinate the systematicness of natural precipitation, surface water and groundwater, coordinate all aspects of water supply and drainage, and consider its complexity and long-term nature.

　　International experience shows that the urbanization rate of population is 30-60%, which is a stage of rapid development of urbanization in a country or region, and the process in China is even more rapid. Under the background that there are too many debts in urban infrastructure construction in the early stage, the process of urbanization aggravating the flood risk is not over yet, and the pressure caused by the rapid economic development in the early stage continues to increase and the challenges continue to increase. It is of great significance to curb the frequent and serious situation of urban waterlogging disasters in China as soon as possible and control them well for the steady development and promotion of urbanization in China.

　　(Author: Industrial Layout Research Office of China Academy of Social Sciences)

　　[Pacific Auto Network Car Channel] According to foreign media reports, a China citizen stopped suddenly in the middle of the highway during his vacation in the United States, and then accelerated, which almost caused a car accident. When the American police officer found out, he immediately drove a police car to signal the driver to pull over. However, the China driver, who did not understand the American traffic laws, continued to drive. So, the driver experienced a real version of Grand Theft Auto. After a thrilling high-speed chase (only a few minutes), the illegally driven car was stopped by the American police, and a family of three who were ordered to get off the bus was suddenly stunned because they were surrounded by the police holding a gun. & hellip; …

[California police and China tourists staged a life-and-death chase]

　　After some questioning, the police realized that they were tourists from China who were on vacation. They were not familiar with the traffic regulations in the United States, and they did not understand the police officers’ signal to pull over, which led to this thrilling oolong chase, so they were not punished later.

　　At that time, the husband and wife were with their children, and the boy cried when he saw this scene. An American police officer picked up the child and gave him a commemorative sticker from the police station. They also clapped their hands very lovingly, which eased the boy’s fear.

● Freeway parking = death

　　Why can’t you park on the highway at will? Let’s watch a video first:

　　You should know that no matter what the situation, in which country, you are not allowed to park on the expressway casually, and the cars on the expressway are driving at a very high speed. Once an accident happens, it is quite fatal. Although it is a cliche, there are still many people who disagree, and parking arbitrarily on the expressway will eventually lead to great harm to others and themselves. Moreover, in the United States, the speed of most roads is faster than that in China, and you know how dangerous it is to stop suddenly on the expressway with your toes.

● When driving in the United States, pay attention to whether there is a police car in the rear.

　　In the United States, if the police’s signal is not handled properly, it is easy to see the scene where the American police pull their guns at tourists. If we are driving in the United States, how can we get to know if the police are signaling you to pull over for inspection?

　　Police cars are not often seen on the roads in the United States. If they are encountered, they are mostly dealing with things. When the police intercept a vehicle, they usually just silently follow the vehicle and light up a warning light to signal the driver to park the car on the side of the road as soon as possible. If the driver doesn’t mean to stop, the police car will whistle to warn the driver to pull over. Turn on the direction light before parking, and pull over. After parking, the driverOpen all four windows to see the inside of the car, and put your hands on the steering wheel for the police to see;If there are other passengers in the car, they must keep calm and quiet, and don’t use excessive words and actions, waiting for the police to ask.

　　The police will explain to the driver why he stopped the car. In the meantime, don’t do anything superfluous and follow the instructions of the police officer.Never take the initiative to pull out your driver’s license, lest the police officer mistakenly think that he is pulling out his gun..

　　Summary:Vacation should be a beautiful thing. Don’t ruin your trip or even your family because you don’t understand the "rules". Although you may be "innocent if you don’t know" in front of the police, there is no room for anyone to bargain in front of death. Before traveling abroad, if you have friends who plan to drive by car, suggest, oh, not suggest, but be sure to know the local traffic rules in advance. Little homework can make your trip abroad more beautiful. (Text: Pacific Auto Network Chi Dongning)

　　First, the specification and practice status of contract concurrence

　　Contract concurrence means that several contracts are "combined without losing their individuality", that is, according to the intention of the parties, multiple contracts are combined with a certain dependency, and the effectiveness of one contract depends on the effectiveness of another contract. When several contracts form a joint contract, if one contract is not established, invalid, cancelled or dissolved, the other contract shall share its fate.

