Second-born elderly women, especially obese pregnant women, should be alert to thrombosis.

　　Thrombosis is small, but sometimes it can be fatal. With the liberalization of the second child policy, more and more elderly women have plans to have a second child, and elderly pregnant women are the high-risk population of obstetric thrombosis. Why do pregnant women easily lead to venous thrombosis of lower limbs? What serious harm will it do if it is not handled in time? Gu Xiaoxia, head nurse of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University, specially reminded the elderly pregnant women, especially obese pregnant mothers, to be more alert to thrombosis.

　　We often say that deep vein thrombosis is a "silent killer" because about 80% patients may have no obvious symptoms, but when it falls off, it may lead to fatal consequences. If the thrombus falls off from the venous wall, it will float to the lungs with the venous blood flow and get stuck in the blood vessels in the lungs, causing pulmonary embolism, causing severe chest pain, dyspnea and even sudden death. If pregnant women have blood clots, it may lead to serious harm such as fetal abortion and stillbirth.

　　Venous thrombosis mainly occurs in legs and lungs, among which leg thrombosis is the most common. Once deep vein thrombosis is formed, there will be obvious symptoms such as swelling, pain, skin fever and redness in the affected leg, and even inability to walk or lead to refractory venous ulcer of lower limbs in severe cases, which will seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Gu Xiaoxia introduced that pregnant women with the above symptoms went to the hospital as soon as possible, so as not to delay the best treatment opportunity.

　　Blood hypercoagulability, slow blood flow and vascular wall injury are all risk factors leading to deep vein thrombosis. Gu Xiaoxia said that pregnant women are prone to thrombosis, which is because the enlarged uterus during pregnancy compresses the inferior vena cava and pelvic vein and hinders blood return.

　　It is embodied in the following aspects: the activity of pregnant women is reduced and the blood flow is slow; During pregnancy, the levels of estrogen and progesterone are high, which changes the level of coagulation factors and makes the blood in a hypercoagulable state. Excessive nutrition intake during pregnancy, high body mass index and easy obesity; The birth injury during operation and delivery releases the coagulation substance and enhances the tendency of coagulation; Especially in cesarean section, research shows that the incidence of thrombosis in cesarean section is four times that in vaginal delivery; Pregnant women are prone to constipation, leading to increased abdominal pressure; Multiple pregnancy, pregnancy complicated with hypertension, autoimmune diseases, preeclampsia and other pregnancy complications and the application of assisted reproductive technology all increase the risk of thrombosis.

　　What are the secrets of preventing thrombosis? Gu Xiaoxia suggested starting with diet, exercise and drugs:

　　Exercise: pregnant mothers who have indications for exercise during pregnancy should do moderate-intensity exercise such as walking, brisk walking, swimming and yoga during pregnancy; Active and passive movements of lower limbs can also be carried out in bed to prevent venous thrombosis of lower limbs, such as ankle pump movement, knee flexion movement and isometric contraction movement of quadriceps femoris.

　　Nutrition management: reasonable diet, combination of meat and vegetables, light diet, drinking about 2000ml per day, improving constipation.

　　Anti-thrombus equipment walking: anti-gradient pressure belt for about 8 hours (elastic socks) to prevent thrombosis.

　　Of course, the most important thing is to advocate natural delivery and avoid unnecessary cesarean section.

　　Finally, it is reminded that people with a history of thrombotic diseases and the above-mentioned high-risk groups can carry out relevant examinations before pregnancy, find the constitution that is easy to thrombus in time, and reduce the risk of thrombosis and adverse pregnancy outcome through standardized treatment according to the doctor’s advice. (Correspondent Cui Yuyan Zeng Lihua)