　　Contract concurrence is a new form of contract created to meet the different interests of the parties, which is gradually fixed and typed with the transaction form. For example, the provisions on financial leasing contracts in the Contract Series of the Civil Code continue the contents of the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Applicable Legal Issues in the Trial of Disputes over Financial Leasing Contracts (hereinafter referred to as the Judicial Interpretation of Financial Leasing Contracts). According to Article 754 of the Civil Code, when the sales contract concluded between the lessor and the seller is dissolved, confirmed as invalid or revoked, and the sales contract cannot be re-concluded, the lessor or lessee may dissolve the financial lease contract, that is, the financial asset sales contract and the financial asset lease contract shall share the same fate in effect. Another example is the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Disputes over Commercial Housing Sales Contracts (hereinafter referred to as the Judicial Interpretation of Commercial Housing Sales Contracts), which stipulates that the purpose of the commercial housing secured loan contract cannot be achieved because the commercial housing sales contract is confirmed to be invalid or cancelled or dissolved, and the parties request to dissolve the commercial housing secured loan contract, which should be supported, that is, the commercial housing sales contract and the commercial housing loan contract constitute a contract.

　　In addition to these two judicial interpretations, there are few provisions on the application of the law of simultaneous contract in both legislation and judicial interpretation. In judicial practice, it is extremely difficult to prove that the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved, which is too time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the theory of simultaneous contract can solve disputes more efficiently. According to the relevant judgment documents of China Judgment Document Network, it can be seen that many judges at all levels directly use the theory of simultaneous contract to judge the validity of contracts in their judgments. Moreover, the special judgment rules of contract union are not only embodied in the entity, but also reflected in the procedure. Many judges believe that when several contracts constitute contract union, they should be tried in one case, otherwise the rights and obligations of all parties cannot be clarified. However, at present, the trial ideas of local courts for such disputes have not been unified. In view of this, the judicial determination standard of "simultaneous contract" needs to be clarified.

　　Second, the judicial judgment standard of contract simultaneous.

　　1. The number of contract texts should not be used as a criterion for judging the contract. According to the general theory of academic circles, contracts can be divided into typical contracts and atypical contracts. Nineteen typical contracts stipulated in the Civil Code mainly focus on single transaction and single contract. Modern social and economic exchanges are becoming more and more frequent, and the transaction forms are becoming more and more complicated. Sometimes, the parties have to create new types of contracts in addition to the legal contract types to meet different interests, and atypical contracts have emerged. Atypical contracts can be divided into three types: pure atypical contracts, simultaneous contracts and mixed contracts. Mixed contract and contract combination are quite different from typical contracts that adjust the relationship between a single transaction and a single contract. Mixed contract is still a contract in essence, while contract combination is a combination of several contracts. It can be seen that the number of contractual relationships is very important to judge whether it is a typical contract, a mixed contract or a contract.

　　However, judging the number of contracts cannot be based on the number of contract texts signed by the parties in form. Even if there is only one contract text, it is possible to establish a joint contract. Take the contract of second-hand housing sales contract and intermediary contract as an example. The model of second-hand housing sales contract adopted by many intermediary companies in the market is that the buyer, the seller and the intermediary company agree on the content of second-hand housing sales and the contract of intermediary remuneration and service content in one contract text. Although these two types of contracts are signed in one contract text, although they are two different contractual relationships, Each of them has independent functions of establishing, changing or terminating the relationship of civil rights and obligations, but both of them have an integrated trading function in economy, and their contractual effectiveness affects each other. The invalidity and cancellation of one contract will inevitably affect the effectiveness of the other contract. Therefore, the second-hand housing sales contract and the intermediary contract constitute a joint contract, and the number of contract texts does not affect whether it constitutes a joint contract.

　　2. There is "economic integrity" among several contracts. After searching the China Judgment Document Network, it can be seen that at present, there are the following types of cases in which courts at all levels determine that several contracts constitute a contract: the contract consisting of a commercial housing sales contract and a hotel entrusted management contract; Second-hand housing sales contract and intermediary contract constitute the contract; The contract formed by the commercial housing sales contract and the secured loan contract is simultaneous; The contract formed by the financial loan contract and the pledge supervision contract is simultaneous; The contract formed by the vehicle affiliated contract and the vehicle sales contract is simultaneous; The contract composed of private lending contract and assignment guarantee contract is simultaneous; The contract of consumer contract and credit contract is simultaneous.

　　There is a great difference between contract union and master and slave contracts. Several contracts in contract union have the independence of a single contract, and their establishment and entry into force are not dependent on the master contract as the establishment and entry into force of slave contracts. It is not difficult to see from the main types of simultaneous contracts summarized above that these types all have the common characteristics of integrity for economic purposes. From the perspective of simultaneous contracts, although many contracts may not be unified with each other, and the legal nature of each single contract is also different, no matter from the form of contract signing, the content of contract agreement and the actual way of performance, several contracts are actually mutually conditional and interrelated, and their rights and obligations are inseparable. That is to say, even though the contracts that form a joint contract are independent of each other and their purposes are very different, they all have a common direction and an intention to make one of them better realized.

　　For example, in 53 cases of disputes over pre-sale contracts of commercial housing between Chen Mou et al., judged by Chengdu Intermediate People’s Court and Chengdu Upper Celebrity Investment Company, and in 16 cases of disputes over housing lease contracts between Cheng Moumou et al., judged by Guangyuan Intermediate People’s Court of Sichuan Province and Guangyuan Xinghe Construction Company, the courts all held that although the parties who signed Commercial Housing Sales Contract, Decoration renovation contract and Hotel Entrustment Management Contract were inconsistent, these contracts were integrated in economy, so they were considered to constitute contracts. In the transaction mode of these property-based shops, the rights and obligations of several contracts signed by buyers and developers or affiliated enterprises are inseparable, which jointly realize that buyers purchase houses, and then hand them over to sellers or affiliated enterprises for unified management based on the purchased houses, so as to obtain investment income (actually rent), and developers realize the purpose of obtaining profits from all aspects of the transaction through several closely related contracts. In this kind of transaction, the direct dependence of several contracts and the resulting overall transaction function have been quite objective and typed, which is convenient for judicial practice to clarify the formation of simultaneous contracts through contract interpretation.

　　However, it should be noted that in judicial practice, the term economic integrity is abstract and difficult to judge. The author believes that whether there is economic integrity can be judged from whether there is any correlation between the signing of various contracts. Specifically, taking the Judicial Interpretation of Financial Leasing Contract and the Judicial Interpretation of Commercial Housing Sales Contract as an example, these two judicial interpretations stipulate that the dissolution of one contractual relationship will affect the dissolution of another contractual relationship, on the basis that the parties sign several contracts in order to better realize the main purpose of one of them. If the lessor and the seller sign a sales contract for the financial lease item, it is to realize the lease contract between the lessor and the lessee, and the subject matter of the lease contract is also the subject matter of the sales contract, and the subject matter of the sales contract is selected according to the requirements of the lessee in the lease contract. Another example is that in the contract formed by the commercial housing sales contract and the loan contract, the purchaser borrows money from the bank to pay the final payment of the house, which is also for the smooth performance of the commercial housing sales contract. For another example, in the case where the contract of second-hand house sales and purchase is combined with the intermediary contract, unless the buyer and the intermediary signed an agreement to provide intermediary services, the buyer would not sign a house sales contract with the seller in the service provided by the intermediary.

　　In a word, the purpose of contract simultaneous is to finally realize an overall trading function through the trading chain of several contracts. In order to protect the interests of the parties, judicial practice began to make greater efforts to approach the original features of various transactions in economic practice and the interests of the parties behind them, and clarified some cases of joint contracts through typology and even legislation. Therefore, when trying the disputes of contract association which are not specified in detail in the Civil Code, we can explore the true meaning of the parties in contract association according to the penetrating trial thinking required in the Minutes of the Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference of the National Court. We should not only pay attention to the independence of the rights and obligations of each contract, but also distinguish the relationship between several contracts that constitute the contract association and the economic integrity, so as to solve the disputes between the parties as soon as possible, effectively reduce the litigation burden of the parties and save judicial resources.

　　(Author: Southwest University of Political Science and Law)